陈龙 (8).doc

扬帆教育 英语 学科导学案（第 1 次课）教师: 刘芳芳 学生: 陈 龙 年级: 七年级 日期: 星期: 时段: 课 题英语语法练习学情分析期中考试结束，分析学生基础知识不牢固，专项训练教学目标与 考点分析1.初一所有语法时态总结2找出易错，糊知识点，补缺补漏！ 教学重点重点提高动词适当形式填空题正确率教学方法讲授法、 任务教学法学习内容与过程1、一般现在时态 定 义：此时态 用来描述 经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态；也指客观真理、或事实。 标志词：1.表频度的副词：always （总是、一直）often （经常）usually （通常）sometimes （有时、偶尔）seldom （几乎不）never （从不、绝不） 注意：这些词在句中的位置：实义动词之前，be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后。 every + 时间名词 ：“每. ”如：every day ，every week，every two days、 构 成： 1、 句中 含有 be 动词 用 “am、is、are”形式、 如：你的新车真漂亮。 your new car is very nice . 2、 句子如果使用 实义动词 ，“原形 或 单三”两种形式。 注意：主语为单三，动词用单三;其余情况 动用 动词原形。 如：我们爱中国。we love China . 他喜欢中国。he loves China . 3、 如果句中含有 情态动词 ，一律用：“ 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 ” We / he / the girl / You can go home now . 注意：使用 情态动词 时 ，适用各种主语，情态动词 后 一律加动词原形。 He must be a teacher . I must go to school now . 动词单三如何变化： （1） 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加-s. ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays （2） 以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes （3） 以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies （4） 不规则变化：be- is are have-has 现在进行时态：定 义：此时态 描述此时此刻正在发生或进行的动作或状态。标志词：now （现在）at the moment （此刻、此时）构 成： 主语 + am / is / are + V-ing (有可能加宾语) 如：He is watching Tv now . We are having an English class at the moment . Tom and I are playing games .动词如何变 V-ing 形式： 1. 动词以不发音的字母e结尾，一般去掉e，再加-ing，例如： writewriting；leaveleaving；save saving；pollute polluting 当然我们需要注意两小点：1）die、lie、tie的-ing形式分别是dying、lying、tying。 2）be、agree等动词的 -ing形式直接加上-ing，因为这里的e、ee都发音。 2. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词末尾只有一个辅音字母（x例外），要重写该辅音字母，再加-ing。 例：run running；beginbeginning；swimswimming；stop stopping。 注意：fix fixing 2、一般将来时态： 定 义：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will，其区别并不明显。（或“be going to + 动词原形）常与tomorrow, next , in （the） future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。 标志词：tomorrow, next , in （the） future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。 构 成：1、主语 + shall + 动词原形 （ shall ：主语是第一人称，即：I 或 We） 如：I shall watch Tv . We shall go to park tomorrow . 2、 主语 + will + 动词原形 （ will : 适用于 各种主语 ） 如：I / you / we / the boy will help you . 3、 主语 + am / is / are + going to + 动词原形 （根据主语选择不同的be动词形式） 如：Iam going to help you . The girl is going to do homework .Therebe句型：定义：此句型表示“某处有某物”。构成：thereisare物介词短语/地点副词。如：thereisa book and two pens in my bag . there are many people in the classroom . 注意：1、 be动词的形式 ： 由物的单复数形式决定；当物有两个以上时 ，由第一个物的单复数形式决定。 2、 提问 there + be 句型中 的数词时，用 “how many + 可数名词复数形式” 或 “how much + 不可数名词”。 如：there are _some_trees on the hill. how many trees are there on the hill ? there is _some_ water in the cup . how much water is there in the cup ? 3、 一般疑问句 将 be ( is / are ) 提前；否定句 在 be 动词后放 “not”即可。 There arent any books in my bag . Is there an apple on the table ? 4、 有可能出现“有某人在.做某事”这一句型，即“There besb.doing sth.地点/时间状语”。 如： There are many boys playing football on the playground . 5、 一般将来时态的 therebe句型构成：在.将会有.的意思。 therewillbe 物 + 介词短语 。thereisaregoingtobe物 + 介词短语 。 3、一般过去时态的 therebe句型，构成：“过去在.有.”的意思。therewaswere物 + 介词短语 。was：物是单数时、were：物为复数时、1. 英语中的人称： 和汉语一样，英语中有三个人称. 第一人称：I 我 We 我们 第二人称： you 你，你们 第三人称： he他 she她 it它 they他/她/它们 ,以及名词 。 