代词考点透视.doc

代词考点透视一、人称代词的用法人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语或表语。May I borrow it, please? 我可以借它吗？I can look after her. 我能照看她。特别提醒 I与其他名词或代词并列使用时，一般须放在最后。但是，第一人称代词复数we则不受此限制。Lucy and I go to school six days a week. 露西和我每周上六天学。巧记口诀 主在谓语前，宾在动介后。二、物主代词的用法1.形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, our, their, its等在句中作定语，后跟名词。Im your new teacher this term. My name is Wu Jun. This is our first lesson. 这学期我是你们的新老师。我叫吴军。这是我们的第一课。This is a bird, Its name is Polly. 这是一只鸟。它的名字叫波莉。2.名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语。Is this sweater yours? 这件毛衣是你的吗？No, its not mine. I think its hers. Mine is here. 不是我的。我想是她的。我的在这里。He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。特别提醒 汉语口语中常说“我父亲”、“你弟弟”、“他妹妹”等, 英语中必须使用物主代词，如my father, your brother, his sister.汉语中有不用物主代词的习惯，英语中则要使用物主代词。他晚上做功课。He does his lessons in the evening.下列短语中物主代词一般不可省略：all one s life 一生; 终生 change ones mind 改变想法(主意)come into ones mind 想起 do ones best 尽力; 竭尽全力do ones homework 做家庭作业 fire ( ones gun ) at 向开枪follow ones example 以为榜样 lose ones life 丧生make up ones mind 下决心，决定 on ones way to (home) 在某人去(回家)的路上put up ones hand (s) 举手 stay on ones feet 站着take ones time 不急; 慢慢干 to ones surprise 使某人惊奇的是with ones help 在(某人)帮助下三、反身代词的用法1.反身代词作“自己”解，常用在buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after等动词后作宾语，表示动作回到主语本身，即句子的主语和宾语是同一人或事物。She didnt hurt herself, thank goodness. 谢天谢地，她没有伤着自己。2.反身代词作主语、宾语或表语的同位语，意为“亲自”、“本人”，起强调作用，其位置较灵活。She told me the news herself. 她亲自告诉我这消息。3.作表语，表示身体“正常”；“常态”。He is not quite himself today. 他今天不大舒服。4.记住下列短语中须用反身代词：help yourself/yourselves to. 请随便吃enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下all by oneself 独自地；孤独的四、疑问代词的用法疑问代词what, which, who, whom, whose等一般放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句，可作主语，宾语、表语或定语。What has happened? 发生了什么事？(作主语)What do English people eat? 英国人吃什么？(作宾语)Which is your favorite? 你最喜欢的是哪一个？(作表语) What class are you in? 你在哪个班？(作定语)特别提醒 1. what和which作定语的区别是，which用于在一定范围内的人或事物中进行选择；而what则没有此限制。Which do you like best, pears, apples or oranges?2. What about.？用来“征求意见”或“询问消息”。What about going to fly kites? 去放风筝好吗？3. how many + 可数名词，how much +不可数名词How many bananas can you see on the desk? 你看到桌上有多少香蕉？How much money do you have? 你有多少钱？4. whatever “无论什么”，用来加强语气。Dont change your mind, whatever happens. 无论发生什么事情，你都不要改变主意。五、指示代词的用法1.作主语、宾语、表语或定语。This is my book. 这是我的书。Do you like this? 你喜欢这个吗？That book is mine. 那本书是我的。What I want is this? 我要的就是这个。2. this / these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物；而that / those常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are very busy these days.3. this / these可指后面要讲到的事情，而that / those常指前面提到过的事物。John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. Im afraid I cant do that.(that指上句提到的help him with his lessons)4. that / those可用来指代前面提到的名词。This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.这本书不如我昨天看过的那本有趣。(that指代the book)5. 在打电话时，常用that询问对方是“谁”，用this介绍自己是“谁”。Is that Mrs Black speaking ? 你是布莱克夫人吗？Yes, Whos that ? 是的，你是哪一位？This is Mary, Mrs Black.我是玛丽，夫人。六、不定代词的用法1.some和any表示“一些”。(1) some和any可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的或未知的数量数目。some通常用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。I can see some flowers. 我能看到一些花。I havent any brothers. 我没有兄弟。Is there any tea in the cup? 杯子里有茶吗？If any beast comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 如果有野兽向你扑来，我会帮助你。(2) some可用在表示邀请或请求的句子中，表示希望对方给予肯定回答。