M8 Unit1柯林斯高级英汉双解词典.doc

人教版高中英语选修八UNIT 1柯林斯高级英汉双解词典M8 Unit11、California ,klif:nj n. 加利福尼亚（美国一个州）2、Californian ,klif:njn adj. (美国)加利福尼亚州的n. 加利福尼亚州人3、illustrate /lstret/ vt. 阐明，举例说明；图解vi. 举例(illustrating, illustrated, illustrates)1、V-T If you say that something illustrates a situation that you are drawing attention to, you mean that it shows that the situation exists. 表明; 显示例： The example of the United States illustrates this point. 美国的例子表明了这一点。例： The situation illustrates how vulnerable the president is. 这个情况显示总统是多么地不堪一击。2、V-T If you use an example, story, or diagram to illustrate a point, you use it to show that what you are saying is true or to make your meaning clearer. (用例子、故事或图表) 阐明例： Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point. 让我举另一个例子来阐明这个难点。3、illustration N-UNCOUNT例证例： Here, by way of illustration, are some extracts from our new catalogue. 这里引为例证的是摘自我们新目录的部分内容。 4、V-T If you illustrate a book, you put pictures, photographs or diagrams into it. 给 (书) 加插图例： She went on to art school and is now illustrating a book. 她接着上了美术学校，现在正在给一本书画插图。5、illustration N-UNCOUNT(书的) 插图例： .the world of childrens book illustration. 儿童书籍插图的世界。4、distinct /dstkt/ adj. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的1、ADJ If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it. 有区别的例： Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science. 工程学和工艺学是互不相同的学科，也不同于理科。2、distinctly ADV不同地ADV adj例： .a banking industry with two distinctly different sectors. 有两个截然不同部门的银行业。3、ADJ If something is distinct, you can hear, see, or taste it clearly. 清楚的例： .to impart a distinct flavour with a minimum of cooking fat. 加入最少量的烹调油脂做出独特的风味。4、distinctly ADV清楚地ADV with v例： I distinctly heard the loudspeaker calling passengers for the Washington-Miami flight. 我清楚地听到扩音器在呼叫由华盛顿飞往迈阿密的旅客。5、ADJ If an idea, thought, or intention is distinct, it is clear and definite. 明显的; 确切的例： Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude. 现在托尼不在场了，她的态度就发生了明显变化。6、distinctly ADV明显地; 确切地ADV with v例： I distinctly remember wishing I had not got involved. 我清楚地记得我巴不得自己没有参与进去。 7、ADJ You can use distinct to emphasize that something is great enough in amount or degree to be noticeable or important. 显著的强调ADJ n例： Being 6ft 3in tall has some distinct disadvantages! 身高6英尺3英寸有明显的劣势！8、distinctly ADV显著地ADV adj/-ed例： His government is looking distinctly shaky. 他的政府看起来显然岌岌可危。9、PHRASE If you say that you are talking about one thing as distinct from another, you are indicating exactly which thing you mean. 与有区别的例： Theres a lot of evidence that oily fish, as distinct from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect. 大量证据显示，含油的鱼与肥肉不同，具有益处。5、distinction /dstkn/ n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章(distinctions)1、N-COUNT A distinction between similar things is a difference. 区别例： There are obvious distinctions between the two wine-making areas. 这两个酿酒区之间有明显的不同。例： The distinction between craft and fine art is more controversial. 工艺和美术之间的区别更有争议。 2、PHRASE If you draw a distinction or make a distinction, you say that two things are different. 区分3、N-COUNT A distinction is a special award or honour that is given to someone because of their very high level of achievement. 荣誉例： The award was established in 1902 as a special distinction for eminent men and women. 该奖设立于1902年，作为特别荣誉颁给杰出的男士和女士。4、N-UNCOUNT Distinction is the quality of being very good or better than other things of the same type. 