英语四级材料.doc

四级考试辅导 写作：一：确定主题句 主题句是写作不跑题的重要环节。四级考试多是提纲式作文，我们可以将文提纲中的各句译成英语作为主题句。如上例各段主题句分别为： 1It is very necessary to get to know the world outside 2There are several ways to get to know the world outside 3To me，I will take the following ways： 另外，有时提纲为简短的英文要求句，如上例也可以这样出题： 1Necessity of getting to know the world outside 2Ways to do it. 3My own practice 这是我们的对策是将其进行变换，使之成为主题句，扩展形式与前同。二、确保条理清楚技巧： 1议论文：正反论述要有条理。如上例第一段可以这样写：主题句(It is very necessary to get to know The world outside)+正面(Familiar with the world outside，we can)+反面(Otherwise，we will)。 2说明文：各列条要清楚。如上例第二段可以这样写：主题句(There are two ways to know the world)+举例(Firstly Secondly )注意：举例列条时最好选出很简洁的连词或副词，这样会使文章写得更有条有理。3描述文：怎么做要有条理。如上例第三段可以这样写：主题句(To me，I will take the following ways)+具体描述注意：主语要保持一致。三、确保字数符合要求的快速成文口诀：横向写作正反论述主题不 变添非重点词。 1.横向写作：指围绕一个主题进行扩展，一段只有一个中心。四级作文多是三段式，可在每一段中采用“主题句+两三句扩展句+一句结论句”的模式。其中结论句多出现在议论文的体裁中。 2正、反论述。在实际考试时考生通常会由于紧张或平时积累不够而感觉无法对主题句进行充分的论证。这时就可采用正、反论述的方法快速成文。 3主题不变，添非重点词。若感觉字数仍不够，可在保持主题不变的情况下，添加一些非重点词。如上例第三段： There are two ways (for us)to know the world outside (out of the campus)(主题句)Firstly，we may take the advantage of the media，such as reading the newspaper，(watching the television)，surfing on the internet and so on. (扩展句一)Secondly，its also good to take a parttime job，such as tutoring (or working for a software company) (扩展句二)(Any of these methods will enable us to get in touch with society)(结论句)1现象分析,解决问题型: 第一段：Its a common phenomenon thatWe often hear thatMore and more attention has been focused on the problem ofThe whole society should pay close attention to the problem of+问题The first reason is thatFirstly+理由一BesidesSecondly+理由二(或It brings not onlyIts results may be+后果一But alsoIt will also bring the changes to our society such as+后果二) 第二段：As the reasons above，we should do something such asWhen we think about it，we find three constructive solutionsFirst，People have figured out many ways to solve the problemFirstly+解决方法一We can alsoSecondSecondly+解决方法二+And finally+解决方法三 第三段：Personally，I believe thatIn my opinionI think thatTo meI will take the following ways to solve the problemIn my view+我的看法2. 正反观点对比型 第段：Some peopleperson holdthinkinsisttend to thinksay that+观点They point outbelieve that+理由一SecondlyAdditionally+理由二 第二段：On the contraryHowever，Other people hold the view+观点二They argue that+理由一Whats more +理由二第三段：In my opinionSo far as I am concernedI thinkAs for me+我的观点The reason is that+理由一。 And also十理由So+结论道理论证型 第一段：People believe in the proverb+谚语owing to the moral it teaches；+谚语内涵 第二段：An example of this case isExamples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb+举例第三段：In a word+结论图表题 第一段：As we can see fromAccording toAs shown in the chartgraphdiagram，there is a minimals1ightsmallsteepdramaticrapid suddensteadyslowgradualsharp increase risedecreasedeclinefluctuationreductiondroop of+图表描述对象 第二段：There are three mainly reasons responsible for this instanceFor one thing+理由一。For another+理由二The last but not the least thing is that+理由三 第三段：Although this graphcharttablediagram may not predict the entire situation in the future，I believe+预测。或To solve this problem，there are a lot of things for us to do+建议I. Should Education Be Commercialized? l. 近些年社会上出现了教育商业化的趋势 2. 有些人认为教育可以也应该商业化，有些人则持相反意见 3. 我的看法 With the fast development of economy, there is a tendency that education is becoming commercialized. People begin to associate education with money and believe that education can bring profit. Different people hold different attitudes towards this phenomenon. Some people think that education should be Commercialized because in market economy everything should be connected with money, otherwise, it cant catch the development of society and will lag behind. On the contrary, some people are against this opinion. They think that the function of education is just to educate young people, help them gain knowledge and help them grow in the right way. If education becomes materialized, it might be misleading. In my opinion, education should keep its original principle, that is, to educate people. Too much commercialization in education can be harmful to the individuals and the society in the long run.II. The Long Holidays 1长假给大学生带来的好处 2长假可能给大学生带来的问题 3我应当怎样过好长假 The long holidays will do good to college students. Firstly, they may take this opportunity to go for a travel or do something they like so that they can have a good rest in the middle of the term. Secondly, they can choose to take some short training courses to enlarge their knowledge. Thirdly, they may also choose to take a part-time job to get working experiences. The long holidays can bring some problems as well. For example, there might be safety problems when students travel home or other places. And long holidays cost students a lot of extra money. Moreover, study might be affected during and after the holidays. This is how I am going to spend the long holidays. I will first have a good rest, then try to entertain myself by novels and music. For the rest of the holidays, I want to review what I have learned while helping my parents do some housework. 