uint 2 shangwuyingyu.doc

徐 州 工 程 学 院 教 案 2012 年至 2013 年 第 二 学期 第 一 周 星期 一/三 课题名称（含教材章节）： Unit 1 Electronic Commerce in the 21st Century 教学目的和要求： Learn to tell the difference between electronic commerce and traditional commerce; Get to know the advantage of electronic commerce; Get to know the limitations of electronic commerce; Get to know some risks of shopping online; 教学重点： benefits of electronic commerce 教学难点： the future of e-commerce 教 学 内 容 （ 要 点 ）Text I: E-commerce : implications for business in the 21st centuryText II: A brief history of e-commerceText III: The future of e-commerce徐 州 工 程 学 院 教 案 纸Part I: How was the Internet Invented?innovation n.改革，创新military adj.军事的，军用的trigger vt.引发，引起，触发n. 扳机 missile n.导弹envisage v.正视protocol n.草案，协议render vt.呈递，表演，着色，实施animation n.活泼，有生气volunteer n.志愿者curtsy n.屈膝礼vi行屈膝礼establish vt.建立 v.建立Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 国防高级优先计划局 Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)信息处理技术办公室Semi-Automatic Ground Environment(SAGE) 半自动地面防空警备装置Interface Message Processor(IMP) 接口信息处理机National Science Foundation(NSF) 国家科学基金会World Wide Web(WWW,WEB) 万维网Many people think that the Internet is a recent innovation, when in fact the fundamental ideas behind the Internet have been around for over a quarter century.The development of what we now call the Internet started in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first satellite, beating the United States into space. 许多人认为因特网是近期的革新，事实上因特网背后的基本思想已经出现近30年了。我们现在叫做因特网的事物的发展开始于1957年，当时苏联发射了斯普特尼克1号，第一颗人造地球卫星，在太空战胜了美国人。 sputnik n.(苏联)人造地球卫星beating v.挫败The powers behind the American military at the time became highly alarmed as this meant that the USSR could theoretically launch bombs into space, and then drop them anywhere on earth. In 1958 the concerns of people in the US military triggered the creation of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). 在当时美国军事背后的力量变得高度警惕，因为这意味着苏联理论上可以向太空投掷炸弹并释放它们到地球上的任何地方。在1958年美国军人的关心触发了国防高级优先计划局的建立。at the time 当时, 在那个时候USSR n.苏联trigger vt.引发，引起，触发 DARPA 国防高级优先计划局 DARPAs initial role was to jump start American research in technology, find safeguards against a space-based missile attack and to reclaim the technological lead from the USSR. DARPA的初始原则是跃进式的开始美国技术领域的研究，找出对抗空基导弹攻击的防卫措施并从苏联手中夺回技术领先地位。 initial adj.最初的, 初始的reclaim vt.要求归还, 收回, 开垦After only 18 months after the creation of DARPA, the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency had developed and deployed the first US satellite. DARPA went on to have a direct contribution to the development of the Internet by appointing Joseph Licklider to head the new Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO). 在DARPA建立后仅18个月，DARPA已经发展并装置了第一颗美国人造卫星。DARPA通过任命Joseph Licklider为新信息处理技术办公室的领导继续对因特网的发展有一个直接的贡献。deploy v.展开, 配置went on 持续,继续前进head此处为动词IPTO信息处理技术办公室It was the job of the IPTO to further the work previously done by members of the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) program and develop technologies to protect the US against a space-based nuclear attack. IPTO的任务是扩展先前由半自动地面防空警备系统所作的工作并且发展技术来保卫美国抵御空基核攻击。 It 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语划线部分为过去分词短语做定语further 和develop是并列关系Licklider envisaged the potential benefits of a countrywide communications network, influencing his successors to implement his vision and to hire Lawrence Roberts who at that time was carrying out research with networks which was also being funded by DARPA. Licklider正视到了一个全国范围的通信网络的潜在利益，影响他的继任者执行他的先见之明并且雇佣了Lawrence Roberts，后者此时正在进行研究也是由DARPA投资的网络。 envisage v.正视successor n.继承者, 接任者vision n. 先见之明划线部分为定语从句，其中又有定语从句at that time adv.在那时Roberts led development of the ARPANet network architecture, and based it on the new idea of packet switching. A special computer called an Interface Message Processor was developed to realize the design. The ARPANet first went live in October 1969, with communications between the University of California in Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute. Roberts领导了ARPANet网络体系结构的开发，并且基于新的包交换的思想。