高中定语从句课件_我喜欢 (1).ppt

定语从句 一 定语从句的基本定义 在复合句中充当定语 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 定语从句的作用相当于形容词 用来修饰主句中的某一名词 代词或整个主句 所以也称为 形容词性从句 一 定语从句的基本定义 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 定语从句一般要放在先行词之后 用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种 关系词要紧跟在先行词之后 eg TheboywhoisreadingisTom 先行词 关系代词 Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks 先行词 关系副词 先行词和关系词的关系 1 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly 2 TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom 3 Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather 4 TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome themachine that theboy who theboy s whose intheschool where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 关系代词的实质 themachine amachine that which TheladyisGreen Wesawheryesterday her Thelady wesawyesterdayisGreen Who that 关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词 二 关系词的分类 关系代词 2 关系副词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语和定语 常用的关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 关系副词在定语从句中作状语 常用的关系副词有 when where why 二 关系词的分类 三 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1 关系代词的基本用法 三 1 关系代词的基本用法 who指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Theman who Italkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief whom指人 在定语从句中作宾语 可省略 Thegirl whom helovesisLiMei who whom which指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thispen which heisusingismadeinJapan which Heistheman that Itoldyouabout that指人或物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly that whose指人或物 在定语从句中作定语 不可省略 Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake whose as as指人或物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语和表语 常用在thesame as such as as as so as 等句型中 as不省略 此时是限制性定语从句 如 Iwanttohavesuchamobilephoneashehas 2 关系代词的用法注意点 1 that和which都可以指物 但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which 当先行词中既有人又有物时 如 Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 2 关系代词用法注意点 1 只能用that不能用which的5种情况 当先行词为不定代词all one few little no some any everything nothing nobody none等时 如 IhavereadallthebooksthatIborrowedfromthelibrary 当先行词被最高级修饰时 如 ThisisthemostbeautifulpicturethatIhaveeverseen 当先行词被序数词修饰时 如 ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten 当先行词被only just very right last等修饰时 如 ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays 2 that和who都可以指人 但下面两种情况 多用who 2 用who不用that的情况 先行词为all anyone one ones等时 如 Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited 先行词为those he和people时 如 Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman 3 在therebe live 结构中 先行词指人时 如 Thereisabeautifulgirlwhoasksforyou 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语 如 Thegirlinwhoseclasshestudiedhadheardthenews 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich 或 ofwhich the 名词 如 Thenovelwhosetitle thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle isRedandBlackisveryinteresting whose引导的定语从句 其先行词既可以指人也可以指物 whose的先行词指人时 可用ofwhom代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhom 或 ofwhom the 名词 如 Theboywhosemother themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother isadoctorismyfriend 4 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致 如 Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday 4 从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld that 2 Thedressisnew Sheiswearingit Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew that 1 Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld Wemetheryesterday 巩固练习 1 用定语从句合并句子 巩固练习1 用定语从句合并句子 3 Heisthekindperson Ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 Thisisthebestfilm Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith whomthat ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen which that who that whose which that who that whom which whose Ihaveafriend likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress Igaveher Theman legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer Kateisreadingabook istoodifficultforher 1 Thegirl isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter 2 Thegirl ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger 3 Thegirl motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell 4 Ican tfindthebook isborrowedfromthelibrary 5 Ican tfindthebook youlenttome who that who whom that whose which that that which 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 巩固练习2 用适当的关系词填空 Thefamily I mstayingwithlivesintown Iknowthestudent articlewaspublished Betty hasneverbeenabroad isstudyingEnglishverywell Myparentsliveinahouse ismorethan100yearsold Theboywith Johnspokeismybrother Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake which that whose who that which that whom whom 省略 根据从句中的动词搭配 Thisisthebook whichyouasked 注意 动词短语不能拆 即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了 TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 介词 whom which如何判断介词 for 根据从句中的形容词搭配 Hetoldmesomereferencebooks whichIamnotveryfamiliar Thisisourclassroom inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher sdesk 如何判断介词 with 根据先行词与介词搭配 介词 关系代词 关系副词 Mygrandpawasbornin1939 theWorldWar brokeout KunMingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround 如何判断介词 inwhich when inwhich where Thesong weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight Heisthehero weareproud Thisisthecollege we llvisitafamousactor Theearth weliveisabigroundball inwhich ofwhom inwhich onwhich Exercise Doyoulikethebook shespent 10 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 Doyouliketheteacher shelearnedalot Doyouliketheteacher wearetalkinghasgoneabroad Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear onwhich forwhich fromwhom aboutwhom ofwhich 介词 关系代词的使用 先行词是theway 意为 方式 方法 时 引导定语从句的关系词用that inwhich或省略 Ididn tliketheway shetalkedtome Theway heteachesEnglishisinteresting that inwhich that inwhich 5 先行词为theway 