导学案代词一学生.doc

高三英语导学案（六十七） 主备人 孙润兰课 题：代词的用法学习目标：掌握各类代词的用法特点学习重点：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词的特殊用法学习难点：替代词的区别【预习案】一、定义与分类代词是代替名词或代替起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词九类。综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词和替代词一直是高考英语的重点。二、人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称和数的变化，其中，人称代词还有主格和宾格的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、用上述三类代词填空1、人称代词的用法Tom is a boy, and _ is a student. I saw _ at the party yesterday.Mary is very pretty, and _likes singing. Tom enjoys staying with _.The boys are students, and _are in the classroom. I bought some books for _.The toy is small. _ is Toms. _ likes _very much.小结：人称代词的主格在句中作_, 宾格作_班级 _ 姓名 _ 小组_2、物主代词的用法Here is my dog. _ name is Tom. My sister lost _ new bicycle.May I use your pen? _works better. I love my motherland as much as you love _.I am writing with your pen, not with _.Is that coffee yours or _（他的 / 她的）？小结：物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。_物主代词在句中只用作_，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；_物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语。3、反身代词的用法: 用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。1) He teaches _（自学）Japanese every evening.（宾语）2) She is too young to look after _. （宾语）3) She is not quite _ today. 她今天身体不太舒服。（表语）4) I _ can repair the bike.（主语的同位语）4、相互代词的用法 ：:表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。1）We have known each other for many years. ( 宾语)2）They often stay in one anothers house. ( 定语)3）We should _（互相学习）4）The students corrected _（相互的错误）in their homework. 我的疑惑 _【探究案】探究点一：人称代词需注意的问题: 1. 人称代词主宾格替换 (1) 在than / as引导的比较状语从句中常有省略, 在这类从句中, 在不引起误解的情况下, 有时用宾格代替主格 , 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。a. He is taller than _（我）. b. He is taller than _ am.c. He likes Mary better than _( like Mary ). 译： _ d. He likes Mary better than ( he likes ) _. 译：_ (2) 在强调句中, 若被强调的部分是代词, 则其格不变。 a. It was I who first opened the door this morning. b. It was me whom they talked about. c. It was _ who did it, but it was _ that we are talking about. A. he she B. him her C. him she D. he her(3) 宾格代替主格 在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后，常用宾格 a. I like English. _（我也是）.b. Would you like more wine ? Not _（不是我）. c. Who did it? _ ( 他们 ).d . -Who is it? - Its _（我）.(4) 主格代替宾格 在电话用语中常用主格 a.- May I speak to John? - This is _ speaking. A. heB. hisC. himD. himselfb. - I wish to speak to Mary. - This is _ speaking .(5) 人称代词的格视与之同位的词在句中的成分而定, 如: a. Jim and I saw the man passing by. b. He asked three of us, John, Joan and me, to have dinner with him.(6) 人称代词在代替一些不定代词, 如: anybody, everybody, anyone, someone, no one, whoever等这些无明确对象的代词或名词时, 在正式场合用he / his / him代替, 在非正式场合用they /their / them代替, 如: a. Nobody came, did_? b. Whoever comes, tell _ the news. ( 7) 在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。a. I thought it was she. (主格主格) I thought it to be her. (宾格宾格) b. I was taken to be she. (主格主格) 我被当成了她. They took me to be her. (宾格宾格) 他们把我当成了她 2. 并列人称代词的排列顺序 1）单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：2,3.1. 即you he/ she; it I 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：1,2,3即weyouthey。You，he and I should return on time.你，他还有我应该按时回来。2）在承认错误，承担责任时，第一人称放在前面。It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。探究点二：物主代词的双重所有格 双重所有格不仅表示所有关系，而且表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与“one of.”相似。此外，双重所有格与指示代词this,that,these,those连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下: (一) 名词+of+名词性物主代词 a good friend of mine _an interesting story of his _(二) 名词 + of + s所有格He is a friend of my sisters. (one of my sisters friends)Look at that long nose of Jacks. ( 感情色彩 ) 试比较: a picture of Xiao Zhang / me _ a picture of Xiao Zhangs / mine _探究点三：反身代词的用法 1. 有些动词如bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave, seat, lose等词后需有反身代词。1) It is not always easy to amuse oneself on holiday. 2) We enjoyed _ very much last night. 2. 用于介词之后，如 take pride in / be proud of / be annoyed with ./ look after / take care of 等1）You should_（为自己感到自豪）2）He is too young to _（照顾自己） 介词oneself 的常见用语by oneself（单独地，独立地）， to oneself (对自己）， for oneself（亲自，独自；为了自己），of oneself（自己的） ， in oneself（本来, 本身） ， 1）He spoke _. 2）She sat _. 3）If you dont believe me, you can go and see _.4）I dont know when the door closed _. 常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳be oneself处于正常状态, 显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气come to oneself 苏醒 adapt oneself to 使自己适应 make oneself at home 不要客气 make oneself understood/heard/known 探究点四：指示代词的用法一指示代词 this，that，these，those等 (一) 指示代词分单数( this / that ) 和复数( these / those ) 两种形式， this / these常指时间, 空间或心理上较近的人或物, that / those常指时间, 空间或心理上较远的人或物，常做主语、宾语、定语、表语等。1. This is the way to do it. 2. Those arent our teachers.3. Is he really going to marry that girl? 4. Who are those people?5. We should always keep this in mind.