英语语法之非谓语动词用法.doc

英语语法之非谓语动词用法一、解析非谓动词作主语 1. 不定式作主语。如： To say is easier than to do. 解析：用不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作，并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do. 2. 动名词作主语。如： Walking after supper is good for both young and old. 解析：若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。 二、解析非谓语动词作表语 1. 不定式作表语。如： What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice. The library books are not allowed to be taken away. 解析：不定式作表语时，其后接动词（词组）主动式或被动式，与其最近的动词采用原形。 2. 动名词作表语。如： His job is teaching. The most famous writings in the world are worth reading. 解析：动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性，甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：Teaching is his job. 3. 分词作表语。如： The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it. 解析：现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，表语与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的心理状态，主语 和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用 法的有：surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等三、解析非谓语动词作宾语 1. 不定式作宾语。 如： She pretended not to see me when I came in. Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. 解析：有些动词之后要用不定式作宾语。表示某次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有 hope, agree, choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,refuse,arrange,desire等。 2. 动名词作宾语。 如： Would you mind my opening the window? He didnt remember having lived with his friend before. 解析：有些动词（词组）后接动名词形式，表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类 似的词有enjoy, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。 注意：want, need, require 等动词以物作主语时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用 不定式的被动式。如Those young trees need watering/ to be watered.另外，还有少数动词， 如mean, stop, try, cant help 等后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但各自发生时间有先后。 如： （1）The light in the room is still on. Oh, I forgot to turn it off. （2）Where is your pen? Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag.四、解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语 1. 不定式作宾语、主语补足语。如： The policeman told the boy not to play on the road. The old man was often seen to stand at the door of his house. 解析：诸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit, encourage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但hope, think, agree, insist, plan, suppose, suggest, announce, demand等动词不能这样用。如果动词let, have, make, hear, notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to等，用于被动语态中时，则可以用不定式作主语补足语。 2. 分词作宾语、主语补足语。 （1）现在分词作宾语、主语补足语。如： Toms father saw him sitting on the eggs. Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes. 解析：现在分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。 （2）过去分词作宾语、主语补足语。如： I had my house painted last week. Her book was found stolen when Kate came back home. 解析：过去分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系五、解析非谓语动词作定语 1. 不定式作定语。如： Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系） She has no wish to go with you.（同位关系） The second officer to come in was Smith.（主谓关系） This is the best way to learn a foreign language.（修饰关系） 解析：不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系、同位关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。 2. 动名词作主语。如： We shall have a writing competition. There is a swimming pool in the park. 解析：用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质或用途的作用。 3. 分词作定语。 （1）现在分词作定语。如： Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace. The villagers built a road leading to the city. 解析：现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常性、现在或当时的状态。 （2）过去分词作定语。如： There is a village called Gum Tree far aw