Would you like some bananas?(邀请)Bananas, Mmm, Id love some.May I ask you some questions? (请求)(3) any用于肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)的”。You may come at any time. 你随便什么时候来都可以。2. each与every表示“每一”。(1) each强调“个别”，可单独使用，也可修饰单数名词或跟of表语结构，作主语、宾语或同位语；every修饰单数名词，强调“整体”，相当于汉语的“每个都”，只作定语。Each has his merits. 各有所长。He fills each of the stockings with Christmas presents. 他把每只袜子都装满圣诞礼物。(2) each表示两个以上中的“每个”；every表示三个以上中的“每个”。There is a line of trees on each side of the river. 河的两边各有一行树。Every student in the class likes English. 班上每个学生都喜欢英语。(3) everyone与every one的区别everyone意为“每人”，“人人”，只指人，不指物，后面不能跟of短语；every one意为“每个”，通常用来指物，后面可以跟of短语。Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗？His books are wonderful. I have read every one of them.他的书很精彩，每一本我都读了(4) everyday与every day的区别everyday是形容词，意思是“每天的”，“日常的”，只能作定语; every day是副词，意思是“每天”，作状语。everyday life日常生活；everyday English日常用英语；everyday clothes便服We have English lessons everyday. 我们每天都上英语课。(5) every及其所构成的复合代词everybody, everyone, everything与单数谓语动词连用，但常用they, them, their来指代。Everybody thinks theyre different from everybody else. 每个人都认为自己与其他人不同。(6)“every + 基数词 + 复数名词”或“every + 序数词 + 单数名词”表示“每隔”，译成汉语减去一。every three days / every third day每隔两天I go to Italy every six weeks. 我每隔五周去一次意大利。Write on every other line. 隔行书写。3. no和none表示“无”，“没有”。no = not a, not any, 作定语，后跟可数名词或不可数名词；none后跟of短语，在句中作主语或宾语，表示“没有任何东西或人”。I have no choice. 我没有选择余地。None of us can do this. 我们当中没有人能做这事。I 特别提醒 (1) nobody, no one, nothing只能单独使用，后面不跟of短语。他们当中没有人会讲日语。误：Nobody of them can speak Japanese.正：Nobody can speak Japanese.正: None of them can speak Japanese.(2) nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作简略答语，一般情况下，nothing回答what问句； nobody和no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句。Whats in the box ? 盒子里有什么？ Nothing. 什么也没有。Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里？Nobody / No one. 没有人。How many people are there in the park? 公园里有多少人？None.没有人。4. all , both, whole表示“都”，“全部”。(1) both指两个人或物，而all指三个以上的人或物，在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或定语。Both of us want to go. 我们两人都想去。All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作。(2) both和all都可直接修饰名词；名词前如有限定词时，其前只能用both of或all of。Both brothers are clever. 兄弟俩都聪明。Both of the books are useful.两本书都有用。(3) both和all在句中的位置是位于be动词之后，行为动词之前，如有情态动词或助动词，则位于情态动词或助动词与主动词之间。We are all here. 我们都来了。We both like to go. 我们都想去。They have all finished their homework .他们都完成了家庭作业。特别提醒(1) both的反义词是neither, all的反义词是none。Both of us are not doctors. 我们俩并非都是医生。 (部分否定)Neither of us is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。(全部否定)All of the books are not helpful. 并非所有这些书都对人有帮助。(部分否定)None of the books are helpful. 所有这些书都无益处。(全部否定)(2) all与whole的区别all与whole在表示“整体的”、“全部的”意思时，用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前；而whole则要置于这些限定词之后。试比较：all my life all the worldmy whole life the whole world(3) both和and并列相同词类的词。She can both sing and dance.He teaches both English and French.Both Jack and John are workers.5. neither表示“(两者)都不”；either表示“两者之一”或“(两者中的)任何一个”，只用于单数名词之前，of + 宾格人称代词或带限定词的复数名词前，作主语、宾语或定语。Neither of us likes singing.我们俩都不喜欢唱歌。Either of you could do it. 你们俩谁做都可以。6. another, other(s), the other(s), else等表示“另外”。(1) another表示不定数目中的另一个，意思是“再一”，“又一”，一般接单数名词。Lucy, would you like another cake? 露西，你想再要一块蛋糕吗？I dont like this one, please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个。请拿另一个给我看看。如果another后有few或数词时，可接复数名词。He will be back in another ten days.