初三语法专题定语从句.doc

授课类型T 同步中考必备词组C专题定语从句T 能力习题训练教学目标1、帮助学生掌握所学语言点和语法点。2、帮助学生灵活运用所学知识。教学内容T：同步中考必备词组Homework-checking！Dictation carry on 继续下去,坚持下去;从事,经营 carry out 贯彻,执行,实现in any case 无论如何,总之 in case 假如,以防(万一),免得in case of 假如,万一 in no case 决不catch on 理解,明白 catch up with 追上,赶上per cent 百分之 by chance 偶然,碰巧take a chance 冒险一试 in charge (of) 负责,主管take charge of 担任,负责 check in 办理登记手续check out 结账后离开;检查,核算 check up/(up) on 校对,检查,检验cheer up 使高兴,使振奋;高兴起来,振作起来 in chorus 一齐,一致,共同clear away 扫除,收拾 clear up 整理,收拾;清除,解除;解释,澄清;(天气)变晴C：专题定语从句 定语从句学习 一、考点扫描 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项选择、语法填空、完形填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。二、基本概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。典型例题This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party？I still remember the night when I first came to the village？This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.三、定语从句的引导词关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。四、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1、who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。典型例题Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2、whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。典型例题They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3、which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。典型例题A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）五、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1、关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。典型例题There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2、that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。典型例题His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。六、判断关系代词与关系副词 1、用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。典型例题This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。2、准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。典型例题例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。七、限制性和非限制性定语从句1、定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。典型例题This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2、当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。典型例题Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3、非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。典型例题He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。八、关系代词that 的用法1、不用that的情况1）引导非限定性定语从句时。典型例题 （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.2） 介词后不能用。典型例题 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 2）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。3）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 4）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.5）先行词既有人，又有物时。典型例题 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。判断步骤关系代词的判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who, whom, that。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which, that; 不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语从句中是所有格的关系就用whose 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格（不能省）宾格(可省略) 所有格 人 who, that（who/whom/that） whose 物 which, that（which/that） whose, of which关系副词的判断步骤:还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当时间状语用 when或介词+which ; 充当地点状语用where或介词+which; 充当原因状语用why或介词+which 。一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. Whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.放电影回顾式学习法 我们来回顾一下，今天学习了那些知识点呢？T：能力习题训练语法选择策略指导：阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从26-35 各题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中选出最佳选项。 Do you like comics(漫画)? Many of the worlds _26_ comics come from Japan. The drawing is excellent. The stories are _27_. And they are fun to read. In fact Japanese artists often have new ways of _28_. They influence artists in _29_ countries. These comics are often made into cartoons _30_ are watched by millions of people in Asia, Europe, and America. Also, toys are _31_ from the comics. So you can see, its a very big business! Each person _32_ his own favorite comic. Some popular _33_ are Black Jack, Conan and Sakura. Many artists who draw comics become famous _34_ Japan. Some of them _35_ movie stars. People love and respect their work.( )26. A. popular B. more popular C. popularest D. most popular( )27. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests( )28. A. draw B. to drawing C. drawing D. to draw( )29. A. others B. another C. other D. the other( )30. A. which B. who C. when D. what( )31. A. made B. make C. to make D. making( )32. A. have B. had C. has D. having( )33. A. one B. ones C. them D. they( )34. A. at B. on C. beside D. in( )35. A. was like B. were like C.