Report Writing - PowerPoint Presentation.ppt

ReportWriting CliffOgleby DepartmentofGeomatics TheUniversityofMelbourne ProfessionalDevelopment451 204 Overview ReportWritingWritingwithStyleclearconcisecorrectcompleteScientificReportWritingPreparatoryStagesReferencesGenderNeutralWriting Speech ProfessionalDevelopment ClearConciseCorrectComplete ProfessionalDevelopment WritingwithStyle OverallRequirements 4Cs WritingwithStyle WritingclearCorrectspellingPunctuation grammarcorrectArgumentswellpresented ProfessionalDevelopment If Then consideratewell educatedcompetentforceful WritingwithStyle WritingillegiblePoorspellingPoorPunctuation grammarArgumentspoorlypresented ProfessionalDevelopment If Then inconsideratelazycarelessoruneducatedincompetent WritingwithStyle ProfessionalDevelopment Generaltipstoimprovewriting StudymoregrammarMemoriseusefulexpressionsReadMorePracticeWritingStudyVocabularyConsiderwhatmakeswritingeffective WritingwithStyle Clarity UseadictionaryUseaThesaurusUsecorrectgrammar ProfessionalDevelopment BeClear UsePlainEnglish AvoidtryingtosoundintelligentSimplewordsarebetterthancomplexwords Avoidall purposeadjectives major significant Avoidunnecessaryqualifiers very rather extremely DonotusetautologiesAvoidjargon idiomsandsoon ProfessionalDevelopment BePrecise WritingwithStyle Clarity DonotrambleorwanderParagraphbreaksdenoteachangeoftopic emphasis Usethemtochangethefocus Usecorrectgrammar ProfessionalDevelopment MaintainFocus WritingwithStyle Clarity WritingwithStyle Clarity VarygrammaticalstructureUsestand inwords ProfessionalDevelopment AvoidMonotony LinkyourIdeas MakeyourpointsflowEncourageyourreadertoread WritingwithStyle Conciseness aswellasbeingcostly financiallyextravagant theventurewasfoolhardy reckless Don tjustsprayyourworkwithmodifiers onewell chosenwordisalwaysbetterthanaseriesofsynonyms ProfessionalDevelopment Useadverbs adjectivessparingly AvoidNounClusters Theuseofnounsasadjectives wordprocessorutilisationmanual WritingwithStyle Conciseness Generallybeginningwithwho whichorthat thesolutionswhichwerediscussedlastnighthaveapracticalbenefitwhichiseasilygraspedbypeoplewhohavenotechnicaltraining ProfessionalDevelopment Avoidchainsofrelativeclauses Avoid Itis ThereIs Beginnings Itiscertainthatpollutionwillincrease Pollutionwillcertainlyincrease WritingwithStyle Conciseness Sentencescanbereducedinlengthbyrewordingtomakethem punchier Clauses whichcontainverbs canbereducedtophrases whichdonot ProfessionalDevelopment Reduceclausestophrasesorwords DonotuseCircumlocutions duetothefactthat atthispointintime inthenearfuture WritingwithStyle Conciseness Trytoavoidthepassivevoice althoughmuchscientificwritingdemandsthirdperson ProfessionalDevelopment Beforceful Varysentencestructure Varylengthofsentences thisimprovesthevisualimpactofablockoftext Usecontrast Mostuniversitystudentsareintelligent UnlikeRMITstudents mostuniversitystudentsareintelligent WritingwithStyle Conciseness VarygrammaticalstructureUsestand inwords ProfessionalDevelopment AvoidMonotony LinkyourIdeas MakeyourpointsflowEncourageyourreadertoread ParticularGrammar ProfessionalDevelopment TheCommaQuotationMarksQuestionMarksExclamationMarksSemiColonColonApostrophe WritingwithStyle Correctness Shouldbeplacedwhereitsoundsasifneeded itrepresentsasmallpauseinreadingThereare20possibilitieswherecommasmaybeused bettertodevelopa commasense ProfessionalDevelopment TheComma WritingwithStyle Correctness Afast streamlinedcar Forexample thisiswhereyouuseacomma Afterwesetuptheinstrument weobservesomeangles OnMarch28 1993 the500ccAustralianMotorcycleGrandPrixwillbeheld Thestudent withoverwhelmingdebts wasverydepressed Thatisalie MrKeating ProfessionalDevelopment ExamplesofCommause WritingwithStyle Correctness Twoforms single ordouble AKAinvertedcommasUsedtoenclosedirectspeechUsedtoencloseTitlesUsedtoindicateenclosedtermsaretobereadatadifferentlevelthantherestofthesentence ProfessionalDevelopment TheQuotationMarks WritingwithStyle Correctness ProfessionalDevelopment TheQuestionMark UsedtoindicateaquestionOftenreadwitharisingtonePlacedinsidequotationmarksifitbelongstothespokenmatter WritingwithStyle Correctness ProfessionalDevelopment TheExclamationMark