翻译练习版.doc

练习 2.1一、试泽下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义：(1) Aluminum is 1ight and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry.(2) Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract.二、试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义：(1) When sunlight falls on the leaves of plants, it is transformed into chemical energy. (2) There is no physicl contact between workpiece and tool.三、试译下列各句，注意对划线词的词义作专业化引申： (1) Rubber is not hard, it gives way to pressure. (2) For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works.四、试译下列各句，注意对划线词的词义作具体化或形象化引申：(1) There are three things we have to know about every force in or- der to be able to understand the effect it produced.(2) At high frequencies where the integration time is short, results will be displayed in rapid succession and possibly leave insufficient time for the user to record them.五、试译下列各句，注意对划线词的词义作概括化或抽象化引申：(1) There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.(2) The book is perhaps too high-powered for technician in general.2.2一、试译下列各句，注意将划线词转译成动词：(1) By the use of ultrasonic waves, one can find out if there is a flaw in the metal.(2) The positive charges being crowded upon a conductor results in the rise of the potential of the conductor.二、试译下列各句，注意将划线词转译成名词：(1) The instrument is used to determine how fully the batteries are charged.(2) My talk today is about Einsteins Law of Relativity.三、试译下列各句，注意将划线词转译成形容词：(1) The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.(2) The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man.四、试译下列各句，注意将划线词转译成副词：(1) Only when we give full play to mans initiative can we make full use of machines to transform nature.(2) China pays great attention to the environmental protection.2.3一、用顺译法试译下列各句：(1) Computers exist to benefit and assist people, not to replace them.(2) Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the necessary software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on.二、试译下列各句，注意调整语序：(1) The average speed of all molecules remains the same so long as the temperature is constant.(2) Probes are unmanned space-crafts which scientists send to the moon and the planets.(3) Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offersvery little resistance.(4) Gas, oil and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heattreating metal.2.4一、试译下列各句，增加表示名词复数概念的词语：(1) In spite of the difficulties, our task got over well.(2)The computations are so complicated that it would take one human years to work them out.二、试译下列各句，增加表示时态的词语：(1) We shall be working at the workshop from 8 till 10.(2) All radioactive elements are constantly disintegrating.三、试译下列各句，增加表示句子主语的词语：(1) It has been roughly estimated that forty percent of human diseases are the result of infection by bacteria.(2) Whether any of this causes immediate or even cumulative harm is not known.四、试译下列各句，增加原文中省略的词语：(1) Reactions of the first kind are called exothermic reactions and those of second kind endothermic reaction.(2) It is far more difficult to free hydrogen from water than from acid.五、试译下列各句，增加具体化或明确化的词语：(1) Lead causes damage to a persons brain and eventual death.(2) This material is no doubt most suitable for this machine part.六、试译下列各句，增加起语气连贯作用的词语：(1) had there been no electronic computers, there would have been no artificial satellites or rockets.(2) In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second.七、试译下列各句，增加概括性词语：(1) This report summed up the achievements made in electron tubes, semiconductors and components.(2) It is fuuly as important that a machine element be made of a material that has properties suitable for the conditions of service as it is for tha loads and stresses to be accurately determined.2.5一、试译下列各句，注意省略冠词：(1) The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reacting substances.(2) The atmosphere is only about eleven kilometers thick.二、试译下列各句，注意省略代词：(1) Reserachers know much more about AIDS than they did just a few years ago.(2) You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease.三、试译下列各句，注意省略连词：(1) Every scientist will make numerous computations before he can say that the results of his experiments are correct.(2) Helium is a gas which we obtain from the air.四、试译下列各句，注意省略动词：(1) The medium carbon steel has a high melting point.(2) The prospect of future growth of the utilization of visual display units is most promising.五、试译下列各句，注意省略介词：(1) Concrete is good at resisting compression, but it fails under tension.(2) All things in the universe are in constant motion.六、试译下列各句，注意省略引导词：(1) He also said it is easy to make the substance in a lab or factory.(2) It is believed that we shall make full use of die suns energy some day.七、试译下列各句，注意省略同义词或近义词：(1) Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.(2) The change of the earth is slow but, nevertheless, it is continuous. 2.5一、试将下列各否定句译成肯定句：(1)The increase in mass is not appreciable until the velocity approaches that of light.(2) Sulfur was not identified as an element until 1810.二、试将下列各肯定句译成否定句：(1) An animal is dependent on the oxygen which he inhales for his very existence.(2) By itself, concrete is only good at resisting compression, but it fails under tension.翻译练习3.1一、试将下列各被动句译成主动句，原文主语仍译为主语：(1) An instrument used to measure the flow of current in a circuit is called an ammeter.(2) Expert systems using conventional logic have been successfully designed.二、试将下列各被动句译成主动句，原文主语译成宾语：(1) That laser is a new light source is known to us. (2) Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.三、试将下列各被动句译成主动句，并增译主语：(1) All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.(2) To explore the moon s surface, rockets were launched again and again.