卓越正式例： Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity. 刘易斯脱颖而出，成为一位有卓越能力和敏锐度的作曲家。5、N-SING If you say that someone or something has the distinction of being something, you are drawing attention to the fact that they have the special quality of being that thing. Distinction is normally used to refer to good qualities, but can sometimes also be used to refer to bad qualities. 特质例： He has the distinction of being regarded as the Federal Republics greatest living writer. 他有一种特质，因此被认为是联邦共和国在世的最伟大的作家。6、immigrant /mrnt/ n. 移民，侨民(immigrants)N-COUNT An immigrant is a person who has come to live in a country from some other country. Compare . (外来) 移民例： .illegal immigrants. 非法移民。7、live on vi. 以.为食；靠.生活(living, lived, lives)1、PHRASAL VERB If you live on or live off a particular amount of money, you have that amount of money to buy things. 靠 (某数额的钱) 过活例： .people trying to live on $100 a week. 设法靠每周$100过日子的人们。 2、PHRASAL VERB If you live on or live off a particular source of income, that is where you get the money that you need. 以为收入来源例： The proportion of Americans living on welfare rose. 靠福利生活的美国人的比例上升了。 3、PHRASAL VERB If an animal lives on or lives off a particular food, this is the kind of food that it eats. 以为主食例： The fish live on the plankton. 这种鱼以浮游生物为主食。8、strait /stret/ n. 海峡；困境(straits)1、N-COUNT/N-IN-NAMES You can refer to a narrow strip of sea which joins two large areas of sea as a strait or the straits. 海峡例： An estimated 1,600 vessels pass through the strait annually. 估计每年有1600艘船经过这个海峡。2、N-PLURAL If someone is in dire or desperate straits, they are in a very difficult situation, usually because they do not have much money. (常指缺钱造成的) 困境adj N例： The companys closure has left many small businessmen in desperate financial straits. 该公司的关闭使得许多小商人陷入经济困境。9、Bering n. 白令海峡10、Arctic /ktk/ adj. 北极的；极寒的1、N-PROPER The Arctic is the area of the world around the North Pole. It is extremely cold and there is very little light in winter and very little darkness in summer. 北极例： .winter in the Arctic. 北极的冬天。 2、ADJ If you describe a place or the weather as arctic, you are emphasizing that it is extremely cold. 极冷的非正式例： The bathroom, with its spartan pre-war facilities, is positively arctic. 这个有简陋战前设施的浴室实在冷极了。11、the Arctic 北极区12、means /minz/ n. 手段；方法；财产（mean的复数）. 1、N-COUNT A means of doing something is a method, instrument, or process which can be used to do it. Means is both the singular and the plural form for this use. 方法; 手段; 过程例： The move is a means to fight crime. 这个行动是打击犯罪的一种手段。例： The army had perfected the use of terror as a means of controlling the population. 军队已经能很好地利用恐怖手段来控制这里的人们。2、N-PLURAL You can refer to the money that someone has as their means. 财富正式例： .a person of means. 一个富有的人。3、PHRASE If you do something by means of a particular method, instrument, or process, you do it using that method, instrument, or process. 通过 (方法、手段或过程)例： This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars. 这是一门通过讲座和研讨会形式讲授的两年制课程。4、CONVENTION You can say by all means to tell someone that you are very willing to allow them to do something. 当然可以套语例： Can I come and have a look at your house?Yes, by all means. “我能过来看看你的房子吗？”“可以，当然可以。”13、by means of 用；依靠；通过；借助于14、prehistoric /prihstrk/ adj. 史前的；陈旧的ADJ Prehistoric people and things existed at a time before information was written down. 史前的例： .the famous prehistoric cave paintings of Lascaux. 拉斯科著名的史前洞穴绘画。