新概念英语第三册详细教学笔记lesson1 A puma at large.doc

12Lesson 1 A Puma at Large 逃遁的美洲狮Lesson01 APumaatlarge 逃遁的美洲狮Boys and girls, welcome to our new concept english book 3.Please open your textbook at page 14.Lets begin to our lesson one APumaatlarge.If we want to study the text well ,we must be familiar with the words of course. fmili So read these words after me aloud.It is necessary for us to know the vocabulary ,of course i should say .to know the expression after vocabulary .we must learn how to use them .so when we learn a word we must put it in a sentence,and when we study a key structure ,we must put it in a little passage or paragraph.New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里Its about the time to study how to use the words one by one .particularly the important words .so first spot.puma n.美洲狮A.Spot is a transitive word,it means v.看出, 发现 及物= see, pickout, recognize, catch sightof 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现For example .- Atallmaniseasytospotinthecrowd.- Hehasgoodeyeforspottingmistakes.识别错误的洞察力辨析同意词：- find：强调发现的结果 / findout：查出事实真相- discover：表示做出重大发现 make a discover / notice：注意到- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面So please read these words aloud.Besides, You should make sure how to use them.Spot n.斑点- Thereisawhitespotontheshirt.那我们知道，英文中的介词短语浮现率是非常高的，所以英文也经常被称之为介词语言。Ok, do you know how to use on the spot？It has two meanings.重点突出的表达方式，on the spotonthespot有两个含义：1 立刻, 马上（it means atonce, immediately）不正式的表达方式。- Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleaveonthespot.任何一个违反条令的人马上会被请求离开。2 secondly ，it means attheplaceoftheaction 在现场- Whereversheisneeded, sheisquicklyonthespot.迅速赶到现场Ok lets go on to study the next word .B.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）its a uncountable noun.Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然Evidence = proof (n.证据)Ok. Now try to translate the following sentence into Chinese .- Whenthepolicearrived, hehadalreadydestroyedtheevidence.销毁证据The Evidence = means proof (n.证据)Now ,we have got a very good verb phrase with prepositional phrase.,prepzithnl我们有一个非常好的介词短语要介绍给大家。inevidence 显而易见的- Hewasinevidenceattheparty.很突出我们在应用的时候要注意到evidence的形容词 evidentiary 有根据的，证据的；副词evidently 显然地，明显地，清楚地Ok，please read after me .evidence / inevidence 显而易见的/evidentiary ,evidenxri / evidently C.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）this is a transitive and intransitive verb.及物 不及物动词，means make or become greater ,in quantity 数量or quality 质量Listen to me ,of course you can predict the listening where we should learning in the textbooks. - Astheevidenceaccumulates, expertsfromthezoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.随着证据的积累，动物园的专家们觉得有必要要进行调查了。同义词Gather vt. 及物transitive verb 、 聚集, 把某人召集在某处- The teacher gathered his students in the classCollect vt.搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps?集邮 Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）Assemble semb()l v.t集合, 集会 / 装配- A large number of people assemble on the square.扩充。Hoard hod vt. 大量的储存 （- hoardup = storeup 储藏）Now listen to me and try to translate my sentence to chinese .- Thesquirrel skwi r()l hoardsupnutsforthecoldwinter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）（- hoardup = storeup 储藏）amass ms vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）means come together - The clouds amassed above the hills 云在山顶聚集Lets study the next word,D.Oblige blaidj v.使感到必须this is a transitive verb,it means make sb feel its necessary to do sth.主要用于过去分词形式短语feelobligedtodosth 感觉有必要做某事- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）beobligedtodosth 被迫做某事- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts det off.（debt n.债务）pay off 偿还Everybody ? Remember？E.hunt is verb and noun .v.n.追猎, 寻找 （huntfor）- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.runafter 强调追赶, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue psjuv.追寻(理想)比hunt 要更强烈chase tfeis v.追赶 追逐；追赶；追击（- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）Ok ,so much for this word.blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果humanbeing 人类F.corner corner IS a noun we have learned it . n.角落 - atthecornerofthestreet - inthecorneroftheroom - onthecornerofthedeskBesides.the word corner is a transitive verb. It means make sb. Or sth. Into a difficult or a dangerous position. v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态- Thethiefwascorneredatlast - Theproblemcorneredme.引申含义 /问题难道我们了。 G.Trail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）Ok，translate my sentence.- Thepolicetrailedthecriminalkrimin()ltotheplacewherehewashiding（criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕H.Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）intransitive verb 抱有，怀有- Sheisalwaysclingingtohermother. - Heclungtothehopethathewouldsucceed. 他怀有成功的希望辨析stick v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 invilpstickto坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.