八年级上册知识点讲解.doc

八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组和句型Units 1-2知识讲解1. hardly 几乎不 hardly ever很少She hardly ever eats junk food. 含hardly、never的反义疑问句中，附加问句用肯定形式。It hardly rains here, does it?2. as for 就而言,至于，关于 as for sth./ doing sth 至于 As for eating, I like healthy food. As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。3. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如:Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？ The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。4. She says its good for my health . be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for.（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如： Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。5. surf the Internet 上网冲浪 on the Internet 上网， 通过网络6. on weekends 在周末 = on the weekend =at the weekend7. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思 try doing sth. 表示“ （用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。8. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事9.Good food and exercise help me to study better . help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级10. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? be the same as / be different from 11. I think Im kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little 但 a kind of 意思是“一种”12. What sports do you play ? A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy13.问频率how often 多久一次twice a week 一周两次 once a year 一年一次 three times a week 一周三次 four times a month 一个月四次 three times a day 一天三次表频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never有关How的问句： How often do you exercise? Once a month 一月一次How many times do you watch TV? OneHow long 多久，多长时间- （For ）+ 一段时间How soon 还要多快 - In +一段时间 （常用于将来时）How far 多远 - Six kilometers away （from）How many hours do you sleep? (For) Nine hours.once or twice 一两次 at once马上、立刻14. go to the movies 去看电影 watch TV 看电视 15. be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长be good with 和相处得好16. sometimes 有时 sometime某时，（指过去或未来的某个时候）some times 几次，几倍 some time一段时间17. exercise = take exercise = do sports=play sports 锻炼She exercises once a day.= She does exercise once a dayexercise作名词 表“运动，锻炼” 是不可数名词；表“体操，眼保健操”是可数名词。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。18. of course = certainly = sure 当然19. look after = take care of 照顾 look after well = take good care of照顾好look at 看 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找 look up 查找 look over 检查（身体） look the same 看上去一样20. keep healthy=stay healthy =keep/stay in good health 保持健康health n.健康 healthy adj.健康的=be in good health healthily adv. eat healthily 健康地吃 unhealthy adj. an unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活方式have a healthy lifestyle 拥有健康的生活方式21. eating habit 饮食习惯 be a good habit to do sth. 做某事是一个好习惯 22. get good grades 取得好成绩 23. be different from 与什么不同 be the same as 与什么相同different adj.不同的 difference n. 可数名词 不同点the difference between and 在 与之间的不同点make a big difference 有很大不同、对很重要 24. although = though “虽然，即使” 常放于句首。Although he is old, yet he is quite strong. 句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so. 25.a lot of = lots of 许多+不可数名词或可数名词的复数 同义： many + 可数名词复数-（反义）few much + 不可数名词 -（反义）little （肯定含义）a few 一些 （否定含义）few 几乎没有 + 可数名词复数（肯定含义）a little 一点点 （否定含义）little几乎没有 + 不可数名词He has a few friends, but little money.26. many/much的比较级: more 最高级: most little less least few fewer fewest You should eat more vegetables and less meat.27.too many + 可数名词复数 （太多） too much + 不可数名词 （太多） much too + 形容词 （太） He is much too unhealthy, he has too much meat.28.junk food 垃圾食品 healthy food 健康食品 29.sleep for nine hours 睡九个小时30. want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事31. try to do sth. 尽量做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事do /try one best to do sth. 尽全力做.Lets try our best to help them. 32.help sb (to) do sth =help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb out 帮某人克服、摆脱困难33. shop = go shopping = do some shopping 购物34. all, most, some, no most of the students = most students 大多数学生 35. some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 give advice 提出建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议36.What is your favourite program? ( 同义句) What program do you like best? 37.the result s for .