雅思阅读中定语从句的语法知识-智课教育出国考试.pdf

智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料 雅思阅读中定语从句的语法知识 智课教育出国考试 雅思阅读中定语从句的语法知识先是给大家分享了定语从句的相关 概念 然后具体分析了一些阅读真题的例子 希望可以提高大家分析长 难句结构的能力 一 定语从句的定义 如果一个简单句放在一个名词或者代词之后 起修饰限定的作用 那么这个句子就叫做定语从句 所修饰的名词或者代词叫做先行词 连 接定语从句和先行词的词汇叫做关系词 可以分为关系代词和关系副词 常见的关系代词有that who whom whose which 经常在从句中 充当主语 宾语 定语等成分 常见的关系副词有when where why 介词 in which that 经常在从句中充当状语成分 定语从句可以分为两大类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词不可分割的一部分 不能去掉 并且不能用逗 号分开 非限制性定语从句不仅可以对先行词也可以对整个句子进行修 饰 与主句之间通常用逗号隔开 去掉并不会影响主句的内容 一般 我们见到的大部分的定语从句都是限制性定语从句 二 定语从句的知识点 1 关系代词引导限制性定语从句 例 1 Then in 1912 an Italian 2 hour film was hugely successful and Hollywood settled upon the novel length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today 剑6 Test 3 Passage 1 句子结构分析 这句话是由and连接的并列句 第一句话是主系表 结构 主语是an Italian 2 hour film 系动词是was 表语是successful in 1912是插入语 第二句话是主谓宾结构 主语是Hollywood 谓语是settled upon 宾语是the novel length narrative that引导限制性定语从句 修饰先行词narrative that是关系代词 在从句中做主语 2 关系副词引导限制性定语从句 例2 There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport 剑 6 Test 2 Passage 1 句子结构分析 这句话是there be 句型 主语是a belief 谓语是There is 宾语是belief that引导的从句是belief的同位语 同位语从句中动名词increasing wealth作主语 谓语是encourages 宾语是people 补语是to live farther out 关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词farther out 3 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句 例 1 A survey that I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying which in about one in ten cases was persistent 剑6 Test 4 Passage 3 句子结构分析 A survey后面省略了that引导的定语从句 that在从句中做宾语 主句谓语是found that引导宾语从句 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个宾语从句 例2 Now a long term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women who would otherwise have remained illiterate has a direct effect on their children s health and survival 剑6 Test 4 Passage 2 句子结构分析 这句话的主语是a study carried作后置定语修饰a study 谓语是has eliminated 宾语是these factors by表示通过某种方式 that引导宾语从句 从句的主语是teaching reading to poor adult women 谓语是has 宾语是effect who引导非限制性定语从句修饰women 4 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 例 3 In Nunavut s igloo and email society where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land there s a high incidence of depression 剑 6 Test 1 Passage 3 句子结构分析 in开头的介词短语作状语 where引导非限制性定 语从句修饰society 第一个wh