15、majority /mdrt/ n. 多数；成年(majorities)1、N-SING-COLL The majority of people or things in a group is more than half of them. 多数例： The majority of my patients come to me from out of town. 我的多数病人来自市区外。2、PHRASE If a group is in a majority or in the majority, they form more than half of a larger group. 占多数例： Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority. 调查显示该条约的支持者仍占多数。3、N-COUNT A majority is the difference between the number of votes or seats in a legislature or parliament that the winner gets in an election, and the number of votes or seats that the next person or party gets. 多得的票数; 多获得的席位例： Members of parliament approved the move by a majority of ninety-nine. 国会议员们以99票的多数批准了该提案。4、ADJ Majority is used to describe opinions, decisions, and systems of government that are supported by more than half the people involved. 多数人支持的ADJ n例： .her continuing disagreement with the majority view. 她与多数人观点的持续不一致。 5、N-UNCOUNT Majority is the state of legally being an adult. In most states in the United States, people reach their majority at the age of eighteen. 成年例： .a citizen of Russia who has reached the age of majority. 一个已成年的俄罗斯公民16、ministry /mnstr/ n. （政府的）部门(ministries)N-COUNT In many countries, a ministry is a government department which deals with a particular thing or area of activity, for example trade, defence, or transportation. (政府的) 部例： .the Ministry of Justice. 司法部17、Catholic /klk/ adj. 天主教的；宽宏大量的n. 天主教徒；罗马天主教 (Catholics)1、ADJ The Catholic Church is the branch of the Christian Church that accepts the Pope as its leader and is based in the Vatican in Rome. 天主教的例： .the Catholic Church. 天主教会。例： .Catholic priests. 天主教教士。 2、ADJ If you describe a collection of things or people as catholic, you are emphasizing that they are very varied. 广泛的例： He was a man of catholic tastes, a lover of grand opera, history, and the fine arts. 他是一个兴趣广泛的人，爱好大歌剧、历史和美术。3、N-COUNT A Catholic is a member of the Catholic Church. 天主教徒例： At least nine out of ten Mexicans are baptized Catholics. 至少十分之九的墨西哥人是受过洗礼的天主教徒。18、Alaska lsk n. 阿拉斯加州19、San Francisco sfrnsiskul; -frn- 旧金山20、adventurer /dvntr/ n. 冒险家；投机商人(adventurers)N-COUNT An adventurer is a person who enjoys going to new, unusual, and exciting places. 探险者21、make a life 22、despite prep 不管；不顾；尽管；不论23、hardship /hdp/ n. 困苦；苦难；艰难险阻(hardships)N-VAR Hardship is a situation in which your life is difficult or unpleasant, often because you do not have enough money. 困境例： Many people are suffering economic hardship. 很多人正遭受着经济困难。24、elect /lkt/ vt. 选举；选择；推选(electing, elected, elects)1、V-T When people elect someone, they choose that person to represent them, by voting for them. 选举例： The people of the Philippines have voted to elect a new president. 菲律宾人民已经投票选举出一位新总统。例： The University of Washington elected him dean in 1956. 华盛顿大学在1956年选他为院长。2、V-T If you elect to do something, you choose to do it. 选择正式例： Those electing to smoke will be seated at the rear. 选择抽烟的人将坐在后面。 3、ADJ Elect is added after words such as president or governor to indicate that a person has been elected to the post but has not officially started to carry out the duties involved. 当选而尚未就职的正式n ADJ例： .the date when the president-elect takes office. 总统当选人的就职日。25、federal /fdrl/ adj. 联邦的；同盟的1、ADJ A federal country or system of government is one in which the different states or provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions. 