的结果是 The result s for “watch TV” are interesting. the result of 是.的结果 Here are the results of the survey.38.pretty =rather=very=quite 非常，相当39.improve oneself in 在某方面提高自己40.get back =be back =come back =return (to) sw 回来，返回 get back 取回，拿回41.maybe 和 may be 也许，大概 may + 动词原形 He may be in the room. = Maybe he is in the room.42.not.until 直到 （否定句） 才动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up. =He didnt go shopping until /before he got up. until/till 直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.43.看病用语 (同义句) Whats the matter (with sb.)? 怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with sb.)?= Whats wrong (with sb.)? = Whats up (with sb.)? = Is there anything wrong (with sb.)? Im not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服。= Im feeling ill/ sick. = I feel terrible/ bad.= I dont feel well I have a stomachache. 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache. =(There is) something wrong with my stomach.= My stomach hurts. = I have (got) a pain in my stomach=Something is wrong with my stomachache.44. I have a cold and a cough.我感冒、咳嗽。 have a cold/ stomachache/ toothache/ fever/ sore throat 感冒/胃痛/牙痛/发烧/喉咙痛 have a high fever 发高烧 I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。a lot of 很多 、很厉害 45. have/drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜜的热茶 with 和具有,含有 用 a city with many flowers see with our eyes 46.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。 47. see a dentist/ doctor 看牙医/医生48. feel /get /be stressed out 压力大 ,紧张的 别紧张 Dont be stressed out49. feel 觉得，get 变, stay 保持, keep 保持， sound 听起来是系动词，常和形容词连用。如：feel happy, get tired, stay / keep healthy50. at the moment = now 此刻，常和现在进行时连用51. lie down and have a good rest 躺下好好休息 52. for example 例如53. Its important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食很重要。 a balanced died 平衡饮食 54.stressed out 压抑；筋疲力尽 Im stressed out. 我压力太大。55. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进56. I really need some conversation practice. 我真的需要一些对话练习。 conversation practice 对话练习 57. I have no idea. = I dont know. 我不知道。Im sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难过。58. Its + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事怎么样。 Its important to eat a balanced diet. 均衡饮食很重要。59. yang foods 阳性食物 60. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。61. 表建议 You should drink more water. You shouldnt eat more.情态动词should 与 shouldnt 表建议62.身体各部位名称 tooth n. 复数形式 teeth foot n. 复数形式 feet 63. I think so. 我认为如此。 （否定句）I dont think so.Unit 3知识讲解一重点短语归纳1.go camping 去野营2.go shopping 去购物3.go skateboarding 去滑滑板4.go swimming 去游泳5.go boating 去划船6.go skating 去滑冰7.go hiking (in the mountains) 去山上徒步旅行/远足8.go climbing 去登山9.go fishing 去钓鱼10.go bike riding / cycling 骑自行车旅行11.go sightseeing 去观光12.visit my grandma/ cousins/ my friends in Hong Kong 拜访我的祖母/堂兄弟/香港的朋友13.spend time with friends 和朋友度过14.babysit her sister 照顾她的妹妹15.relax at home 在家休息16.go to sports camp 去运动野营17.go to the beach 去沙滩18.for vacation 度假19.go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一个星期20.go away 离开21.(for) too long 太久22.how long多长（时间）23.have a good time/ have fun 玩得开心24.get back to school/ home 回学校/回家25.stay for three weeks 呆三个星期26.take walks / take a walk 散步27.rent videos 租录像带28.a famous French singer 一个著名的法籍歌手29.take a long vacation 度长假30.take vacations in Europe 在欧洲度假31.think about/ of 考虑/思考32.something different/ interesting/ important 一些不同的/ 有趣的/ 重要的东西33.spend time in the beautiful countryside 在美丽的乡村度过34.forget all the problems 忘记所有的问题35.sleep a lot 多睡觉36.cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事37.a good place to go sightseeing一个观光的好地方38.leave for Italy/ Greece/ Spain/ Europe 离开/出发去意大利/希腊/西班牙/欧洲39.places to visit in China 在中国参观的地方40.plan my vacation to Italy 计划去意大利度假41.the first week in June 六月的第一周42.leave for 离开/出发去43. rent videos to sb. 租碟片给某人 rent videos from sb. 