许诺 sticky adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers）The next important word, i should say . you must be quite sure how to use the word convince.I.convince transitive verb v.使信服call sb. To Believe or feel certain .主要结构1convincesb ofsth - I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。2 和宾语从句结构搭配。beconvinced that 如果我们要强调这样的引语句结构，动物园的专家们相信了这个动物就是美洲狮、我们没有提到使之相信，而只是相信了，所以没有宾语的情况下，要采用主系表结构，也就是be convinced.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma. - I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的） J.somehow adv.不知怎么地, 不知什么原因,无论如何Means = bysomemeans, insomeway, forsomereasonunknown- Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。We must tell the difference between somewhat and somehow. Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= alittle）- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）K.disturb v.令人不安This is a transitive verb. It means Called a person to Be annoyed ,to be worried ,to be upset ,to be anxious.You disturbed me .你让我很不安。形容词形式有两种disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的Surprise surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的, 野生的investigate v.调查, 研究description n.描写, 描述extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外similar adj.相似的, 类似的attack vt.攻击difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点rabbit n.兔, 野兔paw n.手掌, 手爪fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛bush n.矮树丛fully adv.充分地, 完全地collector n.收藏家, 征收者So much for vocabulary ,and then lets go on to learn the passage .Text 课文A.A puma at large .at first ,i think you must want to learn how to use at large.atlarge 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 - The thief is still at large逍遥法外at large 详细地（= indetail）n.细节, 详情 - I need talk to you at largeat large 总体来讲（= asawhole）- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）都渴望学好英语In the text ,The first paragraph is very important . Because in the first paragraph,the writer had sum up what had happened ,how and why.英文表达方式中作者最先呈现的是事件的结果。在议论文写作中药注意把握观点，即topic，和中文写作风格有所不同。Ok.，lets study the wonderful sentence in this line .According this sentence we know pumas are found in america .B.Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.句子的主干Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimals，而which所引导的定语从句来修饰说明animals.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）英文擅长用长句，特别在书面语言中，中文擅长用短句。Well, lets make a sentence .熊猫是猫一样的动物，产于亚洲。- Pandasarelargecat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAsia. eix（panda n.熊猫）cat-like 合成词、 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的，逼真的C.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.Maybe its a little difficult for some students,now ,let me reorganize the piece of structure 让我们重新组装这个结构。Whenreportsthatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon cameintoLondonZoo.这里的that引导的从句讲诉了report 的基本内涵及内容；所以它是report的同位语。一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前,以避免头重脚轻。Well, some students might cant tell the difference between those two kinds of clauses.(adjective clauses 定语从句& appositive clause同位语从句 )1 定语从句adjective clauses只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰- 定语从句的引导词：- 指人：主语who；宾语who, whom；定语whose- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why2 同位语从句appositive clause则是讲述被修饰名词的内容可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。- 同位语从句的引导词：- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which- 时间：when；地点：where- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句Ok，please try to translate the following sentences and you should consider what we should use ,which or that .她想到了一个主意，就是要以另一种方式来做这个实验。In fact ，we have got the information of the idea .事实上，我们对idea这个词来判断，这是个同位语从句。- Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.套用本句型的句子结构，把谓语动词调到从句之前。我不知道究竟发生了什么。- Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.这里要注意，在定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，而what 可以引导同位语从句D.Well , Please pay more attention to the following sentence.theywerenottakenseriously（they指代reports）看清上下文代词they指代着什么，they refers to reports.这些报告并没有收到人们很认真的对待。takesth seriously = it means dealwithsth seriously 认真地对待某事Eg - I always take your suggestions seriously.takesth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）- Dont take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）E.Ok , lets move back to line 4.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate, forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.However adv.然而(起转折作用) 要依据上下文， 表示与所遇到的情况恰恰相反Thats say,even through the report werenot takenseriously ,the expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate astheevidencebegantoaccumulate.虽然这些报告没有受到人们的重视，但随着证据的积累，动物园的专家们还是有必要进行调查。However 也就表示专家还是开始调查了。astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,As 连词：随着, 当.