联邦制的ADJ n例： Five of the six provinces are to become autonomous regions in a new federal system of government. 在新的联邦政府体制下，6个省中的5个将成为自治区。2、ADJ Federal also means belonging or relating to the national government of a federal country rather than to one of the states within it. 联邦政府的ADJ n例： The federal government controls just 6% of the education budget. 联邦政府只掌控教育预算的6。3、federally ADV联邦政府地ADV -ed例： .residents of public housing and federally subsidized apartments. 公共住房的住户和享受联邦政府补贴的公寓住户。26、rail /rel/ n. 铁轨；扶手；横杆；围栏(rails)1、N-COUNT A rail is a horizontal bar attached to posts or around the edge of something as a fence or support. 栏杆例： They had to walk across an emergency footbridge, holding onto a rope that served as a rail. 他们不得不抓着当作栏杆用的绳子，走过一架应急人行桥。2、N-COUNT A rail is a horizontal bar that you hang things on. (挂物用的) 横杆例： This pair of curtains will fit a rail up to 7 ft 6 in wide. 这副窗帘适合安装在宽度为7英尺6英寸的横杆上。3、N-COUNT Rails are the steel bars which trains run on. 铁轨例： The train left the rails but somehow forced its way back onto the line. 火车偏离了铁轨，但又设法回到了原来的轨道上。 4、N-UNCOUNT If you travel or send something by rail, you travel or send it on a train. 乘火车; 用火车 (运送)例： The president travelled by rail to his home town. 总统乘火车回到了家乡。 5、N any of various small wading birds of the genus Rallus and related genera: family Rallidae, order Gruiformes (cranes, etc). They have short wings, long legs, and dark plumage 普通秧鸡 6、V to provide with a rail or railings 提供护栏 7、V to complain bitterly or vehemently 强烈抗议例： to rail against fate 8、PHRASE If something is back on the rails, it is beginning to be successful again after a period when it almost failed. 东山再起英国英语journalism例： It may take some time to get the economy back on the rails. 可能要花一些时间使经济重回正轨。9、PHRASE If someone goes off the rails, they start to behave in a way that other people think is unacceptable or very strange, for example, they start taking drugs or breaking the law. 行为出轨英国英语例： Theyve got to do something about these children because clearly theyve gone off the rails. 他们必须对这些孩子采取点行动，因为很明显他们的行为已经出轨了。27、percentage /psntd/ n. 百分比；百分率，百分数(percentages)N-COUNT A percentage is a fraction of an amount expressed as a particular number of hundredths of that amount. 百分比例： Only a few vegetable-origin foods have such a high percentage of protein. 只有几种来源于植物的食品含有如此高百分比的蛋白质。28、Los Angeles lsndls; -li:z 洛杉矶(美国加利福尼亚西南部港市)29、Italy itli 意大利30、Italian /tljn/ n. 意大利人；意大利语adj. 意大利的；意大利文化的；意大利语的(Italians)1、ADJ Italian means belonging or relating to Italy, or to its people, language, or culture. 意大利的; 意大利人的; 意大利语言文化的 2、N-COUNT An Italian is an Italian citizen, or a person of Italian origin. 意大利人 3、N-UNCOUNT Italian is the language spoken in Italy, and in parts of Switzerland. 意大利语31、Denmark denma:k n. 丹麦（欧洲国家）32、keep up 保持；继续；不低落；不落后(keeping, kept, keeps)1、PHRASAL VERB If you keep up with someone or something that is moving near you, you move at the same speed. 跟上例： He lengthened his stride to keep up with his father. 他迈开大步跟上他父亲。 2、PHRASAL VERB To keep up with something that is changing means to be able to cope with the change, usually by changing at the same rate. 跟上 (变化)例： The union called the strike to press for wage increases which keep up with inflation. 工会号召罢工，要求工资增长跟上通货膨胀。3、PHRASAL VERB If you keep up with your work or with other people, you manage to do or understand all your work, or to do or understand it as well as other people. 