第三人称单数形式：除了都为第三人称，当个体为“一”时，就为单三。2. 和语法最为紧密的动词：be动词 ：am is are was were .情态动词 :can may must could should would might 助动词: do does did 3、一 般 疑 问 句 和 特 殊 疑 问 句一般疑问句： 1. 定 义：以be动词、情态动词、助动词提问的问句，叫一般疑问句。(相当于汉语中的吗？) 注：be 动 词：am. is.are. was. were 情态动词：can 能，可以 may 可以 must 必须，一定 could 可以，能 should 应该 would 将要，想 might可能，也许 助 动 词：do,does,did 2. 具体变法： （1） 、如果原句含有be 动词，情态动词时，将他们提前大写，句尾放问号。 例：He is from China .- Is he from China ? You can speak English in class .-Can you speak English in class ? (2)、如果原句不含有be 动词，情态动词，则选择助动词 do/does/did, 将他们放于句首，保证原句动词为原形。 注：does:原句的主语为单三时，且将原句的动词变为原形。 do :其余人称。 did :适用于一般过去时的所有人称,将原句的动词变为原形。 例：He often goes home late.- Does he go home late ? (动词变原形) They often go home late.- Do they go home late ? They went home late yesterday.- Did they go home late yesterday ? 注意：1、变一般疑问句时，如果原句是第一人称要变第二人称 I/We- you ，be 动词有可能发生变化 （ am - are ）( was - were ) 例：I am from Japan .- Are you from Japan ? We come from the U.S.A. - Do you come from the U.S.A ? 2、 第一人称的物主代词要变为第二人称物主代词 my /our - your ;mine/ours -yours . 例：He is my friend .- Is he your friend ? This is mine .- Is this yours ? 2、 特殊疑问句： 1、 定 义：以特殊疑问词提问的问句，叫特殊疑问句。 2、 构成形式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？（省略句中提问的内容） 3、 常见的特殊疑问词：what, why , where, whose , who , which, how ,when, whom . 复合特殊疑问词： what color / what class / what grade / waht time / what size / what shape / what day / what date / what for / what ahout .怎么样？(问意见) how far （提问距离）: how long（提问时间，长度） : how often（提问频度，次数） how soon（提问 in+一段时间）: how much（多少钱）；how wide（多宽）；how tall（多高） how many + 可数名次复数形式：多少-？（提问数量或句中的数词） how much + 不可数名次： 多少-？（提问数量或句中的数词） how old ：多大？（指年龄） 例：He likes ( storybooks ) 1. Does he like storybooks ? 2.what does he like ? 例：She is ( my friend ). 1. Is she your friend ? 2. Who is she ? 例：He has lunch -1.Does he have lunch at home ? 2.Where does he have lunch ? 注意：1.当提问主语时，直接用who或what替换，不需要变一般疑问句，但是要将动词变为 单三形式 例： go to school every day .- Who goes to school every day ? 例： am a teacher . - Who is a teacher ? 2、 当提问动词短语时，用 do 代替；当提问 动词-ing 时，用doing代替，并且用特殊疑问词 what提问。 例：He at home .-1.Does he do homework at home ? 2.what does he do at home ? 例：You are watching Tv now .- 1.Are you watching Tv now ? 2.What are you dong now ? 3、 否定句： 定义：如果一句话含有“没”“没有”“不”“不是” 时，就为否定句。 变法：（1）.原句含有be 动词或情态动词，只需在它们的后面放“not”即可。 He is my friend .- he isnt my friend . He can help you with your work - he cannt help you with your work . (2).原句含有实意动词时，要用相应的助动词加“not”，放于原句谓语动词之前，且谓语动词保证为原形。 doesnt:主语为第三人称单数； dont ：其余人称； didnt ：适用一般过去时。 Tom goes home .- Tom doesnt go home . They go home .- They dont go home . 课内练习与训练 初一英语语法练习题 Dec. 2008I. be 动词 (用be动词的正确形式填空)1. _ your grandmother thin or chubby? 2. Where _ your book on snakes? 3. Where _ my pencil case and my notebook?4. There _ nine people in my family.5. -How much _ the exercise book and the magazine? -That _ ninety dollars.6. Ben _ a middle school student, and his parents _ architects. 7. Scott likes action movies best. His favorite actors _ Jackie Chan and Jet Li.8. - What color _ your shoes? - Black.9. - Hello. My name _ Jack. This is my friend. His name _ Tom.- Nice to meet you. I _ Rick.10. _ you still a librarian? No, I _ an accountant now. .III. 