词汇辨析34-38.doc

34 associate, ally, combine, unite 这一组词都有“联合”的意思。associate v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接 with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接 in 表示在某个方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church. 在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟，使联姻，多与 with 搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes. 几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。Another ally can do this but not that. 另一个盟国能这样、又不能那样做。He has also proved, far beyond the call of duty, his affection for the US and his loyalty as an ally. 他同时也证明了，他对美国的热爱和作为一个盟友的忠贞，都远远超过了职责要求。I hesitate to even mention this because I believe in the power of one, but you can find an ally to help. 我很犹豫是否提到这个，因为我相信个体的力量。但是你可以找一个同盟者来帮忙。combine v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。（combine sth with sth把和联合起来。）The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough. 小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。unite v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy. 国民团结一致共同对敌。35 applaud, clap, commend, praise 的区别applaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work. 老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打，其用法是 clap ones hand=applaud,不能说 applaud ones hands。clap sb. 为某人鼓掌clap sth. 拍打某物I was about to clap as well, when car headlights from the driveway suddenly arced across the room.我也正要鼓掌，这时私人车道上突然划过一道汽车的灯光，形成弧形掠过房间。commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。（commend sb for doing sth）The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam. 老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。（praise sb for sth因某事而表扬某人）A supervisor praised the employee for her good work. 一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them. 坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。36 assessment, estimate, evaluation 这一组名词都有“评估”的意思。（1）assessment n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。We have a low assessment on our property. 我们对我们的资产评估很低。But how do you really know what exists unless you do an in-depth assessment? 但是，除非您进行深入评估，否则如何真正了解存在什么内容呢？Rational, unemotional, self assessment should tell us whether or not we have the skills and ability to do something. 理性的不参杂感情的自我评价应该能告诉我们自己是否有能力和技巧去做些什么。Every couple goes through a stage of assessment as you figure out if you want to be together: Do you want to live together? 每对伴侣都会经历一个评估阶段，以决定是否想和身边人在一起的时候：你确认想一起生活吗？（2） estimate n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与动词 give 搭配。（名词形式:estimation）The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car. 机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是 200 或 300 美元。（3）evaluation n. (对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。（动词:evaluate）He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research. 他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。Evaluation: What do you have? 评估：您有什么？How will this affect your next performance evaluation?这将如何影响您下一步的性能评价？If the operators all have the same precedence, then the order of evaluation depends on their associativity. 如果所有操作符优先级一样，那么求值顺序就取决于它们的结合性。37average, common, general, universal, usual 这一组形容词都有“普通”的意思。average a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示“平均的”。（on average平均）The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. 跑步者 15 分钟内平均跑两英里。common a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为“平凡的”，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有“公共的，共同的”之意。（have sth in common有共同之处）Car accidents are a common occurrence. 交通事故是很普通的事件。general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为 particular。（in general=generally一般来说）In general, the economy is doing well now. 总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。universal a.普遍的，比 general 语气更强，有“全然没有例外”的意思。Poverty is a universal problem all over the world. 贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。usual a.通常的，惯常的，强调“习惯性的，符合规章制度的”，是个一般用语。（as usual像往常一样）This shop is open for business as usual despite the shortages.尽管商品短缺，这家店还是照常营业了。38award, reward 的用法辨析award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student. 学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。This new invention won the highest award. 这项新发明获得最高奖。However, I do not want to sound like a Hollywood actor accepting an award. 然而，我不想听起来像一个正在接受奖项的好莱坞演员。It is the custom of this academy to make an annual award for outstanding researchers in chemistry. 每年向杰出的化学研究人员发奖是这个学会的惯例。reward v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟 with 用来说明以何物作为报酬。I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog. 我将出 50 美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。He made p