从某人那租碟片二固定结构1. show sb. sth. 让某人看某物= show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看 He showed me a postcard from Hong Kong yesterday.= He showed a postcard to me from Hong Kong yesterday. 2. send sb. sth. 寄给某人某物= send sth. to sb. 寄某物给某人 My friends sent me a letter just now.= My friends sent a letter to me just now.3. think about/ of sth./ doing sth. 考虑某事/考虑做某事 He often thinks about going to Europe for vacation.4. decide on sth. 决定某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 They will decide on the case(案件) tomorrow. He decided to go sightseeing at last.5. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 She planned to go to Greece for vacation.6. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事= forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 Dont forget to close the door when you leave the classroom.= I forget going to Spain before.7. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事= remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 Remember to bring your book here tomorrow. He remembered calling you just now.8. finish sth./ finish doing sth. 完成某事/完成做某事 Do you finish your homework? When did you finish doing your homework?9. need to do sth. 需要做某事 We need to go home early.10. leave for + 地名离开/出发去 leave A for B 离开A地去B地 My parents and I are leaving (here) for Beijing tomorrow. My uncle will leave Beijing for Tokyo tomorrow.11. have a good time/ have fun 玩得开心 enjoy oneself We had a good time/ had fun last night. = We enjoyed ourselves last night. I hope you can have a good time/ have fun. = I hope you can enjoy yourself/ yourselves.三重点句子1. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期打算做什么？ I am babysitting my sister. 我打算照顾我的妹妹。2. Where is he going? 他要去哪？ He is going to Italy. 他打算去意大利。3. When is he going? 他什么时候要去？ He is going on the 11th./ in December. 他打算11号去/12月去。4. Who is she going with? 她打算和谁去？ She is going with her parents. 她打算和她的父母亲去。5. How long are they staying in Tibet? 他们准备在西藏呆多久？ They are staying for three weeks. 他们打算呆三个星期6. That sounds nice. 听起来好极了。1. sound 在句中是连系动词，意为“听起来”，其后面通常跟形容词作表语。如Her voice sounds very sweet. 她的声音听起来很甜美。 The story sounds very interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。 2） sound 也可用作名词，意为“声音”，如： I heard the sound of running water. 我听到了流水的声音。7. I dont like going away for too long. 我不喜欢离开太久。 like to do sth./ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事8. I know there are many people there （who speak French.） 我知道那儿有许多说法语的人。 Who speak French 为定语从句，用来修饰先行词 people 的。当先行词为人物时，定语从句必须由关系代词 who 来引导。 I know the girl（ who comes from Spain in his class.） 我认识他班里那个来自西班牙的女孩。 Do you know the man （who is fishing）? 你认识那个正在钓鱼的人吗？9. He planned to have a very relaxing vacation. 他计划度过一个轻松的假期。 plan to do sth. 计划做某事10. I just finished making my last movie. 我刚制作完了我最后的一部电影。 finish doing sth. 完成做某事11. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing. 我听说泰国是个观光的好地方。 a good place to go sightseeing 一个观光的好地方12. I want to ask you about places to visit in China. 我想问你有关可在中国参观的地方。 want to do sth. 想做某事 ask sb. about sth. 问某人有关某事13. I am planning my vacation to Italy this weekend. 我打算这个周末去意大利度假。 plan my vacation to Italy 计划去意大利度假 = plan to go to Italy for vacation14. What should tourist take with them? 游客必须带什么（在身上）呢？ take sth with sb. 带某物在身上/随身带某物 Its going to rain. Please take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。请带上一把雨伞。 They take some money with them. 他们随身带着些钱。15.get back = return 回来、回去，类似的还有come back, be back, go back等。如：When did you come back home ? 你是什么时候回到家的？16.make a movie 拍电影 英语中make相关的动词短语很常用，如： Make money 赚钱 make tea 沏茶、泡茶make peace 讲和 make the bed 整理床铺make noise 发出噪音 make friends with 和交朋友 make a fire 生火 make up ones mind 下决心四知识结构 What are you doing for vacation? 你打算/准备/计划假期做些什么？ I am going sightseeing. 我打算/准备/计划去观光。eg.1. I am visiting him tomorrow. 我明天要去拜访他。 2. He is leaving for Italy in three days. 他三天后要出发去意大利 3. Are they coming this afternoon? 他们今天下午会来吗？ “be + 动词-ing”1)“be + 动词-ing”表示动词的现在进行时，指正在进行或发生的动作或事情。如：He is doing his homework. 