他再过10天才会回来。one another作“相互”、“彼此”解，指三者以上的“相互”；each other指两者以上的“相互”。The three children enjoy playing with one another.这三个孩子喜欢在一起玩。(2) other泛指“其他的”，“另外的”，可接复数名词，复数形式others表示“另一些”；each other“互相”。Do you have any other questions? 你还有别的问题吗？Give me some other examples. 给我另外再举些例子。We love each other.我们互相爱护。(3) the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one.the other结构；the others特指一定范围内的“其余的人或物”。I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.我有10支铅笔。两支红色的，其余的是蓝色的。(4) else与other同意，但只能用在不定代词和疑问代词之后，其所有格形式为elses。Would you like anything else? 你不要别的什么吗？What else did he say? 他还说了些什么？(5) 表示“三者以上的另外一个”，常用one.another.another或one.another.the other。There are three pencils on the desk. One is red, another is yellow, another (the other ) is green.7. many, much, a lot of , lots of , plenty of , a great number of 等表示“许多”。(1) many后跟可数名词，much后跟不可数名词，通常用于疑问句和否定句中。He speaks some Chinese, but not much. 他说些汉语，但是不多。How many people are there? 有多少人？He didnt know much English. 他不太懂英语。Is there much water in the jar? 缸里有很多水吗？(2) 在so, as和too之后常用many和much，表示“这么多”，“这样多”，“太多”之意，这时也可用于肯定句中。I like it, but it costs too much. 我喜欢它，但是太费钱。His teacher did not understand why the boy had so many strange questions. 他的老师不明白这孩子为什么有这样多奇怪的问题。Why so much? 为什么会有这么多呢？(3) many和much也可与of + 限定词 + 名词/代词连用。How many of you are there? 你们中有多少人In much of China, spring is usually very short. 中国的多数地区，春季通常是很短的。(4) a lot of , lots of和plenty of 即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词；a great number后只能接可数名词。I make a lot of different machines. 我制造许多不同的机器。There are plenty of eggs/meat in the basket. 篮子里有很多鸡蛋(肉)。I have a great number of letters to write. 我有几封信要写。8. few, a few和little, a little表示“少”(1) few和a few后跟可数名词; little和a little后跟不可数名词。few和little表示“没有几个”，“很少”，含否定意义；a few和a little表示“有几个”，“有一些”，含肯定意义，都可在句中作定语、主语和宾语。There were few people living here. 这儿几乎没有人居住。After a few minutes she started to cry again. 过了一会儿，她又开始哭了。There is little time left. 剩下的时间不多了。I have a little money. 我有一点钱。(2) 口语中常用only a few或only a little表示“只有一些(点)”，quite a few表示“相当多”。 How far is it? 有多远？Only a few kilometers. 只有几公里。 Do you speak Chinese? 你说汉语吗？Only a little.只会说一点。 Ive made quite a few good friends here. 我在这里交了相当多的朋友。9. one, ones表示“指代”(1) one只用来代替单数可数名词，复数形式ones代替复数名词，泛指某(些)人或某(些)物。 This moon-cake is very nice! 这月饼真好！Good. Would you like another one? 是的，你要再来一块吗？ Wei Huas pen was broken, so she needed a new one. 魏华的钢笔坏了，因此她需要买支新的。(2) one或ones前有the, this, that, these或those等词时，表示特指某(些)人或某(些)物。Which woman? 哪一位妇女？The one in the red coat.穿红色外套的那位。The woolen ones are hanging here.羊毛质的挂在这儿。直击中考1. Jack, good boy! Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. (2003北京海淀区)A. youB. meC. himD. her 点拨 答案是B。 此题旨在考查人称代词宾格作动词宾语的用法。谓语动词pass后应用宾格作宾语。2. That girl is new in our class. Do you know _ name? (2003北京西城区)A. herB. sheC. heD. his 点拨 答案是A。此题旨在考查人称代词与物主代词的用法区别。人称代词在句中作主语或宾语；物主代词在句中作定语。由前句主语girl确定空白处应填入物主代词her。3. Kate has lost_ keys, so she asks_ for help. (2003厦门)A. her; mine B. hers; me C. hers; I D. her; me点拨 答案是D。此题旨在综合考查物主代词与人称代词的用法区别。题意为“Kate丢失了她的钥匙。她向我求助”。名词keys前需用物主代词作定语；动词asks后需用人称代词宾格作宾语。4. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _ . (2003河南)A. usB. ourC. oursD. ourselves点拨 答案是C。 此题旨在考查名词双重所有格的用法。“单数名词/复数名词+of+名词性物主代词或名词所有格”构成双重所有格。5.Yesterday I saw _enjoy _ in the park.(2003重庆)A. her, hers B. they, them C. she, herselfD. them, themselves点拨 答案是D。此题旨在综合考查人称代词宾格和反身代词的用法区别。动词saw后需用人称代词宾格作宾语；enjoy oneself(玩得开心)是习惯搭配。