之时过去分词做定语：- the descriptions given by people whoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.Given by people 修饰description - the story told by the sailor (seiln.海员, 水手, 船员)- a book written by Luxunclaimtohavedonesth 声称曾经做过某事- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.F.Well ，this is the first paragraph.in the second paragraph ,the writer expounded 阐述how the experts hunt the puma in details .Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessawalargecatonlyfiveyardsawayfromher.So we know a woman saw alargecat like animal in a small village and The hunt for the puma began pick it .这位女士发型了这个美洲豹，猎捕行动也就在这个村庄里实施了。我们首先还是要把握定语从句的进一步用法。Where a woman picking 定语从句 awomanpickingblackberriessawalargecat inasmallvillage in a small village 做地点状语。用关系词where 引导。Well ，try to translate my sentence ,我依旧还记得我学英语时的那个学校。- IstillremembertheschoolwhereIstudiedEnglish.And the puma was not far from her .onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.只有五码远的距离。G.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattack ahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Well， this sentence is very important ,Confirm = besure = becertain (confirm vt.确定)expertsbe sure thatapumawillnotattack ahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非) if not 如果不是被逼走投无路，他是不会伤害人类的。- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.H.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.search = hunt why ？forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.so ,it was very difficult for the experts to hunt puma .I.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.这里出现了三个it ，Whereveritwent，it refers to puma ;itleftbehindit,两个it 均指代puma.由于宾语过长，atrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.置于句末。leftbehindit置于定语之前把某物留在后面：leavebehind伤员所到之处都留下一道道血迹。- Wherever he went, the wound soldiers left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）J.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。It is unnecessary to point out who found Pawprints- clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补。强调正粘在灌木丛上。Ok，lets try to trans the sentence to the active voice变成主动语态。Pumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes. （被动） We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）添加主语we我们看到这个小女孩正缠着她的妈妈。We found the little girl clinging to her mother .The girl was found clinging to her mother .(被）well ，dont you think it is easy ?K.Severalpeoplecomplainedofcat-likenoisesatnightandabusinessmanonafishingtrip plainof/aboutsth 抱怨某事abusinessmanonafishingtrip sawthepumaupatree.onafishingtrip 介词短语修饰businessmanon+名词：强调动作正在进行- ontherise 在上升 / ontheincrease 在增加- onthewatch 在观看 / onthematch 在比赛中- onthefishingtrip 在钓鱼的途中 / onholiday 在度假L.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcome from?Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）修饰convinced，means = completely = entirely butwherehaditcomefrom?M.Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.sth be inthepossessionofsb = sth be insbspossession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)这辆漂亮的车是属于我的。- Thebeautifulcarisinmypossession.= The beautiful car is inthepossessionofme.Sb be inpossessionofsth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)主动概念我拥有这辆漂亮的车。- Iaminpossessionofthebeautifulcar.（in possession of 做表语）- Thepersoninpossessionofthebighouseisexcited. （in possession of 做定语）takepossessionof 拥有及物动词短语表示拥有N.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）O.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.It 做形式主语，而真正主语是that所引导的从句，为保持句式平衡。Itisdisturbingtothinkthat. 一想到就心理不安- Itisdisturbingtothinkthat I fail my examinationSo， what make you disturbed?the fail of my examinationinthequietcountryside 在宁静的山村after the text ,you d better recite 背诵the first paragraph After reading it over and over again ,And complete the exercises summary writing and composition,special difficulties and multiple choice questions.回顾本课重点短语。Ok ，lets review the expressions we have hearned.atlarge 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 at large 详细地（= indetail）n.细节, 详情 at large 总体来讲（= asawhole）takesth seriously 认真地对待某事takesth lightly 草率地对待某事 claimtohavedonesth 声称曾经做过某事Confirm = besure = becertain (confirm vt.确定)把某物留在后面：leavebehindCling to 粘；依附于complainof/aboutsth 抱怨某事sth be inthepossessionofsb = sth be insbspossession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)Sb be inpossessionofsth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)主动概念takepossessionof 拥有及物动词短语表示拥有awomanpickingblackberries一个正在采黑莓的女士。feltobligedtoinvestigate感到有必要进行调查。abusinessmanonafishingtrip一个正在钓鱼的商人。wentonforseveralweeks持续了几周的时间We should finish our exercises.please oped your book at page 16Special difficulties 难点ExercisesA1.at/for 2.to 3.to 4.in 5.onExercisesB1.Heisthemanwehaveheardaboutsomuch.2.Theshelfyouputthosebooksonhascollapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）3.Whomdidyoureceivealetterfrom?特殊疑问句中whom不能省略（本句）。定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介