关系词的使用 关系代词as引导 1 先行词与such thesame连用或先行词本身就是thesame such时 要用as Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave 2 代替整个句子 在从句中作主语 而从句位于句首时 要用as Asiswellknown theearthgoesaroundthesun Theearthisround weallknow isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround as As It 定语从句在句首时只能用as as具有正如之意 动词一般较固定 as的使用 which Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege weallwanttohave Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege weallwanttohaveit as that as的使用 五 关系副词when where和why的用法 五 关系副词的基本用法 用关系副词when时 先行词指时间 when在定语从句中作时间状语 when可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Istillrememberthedaywhen onwhich IfirstcametoNanjing Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen inwhich WorldWar brokeout 1 when 1 when 用关系副词where时 先行词指地点 where在定语从句中作地点状语 where可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Thisisthefarmwhere onwhich weworkedwhenwewereyoung Theschoolwhere inwhich hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity 2 where 2 where 用关系副词why时 先行词指原因 why在定语从句中作原因状语 why可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Thereareseveralreasonswhy forwhich theboysshouldbepunished Tomcouldn tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy forwhich hewaslateforschool 3 why 3 why 4 关系副词的用法注意点 1 当先行词为time 表示 次数 时 应用关系词that或省略 如 Thisisthefirsttime that thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry 2 当point situation case等词作先行词表示 情况 境地 场合 等意思时 其后常由where引导定语从句 where在句中作状语 如 Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused 4 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 October1 1949wastheday Chinawasfounded 2 Beijingistheplace Ilive 3 Isthisthereason hedidn twanttoseeme when onwhich where inwhich why forwhich 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 4 Isthistheroom wewerelivinglastwinter 5 Thedaysaregone weused foreignoil 6 Yesterday wehadameeting wediscussedmanyproblems where inwhich when duringwhich atwhich where 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 Theroom heoncelivedisstillthere Theroom Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother where inwhich that which 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 2 Iwillneverforgettheday Imetyou Iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether when onwhich that which Thereason Idon tknowisknowntohim that which why forwhich 3 Thereason Idon tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime I llneverforgetthedays weworkedtogether I llneverforgetthedays wespenttogether Iwenttotheplace Iworkedtenyearsago Iwenttotheplace Ivisitedtenyearsago Thisisthereason hewaslate Thisisthereason hegave when inwhich that which where inwhich which that why forwhich that which 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 六 非限制性定语从句 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然完整或清楚 它和主句之间的关系比较松散 因此常用逗号隔开 不用that引导 Mywatch whichisveryold stoppedagain 六 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切 若省去 主句的意思就不明确 主从句之间不用逗号隔开 而非限制性定语从句则不然 试比较 ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread Thisisagoodbook whichiseasytounderstand 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 2 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词 而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词 也可以是部分或整个主句的意思 此时 一般用关系代词as或which引导 4 在非限制性定语从句中 不能省略关系代词 而在限制性定语从句中则可以 3 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导 而非限制性定语从句则不能 5 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时 介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词 如 6 在非限制性定语从句中 关系代词还可以作介词的宾语 Hehastwodaughters theelderofwhomismarried Heisill inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying 3 关系代词as which引导非限制定语从句时的区别 1 as和which都可指主句的整个意思 而不是主句中的某一个词 as引导的非限制性定语从句 既可在主句前 又可在主句后 有时还可插入主句中 而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后 如 3 as which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect Asisknowntoall themoontravelsroundtheearth 2 as多用于下列习惯用语中 asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的 4 介词 关系代词 结构引导非限制性定语从句 一般有以下几种结构 1 名词 介词 关系代词 Theyliveinahouse thedoorofwhichfacessouth 4 介词 关系代词 引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构 2 代词 介词 关系代词 Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom allofwhomareworkinghard 3 数词 介词 关系代词 LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels 4 形容词比较级 最高级 介词 关系代词 Chinahasthousandsofislands thelargestofwhichisTaiwan 巩固练习 1 Istillrememberthedays Iworkedwiththefarmers Istillrememberthedays Ispentwiththefarmers A whichB onwhichC whenD what2 Wewereontheway itbegantorain Idon tliketheway youspeaktoyourparents A whenB thatC howD which C A A B inwhich 3 Theteacherdidn tknowthereason shewasabsentyesterday Theteachercouldn tacceptthereason sheexplainedyesterday A howB whyC thatD who4 Isthisschool youevervisited Isthistheschool youeverstudied Isthistheschoolin youeverstudied A whereB whichC thatD theone B C D A B 5 Thisis hesaidatthemeetingyesterday Thisisall hesaidatthemeetingyesterday A thatB whichC whatD how6 isreportedinthenewspapers theyhavebeatenalltheotherteams isreportedinthenewspaperthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams isreportedinthenewspaperisthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams A ItB AsC WhichD What C A B A D 7 Itwassuchaneasyquestion theycouldanswer Itwassuchaneasyquestion theycouldanswerit A thatB asC whichD what8 Thatisthehouse windowshasn tbeencleanedformonths Thatisthehouse thewindowshasn tbeencleanedformonths Thatisthehouse but windowshasn tbeencleanedformonths A it sB itsC whoseD ofwhich B A C D B 9 Johnsaidhe dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours wastrue Johnsaidhe dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours but isnottrue A heB itC whichD who10 Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire died Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire dead A twoofwhoB twoofwhomC tw