第五章 形容词和副词.doc

第五章 形容词和副词【考点串讲】 条理清晰 轻松把握 一、形容词的用法1、形容词修饰名词时，一般放在名词前。但若修饰复合不定代词，要放在其后。例如：the nice girl is my sister. I have something important to tell you.eg. (1)-Is there _ in todays newspaper?- Yes, our National Table Tennis Team won all the seven gold medals once more.(2009福州)A. something new B. anything new C. somebody special D. anybody special2、形容词enough修饰名词时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可至于其之后。e.g. the boy read the article _ and found something important in it.A. careful enough B. carefully enough C. enough careful D. enough carefully3、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）-出处-材料性质-类别-名词。 4、形容词常在连系动词后面作表语。连系动词：be动词感官动词： 表状态： 表变化： 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，The man is ill.(正)The ill man is my uncle.(误)6.貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的二、形容词常用句型1.“Its + adj.+ of + sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例如，Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。Its very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真粗鲁。Its foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如，Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如，Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。副词的用法注意：一些兼有两种形式的副词1） hard与hardly：hard的意思是“努力”；hardly的意思是“几乎不”。2） near与nearly: near的意思是“靠近地”；nearly的意思是“几乎差不多”。3）late 与lately: late意思是“晚”、“迟到地”；lately 意思是“最近”、“近来”。 4) how long, how soon, how often, how far How long “多久，多长时间”， 对一段持续的时间提问，常用for+一段时间/ since+ 点时间回答 How soon “多快， 多久以后” 用于一般将来时，常用in+一段时间回答 How often “多久一次” 对频度提问，常用”once, twice, three times a week ” How far “多远” 对距离提问e.g.“_ has this food store been in business？” “Since 2001.”A.How longB.How oftenC.How oldD.How soon5） much too 和 too much Much too 修饰形容词或副词 太.Too much 修饰不可数名词 太多.08辽宁）- Do you enjoy travelling by air? -No, its _ expensive.A. too much B. much too C. more much D. much6）sometime，sometimes，some times，some timeSometime 某个时候Some time 一段时间 e.g. it takes sb. some time to do sth.Sometimes 有时Some times 几次. 例如，Well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。 He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。真题. Ill go and visit you _ next week.A. sometime B. sometimesC. some times D. some time7）so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，. 例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)It is so cold weather.(误)They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正)They are so good students. (误)如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词8）.ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。三、形容词与副词的比较级（一）规则变化(1) 单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er， est构成比较级和最高级。a) 直接加er, est ：short, cheapb) 以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：thin-thinner. bigc) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：early -earlier(2) 两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most. Beautiful friendly（二）不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodBetter The best well（健康的）badworse The worst ill（有病的）old olderThe oldest much/manymore The most little lessThe least far fartherThe farthest 注意：有些形容词没有比较等级，如right, wrong, excellent, final, last, possible, first, east, empty, wooden, open, favorite等（三）形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级：.He is very old now. (他现在很老了) They ran quite fast. (它们跑得相当快)表示两者之间没有差别时,使用结构：as + 形容词/副词原级 + ase.g. Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍 Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用结构：not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。(2) 讲述两者有差异,一个超过另一个时,用比较级。基本结构：形容词/副词比较级+than Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。讲述两者有差异,第一个不及第二个时,用比较级。结构是：less+比较级 + than He is less taller than me .他没有我高(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。结构是：(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . Tom is the tallest in his class.关于比较等级的重要注释：1、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。3.Beijing is becoming _ and _.A. more beautiful，more B. beautiful，beautiful C. more，more beautiful D. more beautiful，more beautiful2、“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.4._ children there are in a family，_their life will be.A. The less，the better B. The fewer，the betterC. Fewer，richer D. More，poorer注意1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。真题Mrs. King kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest2、只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too【真题再现】 探索规律 找寻突破 21. They all looked _ at the teacher when he told them the good news.（06安徽）A. sadly B. happily C. carefully D. angrily27. I think Alice is the right person for the job, because shes always thinking _of it than of herself. （06安徽）A. Much B. more C. little D. less28. My father doesnt like the color of the tie because it is too _.（06安徽）A. dear B. short C. thin D. dark26. Carl felt _ because he won the first prize in the school singing competition.（07安徽）A. Interested B. proud C. angry D. worried27. Mr. Smith, would you please speak a little more _?（07安徽）- Sorry! I thought you could follow me.A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D. politely35. Im really _ before the competition.（08安徽）-Take it easy. Sure you are the best.A. cool B. serious C. nervous D. patient37. Jack, how are you feeling today? （08安徽）-Much _. I think I can go to school tomorrow.A. better B. worse C. brighter D. weaker39. English is _ too difficult for me. I cant learn it well. （08安徽）-Dont give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom B. never C. always D. usually35. Hello! Golden Sun Hotel. Can I help you?（09安徽）-Do you have a room _ for this weekend? A. available B. useful C. empty D. possible37. Would you please drive _? My plane is taking off. （09安徽）-Id like to, but safety comes first.A. faster B. better C. more carefully D. more slowly34.Did you find the small village yesterday?（10安徽）-Yes，without any difficult，for it has changed over.A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly46. It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures. （10安徽） -Right. Thats what she likes to do .A. more B. less C. most D. least48. Dad, its such a long way from our home to the park! （10安徽） -You mean its to make a taxi?A. popular B. necessary C. possible D. important【典例精析】 瞄准目标 蓄势待发 1、误 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.2、误 The ill man nearly died.正 The sick man nearly died.3、误 I have important something to tell you.正 I have something important to tell you.4、误 You can speak free in front of your friends.正 You can speak freely in front of your friends.5、误 Ill be back at the moment.正Ill be back in a moment.6、误 There are too much mistakes in your homework.正There are too many mistakes in your homework.7、误 He is weak at physics.正 He is weak in physics.8、误 She is my older sister.正 She is my elder sister.9、误 He is very higher than I am.正He is much higher than I am.10、误 The girl is more cleverer than the boy.正The girl is cleverer than the boy. 【优化演练】 体味经典 把握成功 1、The dish is delicious! Well, at least its _ the one I cooked yesterday. A. as good as B. worse than C. as well as D. as bad as 2、The air in the countryside is _. So many people from the city go there on weekends. A. soft B. pretty C. fresh D. delicious 3、Mrs. King kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest 4、Our family has bought a car so we can travel _ than before. A. most easily B. less easily C. easily D. more easily 5、Whom would you like to be your assistant, Jack or David? If I had to choose, David would be _ choice. A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 6、Carl felt _ because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried 7、Do you know the final of mens single will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin?Yes. I felt _ when I heard the _ news. A. e