英汉对照单词.doc

英汉对照近义词Merchants 煤商Dealers 买进卖出商人Businessmen （广义）商人Tradesmen （英）店主Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出Scenery 一国一地的自然风光Views 特别的景象Nature强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然象Urgent 紧急Hasty 草率Instant 立刻Prompt 快速；及时Contend 搏斗；争夺 (compete against sb. in order to gain sth.) Compete 比赛；竞争 (try to be more successful than another person or organization in business) compete with sb. for sth. / compete for office（争夺公职） / againstStruggle 斗争 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedomConflict 斗争 （两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion （分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to develop High invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押） Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住） He was detained by a flat tire on his way home. The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟） Cold weather retards the growth of many plants. Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them. Womens progress in the workplace is still hampered by males attitudes. Hamper sb. from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usual Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判 Protract ones stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while. The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen. The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth. Dont delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for 把归于Condemn for 谴责Accuse sb. of sth. 指责Criticize for 批判Announce 宣布；通知Publish 发表；出版Advertise 为做广告Inform 告知 (inform sb.of sth.)Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品；替补 Substitute teacher 代课教师Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. elseFraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄骗；诈骗 Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth. （比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划Refuse: 拒绝邀请Turn down 拒绝（口语）Reliable 可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）Confident 有信心的Faithful 忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于”a reliable person, a faithful fighterDependent 从属的；依靠的Income 总收入Wages 按周或日付酬Salary 月薪；年薪Pay 工资Buyers 买主Shoppers 家庭中外出购物的人Customers 顾客Clients 委托人Particular: special enough to mention separatelyPeculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying. Taste peculiarSpecial: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important. a special dietunusual: different from what is usualspecial -specially or especiallyspecially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( , especially when)Preliminary 初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）Primary 最初的；主要的；基本的；没有预备Elementary 初步的；简单的Fundamental 基础的Perplex （常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解 Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand. e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth. e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse （常用被动） Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand. e.g. Dont give me so much information.- you are confusing me. I was confused.Fatigued: very tired. e.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing to do. e.g. Children easily get bored. Thieves 小偷；窃贼Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼Robbers 强盗；贼Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）Synthetic 合成的False 假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒)Counterfeit 比Imitation 更贬义Artificial 人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g. mortal injures / blow / combatFatal: resulting in sbs death e.g. fatal accident / illness / injuresDeadly : like dead in appearance e.g. His face has a deadly paleness likely to cause death e.g. deadly personlethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g. a lethal dose of a drugImaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in ones mind e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative childImaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagineAll, every, onlyImagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth. could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind. e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: sb. for /with sth. for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry e.g. Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done.Compliment: sb. on sth. Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise himReprimand: sb. for sth. tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done wrong. sb. for V-ingChide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done.ComplimentComplement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being used e.g. an empty table in the corner empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left homeBlank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding; for TV; stop showing any images e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth. Vacant: vacant seat, room empty and available for sb. to use Vacant job, position empty and available for sb. to start withBare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grassDeceived 欺骗Deserted 遗弃Desperated 绝望Disappointed 失望近形词fiction 小说fraction 一部分friction 摩擦function 功能；职责tumble 跌倒stumble 拌倒scramble 攀登；争夺humble 谦虚；羞辱tremble 颤抖；担心lilac n. 浅紫色antique violet n. 古紫色pansy n. 紫罗兰色white n. 白色off-white n. 灰白色ivory n. 象牙色snowy white n. 雪白色oyster white n. 乳白色gray n. 灰色charcoal gray n. 炭灰色smoky gray n. 烟灰色misty gray n. 雾灰色 sometimes 有时some time 一些时间sometime 曾经；有朝一日some times 几次hatch 孵化catch 捉patch 缝补match 匹配bare 赤裸裸的；没有陈设的 （揭露）rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的care 小心；关心dare 敢于fare 车船费；乘客；伙食hare 野兔banish 禁止出入；驱逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）vanish 突然不见； 逐渐消失diminish 减少；贬低admonish 警告；告诫；忠告durability 耐用性flexibility 变通性；灵活性versatility 多才多艺；多功能hostility 敌意；敌视co- col- com- con- cor- with (共同)cooperate 合作coordinate 协调correlate 相关correspond 相符合collaborate 协作 （与cooperate 同，但多用于科学和艺术）observe 观察reserve 保留座位conserve 保护；节省preserve 保留deserve 值得prior 首先的superior 优先的inferior 次要的senior 高级的junior 初级的exterior 外部的interior 内部的sparrow 麻雀swallow 燕子hollow 空的sorrow 悲伤narrow 窄的pillow 枕头arrow 箭bold 勇敢的cold 冷的fold 折叠；褶gold 金hold 握mold 模式sold 卖出told 告诉migrant 移居者immigrant 入境移民immigrate 作为移民定居immigration 移居；（总称）外来移民emigrant 出境移民emigrate 移居外国emigration 迁移出境；（总称）移民edge 边沿hedge 矮树篱笆；障碍物wedge 锲子；锲形物；事情的起因pledge 誓言；典押；保人deduce 推断；演绎reduce 减少produce 生产induce 引诱；引起；导致；归纳seduce 唆使；引入歧途preclude 排除；杜绝；阻止exclude 除外include 包括 contempt 轻视attempt 企图prompt 促使；推动；激起 敏捷的form 形式deform 变形inform 通知transform 转变conform 一致except 除accept 接受concept 概念percept 感知；认知receive 收到deceive 欺骗conceive 含有perceive 知觉；意识到；把看作(perceive as / take as / regard as / see as )achieve 获得believe 相信 grieve 悲痛relieve 放松 Room 房间Doom 厄运；毁灭；定罪Boom 高潮，迅速发展Loom 织布机Intense 强烈的Intentional 有意的；故意的Intensive 精细的；强化的Intending 打算；意欲intended detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押） Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth. after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb. or continue to have sth. e.g. retain a sense of dignityCertain: 一定Contain: 容纳 assure : tell sb. that sth. with definitely happen. e.g. sb. that be ed of: feel certain that sth. will happenensure: make sure that it does happen (AmE. Insure) e.g. Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building. Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety. e .g. The bands latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth. bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb. that there is nothing to worry about. e.g. The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain. possibility 可能性validity 有效性；正确性reliability 可靠性security 保障；安全感conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable meansperceivable 可感知的；可认识的arise: begin to happen (problem, difficulty) e.g. arise from= caused byrise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successfulraise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voicearouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb. When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise. People or government raise / increase the price. E.g. The government is raising the tax.Respectful 尊重别人的；有礼貌的Respectable 值得人们尊重的；正派的Respected 受到人们尊重的Respective 各自的；各个的 resume 中断后重新开始consume 消耗assume 假定；假设；采用 (think that sth. is true although you have no