6. Hello! Is that Mr. Wang speaking? (2003安徽)Yes. _.A. Whos that?B. Who are you?C. Im speaking D. Im Mr. Wang.点拨 答案是A。此题考查指示代词在打电话用语中的特殊用法。即询问对方是某人时说Who is that (speaking)?或Is that .speaking? 介绍自己时说This is .speaking.7. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than _ made in America. (2003南京)A. onesB. thoseC. thatD. it点拨 答案是B。those指代上文提到的名词cars，以免重复。ones泛指上文提到的复数名词；it指上文提到的名词。that用法同those。8. I am looking for a house. Id like _ with a garden. (2003安徽)A. oneB. itC. thatD. this点拨 答案是A。one泛指上文提到的人或事物中的一个；it指上文中提到的同一个事物。that代替句中的名词以免重复。9.Theres someone at the door. Can you go and see who _ is? (2003江西)A. he B. she C. that D. it点拨 答案是D。此题考查it指代上文中提到的那个人或说话者心目中的人的用法。此处it代替上文中的someone。10. We found _ necessary to protect the environment. (贵阳2003)A. it B. this C. that D. what 点拨 答案是A。 此题考查it作形式宾语的用法。this, that是指示代词，没用这种用法。what是疑问代词。11. _ does your mother do? (2003青海)She is a nurse.A. WhatB. WhereC. WhichD. How点拨 答案是A。 此题旨在考查疑问代词的用法。疑问代词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语。what在此用来询问某人的“职业”。12. 15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. (2003北京海淀区)A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few点拨 答案是D。 a little和little一般用来指代不可数名词。a little表示肯定意义，意为“有一些”；a few和few指代可数名词，a few表示肯定意义，few表示否定意义。new words作“生词”讲，是可数名词，故首先排除A、B两项。又由上半句中的is quite easy (相当容易)判断，说明这篇英文小说中的生词“很少”。13. Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow on or the pink one? _. I like a light blue one. (2003河北)A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. Neither 点拨 答案是D。 此题旨在考查不定代词either, both和neither的用法区别。either表示“两者中的任何一个”；both表示“两者都”；neither表示“两者都不”。由题意“你喜欢哪件毛衣，黄色的还是粉红色的？”“我喜欢浅蓝色的。”可以确定“黄色的”和“粉红色的”我都不喜欢。14. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher. (2003兰州)A. another B. other C. others D. the other点拨 答案是D。 当要表示两个人或物“一个，另一个”时，用one.the other.结构。列举三个以上的人或物时，用one.another.the other.或用one.another.another.或one.a second.the third.。15. All the boys were very tired, but _ of them would take a rest. (2003江苏徐州)A. all B. neither C. any D. none点拨 答案是D。 此题考查不定代词all, neither, any, none的用法区别。all和none互为反义词，none指“(三者以上)都不”；neither是both的反义词，表示“(两者)都不”。题意为“所有的孩子都非常累，但是他们没有一个愿意休息”。16. May I use your pen? Yes, here are two and you can use _ of them. (2003武汉)A. bothB. everyC. anyD. either点拨 答案是D。 either表示两者中的“任何一个”；any也有“无论哪一个；任何”的意思，但表示“三者或三者以上”中的任何一个。both意思是“两者都”，与题意不符。every不与of连用。17. Is _ here? No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. (2003南京)A. everybodyB. somebodyC. anybodyD. nobody点拨 答案是A。 此题旨在考查表人的不定代词everybody, somebody, anybody和nobody的用法区别。everybody(everyone)指“每个人”，即“大家”；somebody (someone)指“某个人”；anybody(anyone)指“任何人”，常用于疑问句和否定句中；nobody指“没有任何人”，表示否定意义。此题易误选C。由答句“李磊和韩梅请假”可断定问的是“大家都到齐了吗？”18. Im hungry, Mum. I want _ to eat. (2003北京)A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing点拨 答案是C。 此题旨在考查不定代词everything, something, anything和nothing的用法区别。something用于肯定句；anything用于否定句和疑问句；nothing表示否定意义，相当于not anything。解答此题关键词是Im hungry。既然“饿了”，当然是要一些吃的东西(something to eat)。19. How many more oranges can I have? You can have one more. _ are for Tom. (2003广州)A. The othersB. AnotherC. OthersD. The other点拨 答案是A。 the others在这里指众多桔子中“其余的桔子”，是特指。another泛指“另一个；又一个”；others泛指“其余的；另外的”；the other特指“(两者中的)另一个”，或后接单数、复数名词，表特指。20. I dont like this shirt, so I want to see some _ . (2003宁夏)A. other B. the other C. others D. another点拨 答案是C。 others在这里泛指“其他的”、“别的”(衬衫)，相当于名词的作用。