一个特殊的被叫做接口信息处理机的计算机被开发出来以实现这个设计。1969年10月ARPANet网络第一次运行，连接在洛杉矶的加利福尼亚大学和斯坦福研究所。 划线部分为过去分词短语做定语Interface Message Processor(IMP) 接口信息处理机 The first networking protocol used on the ARPANet was the Network Control Program. In 1983, it was replaced with the TCP/IP protocol, which is still the standard used today. 第一个应用于ARPANet的网络协议是网路控制程序，在1983年，它被TCP/IP协议所替代，后者一直到今天还被作为标准使用着。 划线部分为过去分词短语做定语replace with v.取代, 以.代替In 1990, the National Science Foundation took over management of what was then called the NSFNet, and significantly expanded its reach by connecting it to the CSNET in Universities throughout North America, and later to the EUnet throughout research facilities in Europe. 1990年，国家科学基金会接管了当时叫做NSFNet的管理权，并且通过将其连接到遍及北美的大学间的计算机科学网络而扩展了它，随后连接到了遍及欧洲研究设施的欧洲网。 take over v. 接收, 接管CSNET 计 Computer Science NETwork 计算机科学网络EUNET 计 欧洲网Thanks in large part to the NSFs free-thinking management, and the growing popularity of the web, the nature of the Internet changed quickly in 1992, when the U.S. government began pulling out of network management and commercial entities offered Internet access to the general public for the first time. 在很大一部分上我们要感谢国家科学基金会的自由思想管理和迅速增长的网站的普及，互联网的性质在1992年发生了迅速的变化，当时美国政府开始退出网络管理，商业实体首次向公众提供因特网接入。 pull out v.拔出, 离开The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated WWW or called the Web). Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of instant cross-referencing. In most Web sites, certain words or phrases appear in text of a different color than the rest; often this text is also underlined. 因特网最广泛使用的部分叫“万维网”（经常简称为“WWW”或叫网站），它最突出的特征是超文本，一种很即时交叉引用的方法。在大多数网站上，原文中确定的单词或语句比起其他的显现出不同的颜色，这些文本也经常是带下划线的。 World Wide Web(WWW,WEB) 万维网 hypertext 超文本，含有指向其它文本文件链接的文本。cross-reference n.前后参照,交叉引用When you select one of these words or phrases, you will be transferred to the site or page that is relevant to this word or phrase. Sometimes there are buttons, images, or portions of images that are clickable. If you move the pointer over a spot on a Web site and the pointer changes into a hand, this indicates that you can click and be transferred to another site. 当你选择这样的单词或语句时，就转换到与这个单词或语句想关联的站点或网页，有时有按钮、图像或是可点击的部分图像。如果你在网站上移动指示器，指示器变成一只手时，这表示你能点击并转换到另一个站点。Using the Web, you have access to millions of pages of information. Web browsing is done with a Web browser, the most popular of which are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. The appearance of a particular Web site may vary slightly depending on the browser you use. 使用网络，你可访问数百万页信息。网站浏览可通过浏览器，其中最普及的是Microsoft IE和美国Netscape Navigator。根据你所使用的浏览器的不同，网站的外观可能会有轻微的变化。 access to 有权使用browser n. 浏览器美国Netscape公司，以开发Internet浏览器闻名depend on v.依靠, 依赖Also, later versions of a particular browser are able to render more bells and whistles such as animation, virtual reality, sound, and music files, than earlier versions.而且，后来的特殊的浏览器版本比早期的版本能表演出更多的铃声和哨声，比如说活泼的、高度逼真的声音和音乐文件。Today, the Internet is not owned or funded by any one institution, organization, or government, it is a self-sustaining widespread information infrastructure accessible to hundreds of millions of people world-wide. The Internet is, however, directed by the Internet Society (ISOC), which is composed of volunteers. 今天，因特网不被任何一个机构、组织、国家拥有或资助，它是一个自持续的分布广泛的信息构架，可触及世界范围内的数以亿计的人。然而，因特网是被互联网协会所领导的，协会由志愿者组成。 划线部分为形容词短语做后置定语ISOC Internet Society因特网协会 ISOC appoints the IAB (Internet Architecture Board) sub-council, the appointed members of which decide on standards, network resources, and network addresses. The day-to-day issues of Internet operation is taken care by of curtsy of a volunteer group called the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).互联网协会指定互联网架构委员会来委任决定标准，网络资源和网络地址的人员。因特网的日常操作问题由互联网工程任务组的志愿者们谦谨地照管。 IAB abbr. Internet架构委员会decide on对.作出决定day-to-day adj.日常的, 逐日的curtsy n.屈膝礼vi.行屈膝礼IETF 因特网工程任务组 In brief a small number of governing boards work to establish common standards, few rules or single organization bind the Internet, essentially the Internet is in the most