词根词缀法总结.doc

词根词缀法总结 (2007-04-19 23:43:26) 大多数多音节词汇可分为三个部分： in vinc ible A B C词根B表示做什么；前缀A表示怎么做；后缀C表示和其他事物的关系（决定词性）1、词根(root)现代英语的祖先是日耳曼语言持有者盎格鲁-撒克逊人的语言，他们于公元449年从北方欧洲大陆登陆不列颠，占据了本属于凯尔特人的土地，吸收了少量的凯尔特人的语言。以后随着希腊罗马文化在罗马帝国统治期间以及文艺复兴时期的两次大规模传播，英语吸收了大量的希腊语、拉丁语的一些词汇，其中很多以词根的形式保留下来了。2、前缀前缀根据其不同作用可分为：表加强；表方向；表否定；表数量等几类。常见英语前缀表前缀意义例词a, abtoaback, abate, abet, aboard, achieve,absorb, abrupt, abstract否定atom, abandon, amoral, apoliticalabnormal, abusea+双写toaccent, accelerate, accept, accident, accommodate, access, accompany, account, accumulate, accurate, accuse, accustomadapt, adopt, adept, adequate, adhere, adjust, admire, admit, admission, advance, advertise, adventure, advise, advocateaffect, affirm, aggravate, aggregate, allege, allocate, appear, appendix, appetite, applaud, appoint, appreciate, arrange, arrest, arrive, assist, associate, attend, attract, attributeanti之前(ante)anticipate, antique, anterior反抗antibiotic, Antarcticbi二bicycle, bilateral, bilingualcom=con共同，全部confess, command, cooperate, correct, commemorate,dedown向下,去掉deceive, decline, destruction desalt deforest devalue depress detrain decelerate decode defametodefine, delimit, depict, designdis分开display, dispel, dispose, discuss, discard消散，否定dislike, disappear, discover, disableen使进入encourage, enlarge, enclose, enjoy, enforce, endanger, employ,e, exouteducation, eliminate, elite, emerge, emit, emotion, event, exportin, iminimport, impress, include, inflation, influence, inject, inland, inspect, invade, illustrate, illuminate否定ignorant, illegal, illiterate, immediate, immense, irregular, irrespective, impure, independentob, opagainstoppose, opponent, opposite, offend, object, oppress,to(o+双写)observe, obtain, obsolete, occur, officeperthroughperennial, period, permanent, perish, perpetual, persist, perceive, perspectivepre在前precaution, president, predict, preface, presentpro向前product, progress, projector, promote, propelrebackreturn, reflect, relate, refer,againstrebel, resist,againrepeat, rebuild, relief, relevantseawayseclude, separate, secrete, seducesub, sup下subject, submerge, submarine, subordinate, suppresssupport, submit,su+双写超过，在上面supreme, surface, surprise, suffer, surface, surpasssym相同，共同symmetry, symphony, symmetry, sympathy, synthetic, systemtrans一边到另一边transfer, transform, translate, transport, transpersonal, transcend, transparentun否定unable, unhappy, unimportant, uncover, unwilling统一unanimous, unite, uniform, universe3、后缀英文单词后缀更是没有任何实在的含义，只是表示整个单词的词性。最常见的形容词后缀：1. able, -ible : readable lovable knowable inflammable sensible resistible conductible名词一般是-ability -ibility：inflammability sensibility2.- al包括：-al : personal national名词一般是-ality：personality nationality-ial :presidential dictatorial -ical : typical symbolical biological (一般由结尾为-y的名词派生而来)3. -an包括：-an republican American -ean : European -ian : Egyptian Canadian (名词和形容词同形)4. - ar包括：-ar : similar solar -ular : globular 5. - ed : colored gifted retired6. -ern : eastern western7. -ese : Chinese Japanese（名词和形容词同形）8. -fold :表示倍数twofold manyfold9. -ful : useful skillful10. -ic包括：-ic : atomic historic -istic : artistic realistic -tic : dramatic romantic11. - ile : infantile fertile12. - ing : changing developing13. - ior :exterior interior14. -ish :childish reddish English 15. - ist : socialist nationalist16. -ive包括：-itive : sensitive primitive -ive : protective productive17. - less : homeless useless18. - like : childlike manlike19. -ly: friendly costly daily20. - nt包括：-ant : assistant expectant -ent : insistent different -21. -ous :包括-aceous : curvaceous有曲线的 herbaceous草本的 -acious :vivacious活泼 的、rapacious掠夺的 -aneous : simultaneous同时发生的 spontaneous自发的-eous : righteous正直的 gaseous 气体的 -ious : anxious焦急的 curious好奇的 -ous : dangerous 危险的 glorious光荣的22. -proof: fireproof bombproof23. - ry包括：-ary : secondary elementary -ory : informatory explanatory24. -some: troublesome lonesome25. -ward :downward seaward26. - y : rainy rosy sleepy最常见的名词后缀：表示具体的人、物的后缀：-an (- ian , - ean ,-ane ) -ant -ar -ary -er -ician -ist -ite -or -ory -ics -ilogy等。表示抽象的动作情况的后缀：-acity : capacity -acy: fallacy - al (-ial , -eal ) : denial refusal -ence ( - ance , -ency , -ancy ): influence acceptance - ion: union creation -ism : heroism -ment (- men) : excitement monument - mony : matrimony -ness : coldness goodne