他正在做作业。2)“be + 动词-ing”也可以表示近期的计划或马上要发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。She is leaving for Shanghai this evening. 他打算今晚动身去上海。They are taking a long vacation this summer. 他们打算今年夏天度一个长假。Unit 4 知识讲解【重要词汇概览】subwayn.地铁，地下火车trainn.火车minuten.分钟kilometern.公里，千米quickadj.快的，迅速的halfn.一半，二分之一pastprep.在时间上超过，在.之后，经过stopn.车站transportationn.运送，运输northn.北部，北方adj.北部的，北方的dependv.依靠，依赖mustaux.v.必须，一定要bicyclen.自行车illadj.生病的，不健康得worryv.担心，担忧，焦虑【重要词组概览】growup长大，成长takesb.sometimetodosth.花费某人某些时间去做某事incommon共有，相同leavefor离开去某地travelabroad去国外旅游godownto延续至；走下去mostof大多数的someof一些takethesubway乘坐地铁howfar多远busstation汽车站busride乘汽车之行schoolbus校车comeback回来takethetrain乘坐火车takethebus乘坐公共汽车gettoschool到校byboat乘坐小船walktoschool步行去上学from.to.从.到.halfpastsix六点半dependon依靠，依赖bedifferentfrom和.不同haveto不得不【语法知识聚焦】1.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人某些时间去做某事例如：Ittookthepeoplealotoftimetogettothemountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。Ittakesmetwentyminutestogettoschoolonfooteverymorning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。Itwilltakethreehourstofinishthework.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。 动词take还有其他词义；例如：1)得到；获得Youhavetotakeitasyoufindit.对这个你只得将就些算了。2)拿；握住；抓住Themothertookherchildbythehand.母亲拉着孩子的手。3)取走，拿走Takethisshoppinghome.把这件买的东西拿回家。Thefoodshereareallfree-takeanyyoulike.这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。Whohastakenmychocolate?谁拿了我的巧克力？4)乘，坐，搭（车、船）Shallwegobybusortakeacab?我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?totakeabustowork乘公共汽车上班5)吃；喝；服用；吸入Takeyourmedicine.把药服下。6)进行；作；为totakeawalk散步Ifyoudonttake/getmoreexerciseyoullgetfat.你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。Thestategovernmenthasdecidedtotakea50%cutofoilprofits.州政府决定抽取石油利润的百分之五十。Wemusttakealonghardlookattheirsuggestion.他们的建议我们要好好研究一番。totakealookaround 在附近看看7)测出，量出Takeyourtemperature. 量一量你的体温。8)减掉，去掉Ifyoutake4from10,youhave6. 十减去四剩六。9)懂得；了解Doyoutakeme? 你懂我的意思吗？10)攻读，修（课）Didyoutakehistoryatschool? 你在学校上过历史课吗？11)吸引；着迷Heisreallytakenbythelittledog. 他对小狗着了迷。12)持续，花费（时间）Justaminute,itwonttakemelongtochange. 等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。Thisnewpain-killerdoesnttakelongtoactonthepain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。13)照像，拍照Thistime,hemanagedtoclimbintothemouthofKiturosothathecouldtakephotographsandmeasuretemperatures. 这次他设法爬进了基特罗火山口,以便能拍到照片,测量温度。Ihadmypicturetakenthismorning. 今天早晨我照了像。2. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问 I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot .How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Dont worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first , next . Then .3.dependv.依靠，依赖1)depend（常与on,upon连用）视情况而定Italldependsonhowyoutackletheproblem. 那要看你如何应付这问题而定。2)（常与on连用）信任，信赖；需要Ihaventacar,Ihavetodependonthebuses. 我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。Childrenmustdependontheirparents. 孩子们必须依赖他们的父母Youcandependonhishonesty. 你可以相信他的诚实dependon依靠；由.而定,取决于；从属于；依赖其维持dependupon依靠；由.而定,取决于；从属于；依赖其维持4.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .Must be 表肯定推测。否定推测用cant be The man must be her father. 那人一定是她父亲。Lilei cant be in the classroom. 李雷不可能在教室里。5.How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问 It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus . How long does t take you to get from home to school ?It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事It takes me two hours to read English every day .我每天花两小时读英语。6. How far is it from your home to school ? Its three miles . How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school . 疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问7. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的8. A small number of students take the subway . a number of = many 许多 a lot of a number ofmany much Unit 5知识讲解一重点词组1. come to the party 来（参加）聚会2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午3. How / What about you? 你怎样？ 4. Id love / like to. 我（很）乐意/愿意。5. study for a test 复习考试6.take/ have a (piano) lesson