（二） this / these常指后面要提到的事物, 有启下的作用; 而that / those常指前面讲到过的事物, 有承上的作用 1. What I want to tell you is _ : The meeting is put off until Friday. 2. He had a bad cold. _ is why he didnt attend the meeting.3. She is a beautiful girl. Who said _?（三）在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：Hello._ is Jim. Is _John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?（四）this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这么”、“那么”，相当于so。Ive done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?二 it，one，the one, that, ones，the ones和those的替代用法1. it，one，the one, thatit 表示特指，与所指名词为同一个。that 表示特指，代替单数可数名词或不可数名词，常有of引出的后置定语，一般不指人one 表示泛指，只能代替单数可数名词，当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用onethe one表示特指，代替可数名词，有时可和that和互换。1）I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put _. 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 2）I cant find my hat. I think I must buy _. 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。3）Your coat is blue，and my new _is green班级 _ 姓名 _ 小组_你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。4）The hat you bought is bigger than _ I bought. 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 5）The book isnt so interesting as _you borrowed这本书不如你借的那本有趣。6）The climate of Dalian is just as good as _of Qingdao.大连的气候和青岛的一样好。7）The peasants income of 1998 was double _of 1988.农民1998年的收入比1988年增加了一倍。即学即练1）-Why dont we have a little break? -Didnt we just have_? A. it B. that C. one D. this 2）A good writer is_ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. A. that B. he C. one D. this 3）Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 4) Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. (2010山东)A. it B. that C. what D. one2. ones，the ones和those one的复数形式为ones，that的复数形式为those。the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。1) The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些书比桌下的好。2) Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京生产的电视机和上海的一样好。即学即练a. I have lost my pen. I am going to buy _.b. The question is an easy _. c. He has a new coat and several old _. d. The weather in Beijing is not so hot as _( = the weather ) in Shanghai.e. The population of China is a quarter of _ ( = the population ) of the world. f. The students in Class One work harder than _( = the students ) in Class Two. 【提升案】单项选择1. Let _ promise not to quarrel about such an unimportant matter any more.A. you and I B. I and you C. yours and me D. you and me2. They invited the three of ,Tom, Bob, and . A. us , me B. we , I C. us , I D. we , we3. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. （03全国）Ahim Bhe CI Dme4. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _.（04上海） A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers5. Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life , one has to be honest with _ friends. A .their B. her C. ones D. our6 - Is this camera like Bills and Anns? - No, but its almost the same as _. A. her B. theirs C. them D. their7. I borrowed some books _ myself , but when I was going to read them , the lamp went out _ itself and I had to sit in the dark _ myself. A.不填; for; by B. by; for; of C. for; of; by D .of;不填;by8. They made _ with their body movements in the foreign country. Athem understand Bthem understood Cthemselves understand Dthemselves understood9. _ was _ that we helped out of trouble. A. That, her B. It, her C. This, she D. It, the10. Tom had a bad cold. is why he didnt come to school. A. It B. That C. This D. There11. You know, I almost hit him. I was _. Athat angry Bso anger Cthis angrily Dsuch angry12. - I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. - So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that13. I am looking for a house. Id like _ with a brook around_. A. one, it B. it, it C. one, one D. it, one14 .Equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ from_ (2003 上海)A. those of the past B .the past C. which of the past D. those past15 . He felt _ his duty to remind his mother of the time. A. it B. one C. that D. him16. I have a colour TV set. I want to sell _. A. one B. the one C. that D. it17. - Have you a color TV? - Yes, I have a good _. A. it B. one C. that D. ones18. Lily , do you have an umbrella ? It is raining outside. Yes , but its _. A. small one B. small umbrella C. only a small one D. that one 19. I prefer a street in a small town to _ in such a large city as Shanghai. A. that B. it C. this D. one20. - Are you going to buy the blue shoes? - No, I like _ red ones over there. A. these B. those C. this D. their21. Is this skirt _ she likes best? A. one B. that C. the one D. which22. -Ive just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy _ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some23. The study of idioms is