对策6：熟悉四级考试中的惯用法。 如：come down with(生病), die away(渐渐消失)， look up to(尊敬), go Dutch(AA制), get cold feet(战战兢兢) 分类整理与大学生活有关的字群，如学科、课程等。如：freshman, sophomore, junior, seniormajor,(主修) minor(副修), transcript(成绩单), credit hours(学分数), term paper, midterm test, final examauditing a course(旁听一科) 对策7：熟悉一些场景用语。 1）银行用语。Withdraw-deposit, open a bank account, a saving account, a checking account, 5% interest, cash a check2)邮局用语。Mail that package, send a letter by air mail, registered letter/mail(挂号信)2)邮局用语。Mail that package, send a letter by air mail, registered letter/mail(挂号信)4)医护用语。Prescription, get an upset stomach, get a headache, lose ones appetite, feel sick to ones stomach, a sore throat5)旅行社用语。Make a reservation, a round-trip ticket, one-way fare, first class, economic class, a credit card, travelers check6)机场用语。Depart from gate 3, arrive at gate 7, flight 301, a window seat(靠窗座位), an aisle seat(靠走道座位)，smoking section, non-smoking section, boarding pass(登机牌)7)电话用语。A long distance call, make a local call, a wrong number, busy line, make a collect call, make a person-to-person call(打叫人电话), deposit the correct change(投入正确的零钱)，area code, dial ones number.阅读理解问题常出现的词有：approving, comical滑稽的, compromising妥协, concerned担心 忧虑, critical批判的, cynical(愤世嫉俗的), defensive保守的, disappointed, disapproving, disgusted反感, 厌恶, 嫌恶, doubtful, enthusiastic热心 感兴趣, friendly, hostile敌意的, humorous, indifferent中立 不关心, indignant愤怒的, ironic(讥讽的), light-hearted(兴高采烈的), literal(朴实的，文字上的)， matter-of-fact事实上, mocking愚弄, negative, neutral中立, objective, optimistic, pessimistic, positive, questioning(探询的，追问的), sarcastic(讽刺的，挖苦的), satirical(讽刺性的，爱挖苦人的), serious, subjective, suspicious, sympathetic同情 赞同 支持, tragic(al)悲剧翻 译 常见句型The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加热)whether (it is) heated or notNot only _ (他向我收费太高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me Your losses in trade this year are nothing _ (与我的相比).Compared with mine/in comparison with mineOn average, it is said, visitors spend only _(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.half as much money By contrast, American mothers were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.to attribute their childrens success to The output of the factory this year _ (是1990的十倍)is ten times that in 1990He _(把他的成功归因于) the help of his tutor.owed/attributed his success to(他以蔑视的态度对待我们)_ is contemptible.His contemptuous attitude towards us Several blocks from the park, Clement Street is busy like a second Chinatown_(那儿有几十家民族餐馆)With dozens of ethnic restaurants_ (除了对最新的信息技术感兴趣外)，the student has also developed a lasting enthusiasm for sports, especially football.Apart from interest in the latest information technologyI am _(有足够理由指控你) neglecting duty.justified in accusing you of _(使Johnson夫人大为宽慰的是), she found neither her husband nor her son got injured in the car accident.Much to Mrs. Johnsons relief_(据我所知)，she has lived in Moscow for ten years. Studying may be difficult just now, but _(从长远来看你将受益).you will benefit in the long run.His parents encouragement _(增强了他的自信心) and motivated him to further success.Enhanced/Strengthened his self-confidenceThe journalists were informed that the Queen_(将于次日接见他们)was to give them an audience the following day_(毫无疑问) that she is the most qualified candidate for the significant position.There is no doubtEric _(出生于瑞典北部的一个小镇上), but immigrated into the U.S.A. with his parents at an early age.was born in a small town in the north of SwedenIm sure I can do at least as well as, _(就算做不到更好), my classmates who have entered for the contest, too.if not better thanHe hurried there, _(却发现会议结束了) and nobody was there.only to discover/find the meeting was overShe left the room quickly_(以免吵醒孩子) the baby.so as not to wake up/for fear of waking up_(此乃人之常情) that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becomin