英语语言学试题6.doc

英语语言学试题 6I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1.The famous quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.( ) A. the artitrary nature of language B. the creative nature of language C. the universality of language D. the big difference between human language and animal communication 2 The consonant v in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features_.( )A. voiceless bilabial stop B. voiceless labiodental fricativeC. voiced bilabial stop D. voiced labiodental fricative3.Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules of phonology in English.( ) A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk4.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _ formula SNP VP.( ) A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _ meaning. A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence6.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit (promise) the speaker to some future course of action are called _.( ) A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives7.The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.( ) A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative8 _ refers to the relationship between a more general word and a more specific one，such as between color: red, green ,blue, white, black. ( )A. Synomymy B. Hyponymy C. Polysemy D. Homonymy9. “I bought some roses.”_ “I bought some flowers.”( )A entails B presupposes C is inconsistent with D is synonymous with10. A_ is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. Nobody takes it as his mother tongue. ( )A creole B diglossia C pidgin D dialect .Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2%10=20%)11.P_ function refers to language used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. 12.Clear 1 and darkare allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_ distribution.13.A r_ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.14.S_ refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.15. The study of the linguistic meaning of word, phrase and sentence is called s_.16.Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items, such as “father” and “son”, are called r_ antonyms.17.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u_ is concrete and context-dependent.18. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the c_ principle proposed by J. Grice.19.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b_ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.20. The Great Vowel Shift began around the death of Chaucer in 1400, English language used at that time is called M_ English. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (1%10=10%)( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words.( )24.The student in the sentence The student liked the linguistic lecture.,and The linguistic lecture in the sentence The linguistic lecture liked the student. belong to the same syntactic category.( )25.A sociolect is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.( )27.An important distinction between traditional grammar and modern linguistics in their study of language is that the former tend to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate “the best author”for language usage.( )28. In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. ( )29. We can always tell by the words that a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.( )30. An American linguist Martin Joos, in his book called The Five Clocks, distinguishes five stages of formality, namely, intimate, casual, consultative, formal and frozen. Directions: Explain six terms of the following ten ones, using one or two examples for illustration. (5%6=30%)31.language 32.duality (as a defining feature of human language)33.a minimal pair34. suprasegmental features 35. inflectional morphemes36. back formation37. reference38. illocutionary act39.ethnic dialect20.register . Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%)41. Please draw the tree diagrams of both the deep structure and surface structure of the following sentence “she has finally found the man whom she loves.”42.Describe the changes in the meaning language of words and illustrate your each point with at least two examples.参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)11.phatic 12.complementary13.root 14.synonymy15.semantics 16.relational17.utterance 18. cooperative19. bilingualism 20.Middle三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)21.FThe contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention.22.T23.FSome compounds contain more than two words.24.T25.FIt is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions morning star and evening star. They refer to the same star but differ in sense.26.T27.T28.F29.F30.T四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分)31.LanguageLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a system, since linguistic elements are arranged systematically, rather than randomly. Arbitrary, in the sense that there is usually no intrinsic connection between a word and the object it refers to. It is symbolic because words are associated with objects, actions, ideas etc. it is vocal because sound or speech is the primary medium for all human language, developed or “new”. The term human is the definition is meant to specify that language is human specific.32.Duality Linguistics refer duality of structure to the fact that in all language so far investigated, one finds two levels of structure of patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analysed in terms of combinations of meaningful units; at the second, lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves, but which combine to form units of meaning.33.A minimal pairWhen two different phonetic forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the string, two forms are supposed to form a “minimal pair.”e.g. pill and bill; pill and till; till and dill till and kill.34. Suprasegmental features Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of linguistic units larger than the segment called phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.35.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English.36. Back formationback formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by detecting an imagined affix form a longer form already present in the language. It is a special kind of metanalyais, combined with analogical creation. Editoredit; enthusiasm-enthuse37.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, The dog is barking, we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word dog refers to in th