选择正确的介词填空in after on for at with to behind of by1. My family often buy clothes _ HuaXing store _ weekends.2. Can you help the children _ English? You may come _ our club.3. Im looking _ some presents. These shops may have many kinds _ things _ sale. Save your money till then! 4. How many cities are there _ Greece? -I dont know. 5. Look, the birds are _ the tree! 6. When is her birthday? I cant rememberIts _ January.7. Mr. Green always goes to work _ bus. He has to get up _ 6 oclock _ the morning. 8. Come on! Im hungry. What do we have _ dinner?9. Dont eat and read _ night. That is bad _ your health.10. Come and see _ yourself _ Wendys store!11. We live _ London. How about you? Where do you come _?12. _ Sunday morning, I usually sleep late _ home. 13. Jack is shorter than Sam, but Jack is sitting _ Sam.14. Here is a photo _ your family. 15. There arent many people _ the train _ five oclock _ the morning. IV. 写出下列名词的复数形式1) Cemetery_2) tooth _3) country _4) month_5) sandwich_6) brush _ 7) candy bar_8) kangaroo _9)man _ 10) day _11) watch _12) photo _13) orange _14)dictionary _15) tomato _16) dollar _17) peach_18) strawberry _19)church_20) child _V. 用动词的正确形式填空1. You _ from India. Brian _ from Korea. And I _ from China. (be)2. I _ Chinese and English. Brian _ German, Chinese and English. (speak)3. George _from Italy but he _ spaghetti very much. (come, like)4. Penguins _ in Antarctica. Its cold, so no people want _ _ there. (live)5. The movie is very scary. I _ _ it is a good movie for kids. (think)6. - Can I _ your dictionary?-I am sorry. My dictionary is at home but I think Mary _ one. (have)7. We are in the music club. Tom _ _ the piano. Michael and Diana _ _ the violin. I _ _ the guitar. (play)8. The 1st class _ (start) at 8:00 oclock and it _ (be) over at 8:40.9. His mother is a teacher. She _ (teach) Chinese in our school.10. I usually _ (come) to the classroom at 7:00 am. But he always _ (come) to school at 7:50 am.11. Julia always _ (go) shopping by car. But sometimes she _ (take) a bus.12. -_ (Do) your father usually help you with your homework? -Yes, he _ (do). 13. He _ (not go) home on weekends. So he always _ (wash) clothes by himself.14. Peter _ (speak) English very well. He can also _ (speak) French and German.15. David _ (not play）football. He only _ (watch) the football games on TV.16. My brother and I _ (want) to go to see an action movie. _ (do) you want to go?17. My uncle _ ( not need ) a calculator. 18. -_( Do ) Peter have a baseball ? - Yes, he _ (do), and he _ two baseball bats. 19. Mum, can you _ ( take ) me to the tennis club?20. - May I help you?- Yes, I _ ( look ) for a book on gardening.VI. 句型转换练习Part 1： 单复数转换。1. How much is that? _2. Is your uncle behind the armchair? _3. They go to the park by bus._4. There are buses to Manchester every day._5. A kangaroo can jump 30 kilometers an hour._6. Here are some good newspapers. _7. They cant walk._8. She doesnt have an orange hat. _9. They are army officers. _10. Baby koala bears arent very big but adult polar bears are very strong._Part 2： 将下列句子改为一般疑问句, 并作肯定和否定两种回答。1. I have a dictionary._2. There are a lot of animals in the zoo. _3. He does his homework at night. _4. Dogs live in all parts of the world. _5. Greenfield is a small village in England. _Part 3： 将下列句子改为否定句