UsedtoendasentencethatmakesanabruptstatementCandescribejoy anger surprise humour danger WritingwithStyle Correctness ProfessionalDevelopment TheSemiColon Oftenusedbeforewordslike however moreover Usedtobreakuplists WritingwithStyle Correctness ProfessionalDevelopment TheColon UsedtointroducealistCanbeusedbeforesomebodyspeaks oraquotation saying Canbreakasentencewherethesecondpartsummarises expandswhatwasstatedinthefirst Replaceswordssimilarinmeaningto asaresult WritingwithStyle Correctness ProfessionalDevelopment TheApostrophe Punctuationmostabused especiallybysignwritersUsedtodenotepossessionUsedtoreplaceamissingletter contractions Itdoesnotgobeforeevery s itisnotusedtomakenounsplural WritingwithStyle Correctness ProfessionalDevelopment ExamplesofApostropheuse Jones sshopColes SupermarketTheboy sdog singularboy Theboys dogateitsbone pluralboys Thetree sheight theheightofthetreeAhardday snightAweeks holidayTwoweeks holidayHe saswimmer She saswimmerIt shere Australia sruggedbeauty WritingwithStyle Correctness ClearfocusontopicWide criticalreadingReasonedargumentpresentedCOMPLETEStructure process ProfessionalDevelopment SpecificRequirementsofScientificReportWriting WritingwithStyle Completeness HowdoIstructurethereport DoIneedtoincorporategraphics images Howwillthereportbepresentedfinally HowdoIensurethatgrammar spellingarecorrect ProfessionalDevelopment WritingaScientificReport Whatisitabout Whatlevelofanalysisisinvolved Whatreading researchisinvolved WherecanIgotogetit WhatdoIneedtoextract HowcanIsummarisewithoutplagiarising HowcanIprepareabibliography ProfessionalDevelopment WritingaScientificReport AnalysisoftopicBackgroundresearchAnalysisofdataFirstdraftRevision editingDiagrammaticmaterialsDocumentdesignProofreadingPrinting bindingAbstracts ProfessionalDevelopment PreparatoryStages Whatisrequired Whatisbeingasked Howmuchisrequired ProfessionalDevelopment PreparatoryStages Analysisoftopic BackgroundResearch CollectionofinformationLibrarysearchesforbooks journalsInterviewsOthersources Whatisappropriate WhatcanIdiscard WherecanIfollowthislead ProfessionalDevelopment PreparatoryStages Analysisofdata FirstDraft OutlineChapterheadingsBeginning middle end Whatcanbediscarded Whereisitlacking Areallreferencescorrectlycited ProfessionalDevelopment PreparatoryStages Revision editing Diagrammaticmaterials Includemaps DiagramsCharts GraphsTables TableofcontentsAbstractIndex listoffiguresPagelayoutParagraphbreaksStyles ProfessionalDevelopment PreparatoryStages Documentdesign Proofreading Printing binding Aprecis overviewonthearticle paper Informationsourcewhencollectingbibliographies researchmaterial Paragraph s summaryofresearchtopic methods results conclusion Usuallyplacedatthestartofapaper Oftenrequiredbeforeconferencepapersaresubmitted usedtoattractregistrants Theprecismaybecollectedandpublishedasan Abstract ProfessionalDevelopment PreparatoryStages Abstracts Anacknowledgementtoauthorsofworkstudied quotedorreferredtoThein textcitationactsasanindicatortothereferenceinthebibliographyreferencescitationsFootnotesAnessentialpartofscientificreport writingVerifiestheargumentspresented ProfessionalDevelopment References Citations Definition uses Authorsnames Yearofpublication Titleofpublication Titleofseriesifapplicable VolumeNumberifapplicable Edition Editor revisor compiler translator Publisher PlacePagenumberorsectionreference ProfessionalDevelopment References Books Referencestobooksmustinclude Strunk WandEBWhite 1979 Theelementsofstyle NewYork Macmillan notetheorderoftheinitials surnameforsecondandadditionalauthorsUnderliningcanbeusedwhereitalicsarenotavailable ProfessionalDevelopment References Books HarvardAuthor Date Authorsnames Yearofpublication Dateofissue Titleofarticle Nameoftheperiodical journal Titleofseries Volumeandyear Publisher PlacePagenumberorsectionreference ProfessionalDevelopment References Articles Referencestoarticlesmustinclude Pavio A 1975 Perceptualcomparisonsthroughthemind seye MemoryandCognition3 635 647The areusedtoenclosethetitleofthepaperinthejournalItisnolongernecessarytouseporpptodenotepages ProfessionalDevelopment References Articles HarvardAuthor Date ConferencePapers unpublished Theses Author dateConferenceatwhichthepaperwaspresented