四、试将下列各被动句译成无主句：(1) In the watch making industry, the tradition of high precision engineering must be kept.(2) If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.五、试译下列各句，注意把主语并人谓语合译：(1) Brief reference should be made here to one of the alkyl oxides.(2) Account should be taken of the low melting point or this substance.六、试将下列it作形式主语的被动句译成主动句：(1) It is estimated that the new synergy between computers and Net technology. will have significant influence on the industry of the future.(2) It has long been known that the electric properties of semiconductors depend very much on their purity.七、试将下列各被动句译成汉语的被动句：(1) Some radio signals are reflected when they meet solid objects.(2) The water is split in the process, producing oxygen and positively charged hydrogen ions.3.2一、试译下列各主语从句：(1) It is known to all why metals have been widely used in industry.(2) That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.二、试译下列各表语从句：(1) This is what the second law of motion means.(2) Another property of acid is that they have ability to combinewith compounds known as bases.三、试译下列各宾语从句：(1) Notice that not all mechanical energy is kinetic energy.(2) The weather forecast says typhoon No. 6 this year will come toour city tomorrow morning.四、试译下列各同位语从句：(1) The general statement can be made that wherever there is motion there is friction.(2) There can be no oubt that genetic engineering is wonderful new tool.3.3一、采用合译法，将下列各定语从句译成“的”字结构的定语。(1) The people who use biometric locks no longer have to worry about forgetting their keys.(2) The system presents an operator with sentence-by-sentence adaption that can be changed immediately.二、采用合译法，将下列定语从句译成简单句中的谓语：(1) Some scientists have described the robot of the future as one that can act independently with the physical world through its senses and actions.(2) About 107 elements have been found, two thirds of which are metals.三、采用分译法，将下列定语从句译成并列分句：(1) A computer is a device that takes in a series of electrical impulses representing information.(2) Bread and potatoes are energy foods which also contain some protein.四、采用分译法，将下列定语从句译成相应的状语从句：(1) We cannot live on the moon, where there is no air and water.(2) The bulb is sometimes filled with an inert gas which permits operation at a higher temperature.五、试译下列各特殊定语从句：(1) Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even related to them.(2) As is known to all, a body at rest will not move unless it is acted upon by a force.3.4一、试译下列各时间状语从句：(1) When fuels bum，chemical energy changes into light and heat energy.(2) Pneumonia was a fatal lung disease before antibiotics came along.二、试译下列各地点状语从句：(1) Wherever the supporting substance material is altered or removed, the ground surface may suvside or collapse.(2) Where internal corrosion is known to exist, the following practices can be employed.三、试译下列各原因状语从句：(1) Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure.(2) Because friction is always present, it naturally causes losses in all types of machines.四、试译下列各结果状语从句：(1) Tire watt is a small unit of power, so that we use die kilowatt instead.(2) The ground water level may rise so high that it becomes injurious to the crops to be grown.五、试译下列各目的状语从句：(1) The structure of the instrument must be designed in such a way that it can stand any vibration.(2) Cables are usually laid underground that their life may be prolonged.六、试译下列各条件状语从句：(1) If two objects on scales are balanced, the attraction between the earth and each of the objects is the same.(2) If all the three sides of a triangle are equal, then all the three angles would be equal too.七、试译下列各让步状语从句：(1) By using radar, objects of all kinds, whether on land,water, or in the air, may be located as to position and distance.(2) Though we can neither see nor smell it, we know there is air all around us.3.5一、试译下列咨句，注意全部否定的译法：(1) Neutrons carry no charge.(2) Rubber does not conduct electricity.二、试译下列各句，注意部分否定的译法：(1) Every machine here is not imported from abroad.(2) In the thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of the fue lis not converted into heat.三、试译下列各句，注意双重否定的译法：(1) One body never exerts a force upon another without the second reacting against the first(2) It is impossible for heat to be converted into a certain energy without something lost.四、试译下列各句，注意意义上肯定的译法：(1) An explosion is nothing more than a tremendously rapid burning.(2) No less than 150 people were injured in the crash.五、试译下列各句，注意含蓄否定的译法：(1) It is gravity that keens us from falline off.(2) The first law of tnermodynamics denies the nosstbtltty of creatingor destroying energy。六、试译下列各句，注意转移否定的译法：(1) After an insulator has been electrified, the electricity does not move through the insulator as it would through a conductor.(2) These free electrons usually do not move in a regular way.3.6一、试译下列咨句，注意数字修饰词的翻译：(1) The oxygen atom is nearly 16times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.(2) The resistivity of iron is almost six times as much as that of copper.二、试译下列各句，注意数量的增加：(1) The amount of coal that is technically and economically recoverable under present conditions is five times as large as the reserves of the crude oil.(2) Iron is almost three times heavier than aluminum.三、试译下列各句，注意数量的减少：(1) The bandwidth was reduced by two-thirds.(2) The depth of water in the first tube is less than half that in the other.3.7使用四字格翻译下列各句中划线的词语：(1) Because of the durability of the metal, a lot about bronze arti-facts is known to us.(2) Copper is an important conductor, both because of its high conductivity and because of its abundance and low cost.3.8一、试用顺序法翻译下列各长句：(1) A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly, and be well versed, in the definitions, formulas as well as the technical teens to the field of mathematics, in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.