跟上 (工作进度等)例： Penny tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort to keep up with her work. 为了努力跟上工作进度，彭妮往往午饭时间也在工作。4、PHRASAL VERB If you keep up with what is happening, you make sure that you know about it. 了解例： She did not bother to keep up with the news. 她不愿操心去了解新闻。5、PHRASAL VERB If you keep something up, you continue to do it or provide it. 使继续下去例： I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month. 我总是饿，所以我的节食一个月后就继续不下去了。. 6、PHRASAL VERB If you keep something up, you prevent it from growing less in amount, level, or degree. 使不下降例： The riders had to keep their pace up. 骑手们必须保持速度不减。 7、see also keep33、Hollywood /hlwd/ n. 好莱坞34、boom /bum/ n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声(booming, boomed, booms)1、N-COUNT If there is a boom in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity, for example, in the number of things that are being bought and sold. (经济) 繁荣例： An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction. 接着是一个经济的繁荣，尤其在住房和建筑方面。例： The 1980s were indeed boom years. 20世纪80年代确实是繁荣的时代。2、N-COUNTA boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success. 增长例： The boom in the sports popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations. 该项运动普及程度的大幅提高带来了更多要求更严格安全法规的呼声。3、V-I If the economy or a business is booming, the number of things being bought or sold is increasing. 激增例： By 1988 the economy was booming. 到1988年为止经济一直很繁荣。例： Sales are booming. 销售量在激增。 4、V-T/V-I When something such as someones voice, a cannon, or a big drum booms, it makes a loud, deep sound that lasts for several seconds. 发出低沉洪亮的声音例： Ladies, boomed Helena, without a microphone, we all know why were here tonight. “女士们”，海伦娜没用话筒朗声说道，“我们都知道今晚我们为什么在这儿。”例： Thunder boomed over Crooked Mountain. 雷声在克鲁克德山上空轰鸣。5、PHRASAL VERB Boom out means the same as . 发出低沉洪亮的声音例： Music boomed out from loudspeakers. 扬声器传出了低沉响亮的音乐。例： A megaphone boomed out, This is the police. 扩音器传出了低沉而响亮的声音：“我们是警察。”. 6、N-COUNT/SOUND Boom is also a noun. 轰鸣声例： The stillness of the night was broken by the boom of a cannon. 夜晚的寂静被大炮的轰鸣声打破了。35、aircraft /krft/ n. 飞机，航空器(aircraft)N-COUNT An aircraft is a vehicle that can fly, for example, an aeroplane or a helicopter. 飞机例： The return flight of the aircraft was delayed. 飞机的返回航程被推迟了。36、Cambodian /kmbdn/ n. 柬埔寨人（高棉人）；柬埔寨语1、ADJ of or relating to Cambodia or its inhabitants 柬埔寨(人)的2、Na native or inhabitant of Cambodia 柬埔寨人37、Korea kri n. 韩国；朝鲜38、Korean /krin/ n. 韩国人；韩国语；朝鲜人；朝鲜语adj. 韩国人的；韩国语的；朝鲜人的；朝鲜语的(Koreans)1、ADJ Korean means belonging or relating to North or South Korea, or to their people, language, or culture. 朝鲜或韩国的; 朝鲜人或韩国人的; 韩语的; 朝鲜文化或韩国文化的2、N-COUNT A Korean is a North or South Korean citizen, or a person of North or South Korean origin. 朝鲜或韩国人3、N-UNCOUNT Korean is the language spoken by people who live in North and South Korea. 韩语39、Pakistan pkistn n. 巴基斯坦（南亚国家名）40、Pakistani /pkstn/ adj. 巴基斯坦的(Pakistanis)1、ADJ Pakistani means belonging or relating to Pakistan, or to its people or culture. 巴基斯坦的; 巴基斯坦人的; 巴基斯坦文化的2、N-COUNT A Pakistani is a Pakistani citizen, or a person of Pakistani origin. 巴基斯坦人usu pl41、immigrate /mret/ vi. 移入(immigrating, immigrated, immigrates)V-I If someone immigrates to a particular country, they come to live or work in that country, after leaving the country where they were born. 移居国外; 移民no passive例： .a Russian-born professor who had immigrated to the United States. .一位生于俄罗斯而后来移居到美国的教授。例： He immigrated from India at