orUniversityatwhichthesispresentedpages ProfessionalDevelopment References Unpublishedmaterials Meeting SeminarPapers Asabove PersonalCommunications Interviews Author date m Authorsnames nameoforganisation DayandMonthAccessed Titleofpage URL UniversalResourceLocator ProfessionalDevelopment References ElectronicSources ReferencestoWWWmustinclude E G Walker JR 1995 MLA stylecitationsofelectronicsources Http www cas usf edu english walker mla html Accessed16April 1995 Author personsendingthemail Specificdate eithersentorreceived Title fromsubjectline Author semailaddress orwrite PersonalEmail soasnottobreachprivacy ProfessionalDevelopment References ElectronicSources ReferencestoEmailmustinclude E G Chipchase C 1998 March31 451 204Lecture5 electronicmail Personalemail Chipchase C 1998 451 204Lecture5 electronicmail March31 1998 Pavio1975 StrunkandWhite1979 Hartley Harkeretal 1980 NotetheuseofthecolontoseparateauthorsNocommabetweentheauthor snameanddate ProfessionalDevelopment References Citation In textcitation InterstateRoadTransportAct1985 Cwlth FirearmsAct1936 NSW ProfessionalDevelopment References Legislation AlwaysquoteActs legislationinfullIncludedateIncludejurisdictionForexample Useabbreviationsforsectionnumbers subsections paragraphs subparagraphs ProfessionalDevelopment References LegalBodies NameofcaseDateorvolumenumber orbothAbbreviatednameofreportseriesBeginningpageofreferenceInthecaseofcriminalcases theCrownistheprosecutor R v HaddockInthecaseofappealsagainsttheCrown Haddockv TheQueen ProfessionalDevelopment References Bible Koran Torah Psalm23 6 81Cor 13 9 BiblicalExamples Examplesfromotherreligioustexts Anexpertinthatreligionshouldbeconsulted ProfessionalDevelopment References BibliographicDatabases AspecialiseddatabaseprogramusedforstoringbibliographicdataOftenoptimisedforinsertionofcitations compilationofabibliographyEndnote usedthroughoutTheUniversityofMelbourneStandardDBpackageslikeMicrosoftAccessSharewarePackages Description E G s ProfessionalDevelopment References Abbreviations ibid inthesamework ibidem op cit Intheworkcited operencitato videseep pp page pagesfrom toAcceptablebibliographicabbreviationsinclude app art bk c cf ch col div ed eds edn eq seestylemanualformore ProfessionalDevelopment TheEqualOpportunitypolicyofTheUniversityofMelbourneaimsto eliminatesexist otherdiscriminatorylanguagefromallUniversitypublications discouragestheuseofsuchlanguageinpublishedandunpublishedmaterial andinthespeech writingofitsstaff students GenderNeutralWriting Speech ProfessionalDevelopment Whatis sexistanddiscriminatoryspeech writing GenderNeutralWriting Speech GenericsThepronounproblemModifiersApophasis Clayton s sexism StereotypesPaternalism ProfessionalDevelopment Whatare Generics GenderNeutralWriting Speech UsingageneralisedtermthatrefersonlytoaparticularsegmentofsocietyE G Assumingthe male isthenormforthehumanspeciespersonsinsteadofmenhumankindinsteadofmankind ProfessionalDevelopment Man isstilldefinedinthedictionaryinbothbroadandnarrowsenses GenderNeutralWriting Speech Specific Man anadultmalehumanbeingasdistinguishedfromafemale ProfessionalDevelopment GenderNeutralWriting Speech Generic Man Humanbeinggeneralorindefiniteapplications inthesense person thehumancreatureregardedabstractlythehumanracemankind man asagenericterm barriertoequality ProfessionalDevelopment Womenarenot Man GenderNeutralWriting Speech thegatesaremannedfrom8 30 5 00 theyaregorilla edafter5 00 in vitrofertilisationisanewtechniquetohelpmanreproduce whatascientificadvance imaginativewomanrequiredtojoinfour manteam reallyimaginative ProfessionalDevelopment ThePronounproblem GenderNeutralWriting Speech TheconventionofheitisnotagenderneutralthirdpersonpronounAvoidthegenericuseoftheterm ProfessionalDevelopment GenderNeutralWriting Speech Howtoeliminate Recastthepassageintoplural watchverbconjunctions though rewordcompletelyleastacceptableishe she his hers ProfessionalDevelopment Modifiers GenderNeutralWriting Speech respectedladysurveyor youngengineerteamuptocompleteprojectforwealthycontractor does surveyor haveagender Whatgenderisthecontractor thebeautifulandenigmaticBenazirBhutto thehandsomeanddiplomaticYasserArafat anattractivemother of four Profes