(2) Being able to receive information from any one of a large number of separate places, carry out the necessary calculations and give the answer or order to one or more of the same number of places scattered around a plant in a minute or two, or even in a few seconds, computers are ideal for automatic control in process industry.二、试用逆序法翻译下列各长句：(1) Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century，because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen，for which it has strong affinity.(2) You must fix in mind the symbols, formulas, definitions andlaws of physics, no matter how complex they may be, when you come in contact with diem, in order that you may understand the subject better and lay a solid foundation for further study.三、试用分句译法翻译下列各长句：(1) The physicians are practicing telemedicine, an emerging hybrid of telecommunications and patient care in which people in medically undeserved areas use ordinary telephone lines to consult with highly trained specialists whom they could not otherwise afford to see.(2) The diode consists of a tungsten filament, which gives off electrons when it is heated, and a plate toward which the electrons migrate when die field is in the right direction.翻译练习试将下列各短文译成汉语：1. Ian Wilmut: Breaking the Clone BarrierIn the closing years of this millennium, a British embryologist named Ian Wihnut set out to improve die productivity of farm animals and alongthe way set off a biological earthquake. The experiment he tenaciously pursued to get a cell from an adult mammal to behave like a cell from adeveloping embryo had long since been abandoned at the major centersof scientific research. Even high school students knew that once mammalian cell had differentiated, and was programmed to be bone and nerveor skin, it could not be deprogrammed.Yet Wilmut did it. From a single mammary cell, taken from an adult ewe, he and his colleagues cloned a sheep called Dolly and introduced to a skeptical world in February 1997.Perhaps it was his isolation in a rural part of Scotland that permitted him to resist the naysayers. Or perhaps it was the isolation of the remote field of animal husbandry that fostered his originality.Wihnut wanted to use his cloning technology to improve livestock. “Ithink we should trust due farmers,” he said. Any experimentation with humans, he believed, should be kept strictly at the level of cells and proteins. It would be ethically unacceptable he said, to use his technique tocreate a human clone.That, however, was the very thing that caught the worlds imagination. Human cloning! The stuff of science fiction seemed about to become reality. Even before other labs had confirmed Wihnuts discovery, an American physicist named Richard Seed proclaimed his intention to clone humans for commercial purposes.Few scientists found Seeds sound bites credible, yet his proclamations laid out a soul shivering truth. Medicine has strong impetus to usethis technology for basic research, for new therapies, to provide solutions to infertility or to “replace” a dying loved one. But medicine is also bound by the traditional precept to do no harm.Dolly shakes our ethical foundations, our social norms, even our religious beliefs. What is the role of clones in society? Can they become human slaves or organ donors? Who are their parents? Who is their family?Human cloning is too profound to be undertaken without time broadest understanding of its implications for our culture, our traditions, our values, our laws and the future of the human gene pool. Its not easy to talkabout Dolly in a world that doesnt share a uniform set of ethical values. Israel, Australia, China and most European countries have prohibited human cloning. Other countries, like the US have not.Will cloning be a technology of time very wealthy and the depraved? Perhaps, like nuclear warfare or human eugenics, the full meaning of cloning will be felt only when we get a taste of its abuse.Do we wait for the first human infant to be produced, in secret, by a Richard Seed or his off shore equivalent? Ian Wihmut says no. Human cloning, he says, should be banned. 2. The Future of the Net EconomyAs we cross the threshold into the next century, human society is beginning its move from die industrial economy into the knowledge-based economy. In more specific terms, the application of information to the economy is best exemplified in the networking of communication, or the so-called Net economy. This Net refers to the computer network of satellites, optical fibers, cables and telephone lines that connect the whole world. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at die dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. Generally, there are two aspects of the Net. One is the networking between businesses and their customers. The other is the networking between individual businesses, or the regional and even global networking between industrial production and scientific research. Internet shopping belongs to the first aspect.From a long-tern perspective, Internet shopping is but a low-level aspect of the Net, and it is not likely to become the most important trend.After all, most merchandise is unsuitable for Internet shopping. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net, what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? Therefore, the second aspect of the Net will bemore important. Its significance goes beyond that of connecting business-es.It is estimated that the new synergy between computer