专项训练1. Anne has a son. _ name is Edward. A. Her B. His C. Hers D. Him2. My watch is old, but _ is new.A. his B. herC. yourD. its3. Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.Never mind. You can have _.A. us B. oursC. youD. yours4. The watch is so nice! Is it for _? Yes. Happy birthday, Mary!Thank you very much.A. his B. me C. my D. hers5. Oh, hi, Judy. Hi Jason. Come on in. Make _ at home. A. yourselfB. usC. yourselvesD. you6. We usually do _ homework in the evening.A. weB. onesC. meD. our7. I cant find my pen. Can you lend me _? Sorry, Im using it myself.A. youB. yourC. yourself D. yours8. Let _ do this exercise myself.A. him B. her C. us D. me9. Have you heard from _ recently?A. them B. they C. themselves D. their10. I met an old friend of _ on _ way home.A. mine; my B. my; the C. mine; a D. mine; the11. Did she go to school when she was young?No, she taught _ at home.A. her B. herself C. hers D. she12. “Help _ to some meat, Mary”, my aunt said to me.A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself13. _ is your father, a worker or a teacher?A. How B. Which C. What D. Who 14. _ is the population of France?A. Which B. How much C. What D. How many15. Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? is OK. Im free today and tomorrow.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None16. _ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday. They were staying at home all that day. A. EitherB. BothC. NeitherD. One17. Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? _ , thanks. Id like just a cup of tea.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None18. Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America.A. neither B. bothC. noneD. either19. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming; _ like ball games.A. the othersB. othersC. the otherD. other20. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers _ . A. themB. themselvesC. himD. himself21. She always thinks of _ more than herself. A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. the others22. You may go and ask him. He knows _ about Japanese. A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little23. The colour of her skirt is different from _ of mine.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this 24. The Class 3 and Class 1 runners both ran very slowly. _ of them ran faster than the Class 2 runner.A. EitherB. NobodyC. NoneD. Neither25. Last month we went to travel with some friends of _ . A. usB. oursC. ourD. ourselves26. Are you interested in maths or English, Mike ? _ . I prefer P. E.A. BothB. EitherC. NeitherD. None27. Boys, dont touch the machine , or you may hurt _ .A. myselfB. yourselfC. yourselves D. themselves28. _ blouse do you like best?The blue one. A. WhoB. WhichC. WhomD. Whose29. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and _ is in China.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the other30. My watch keeps good time. What about _ ?Mine? Oh, two minutes slow. A. youB. herC. hersD. yours31. _ house is this? Its mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Whos 32. Would you like some tea?Yes. Just _ .A. a fewB. very fewC. a littleD. little bit33. You have more apples than I. But _ are bigger than _ . A. my; yourB. my ; yoursC. mine; yourD. mine; yours34. I made the cake by _ . Help _ , Tom.Thanks, Jane.A. ourselves; yourselfB. myself; yourselfC. myself; yourselvesD. ourselves; yourselves35. He is always ready to help _ .A. anot