新概念3文本.doc

Learning tips学习在线教程时，建议大家先把课文听两遍，再继续听老师的讲解,自行作笔记并完成练习学习词汇时，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句型结构时，则要把它放在段落结构或文章里体会Lesson 1 A puma at large Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country,this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.Language pointsPay attention: The points below are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to listen to the mp3 first and try to take notes by yourselves. 1，a puma at large at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。2：详细的(in detail)3：总体来讲（as a whole）2，Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. tip: 在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点。 体会课文第一二句话，乃至第一段在全文中的作用。cat-like 像猫的，偷偷摸摸的 life-like 栩栩如生的3，When report came into London zoo. 当伦敦动物园接到报告. 同种结构的句型：(An idea) come to sb.某人突然想到了.4， They were not taken seriously. take sth. seriously: deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事 take sth. lightly 草率对待某事 注意：例句的they指的是reports, 意思是：The experts did not take the reports seriously.5,The descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事6，Experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. confirm: be sure, be certain7，The search proved difficult. 这个语境中：search=hunt8， Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. leave behind: 把某物留在后面9，A businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.on + 名词：强调动作正在进行 on the rise:在上升 on the increase: 在增加 on the watch: 在观看 on the match:在比赛中 on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中 on holiday: 在度假10， The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma. fully: completely, entirely 11，This one must have been in the possession of a private collector. in the possession of sb=in sbs possession 归某人所有 in possession of sth. 拥有某物 take possession of 拥有 tip: 请大家体会下同种意思的不同表达，让我们的语言丰富起来！ eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me. I am in possession of the beautiful car. The person in possession of the big house is excited.12， It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. It is disturbing to think that 一想到.就心里不安key structure & grammar1. simple sentence, compound sentence andcomplex sentence(check NCE2 L73) 本文主要有复杂句组成，复杂句是由简单句构成的，分析复杂句的意思： 1）先看句子由几个部分组成； 2）通过link word来判断主从句关系；e.g. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. 分句1：The evident began to accumulate.as 表示伴随主句同时发生的状态 主句：Experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate.tip:在阅读中，先看主句有助于全文理解和提高阅读效率。分句2：The descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the pumawere extraordinarilysimilar. for 表示原因，翻译做：因为 这个分句还可以再细分:句子的主干部分是：The descriptions were similar given引导的部分是过去分词作定语，修饰description 而这一成分中，who引导的定语从句，用来修饰people2.被动语态常用于表达事实的客观性tip: 英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，故常用被动语态；而中文则善于运用动作的执行者,常用主动式被动语态的特殊结构：被动语态现在分词e.g.puma fur was found clinging to bushes 现在分词clinging起补充说明主语的作用3，定语从句和同位语从句 一般来讲, 定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可把谓语动词放到从句之前。让我们来看两个文中的例子： (1)Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.(2)Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London. 现在让我们来回顾下两种从句的区别： (1) 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。 定语从句的引导词：指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which 时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why(2) 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容同位语从句的引导词：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which时间 when; 地点 where e.g. I have no idea what has happened to him.大家学的怎么样？我们来测试一下吧Exercises1.choice questions(1) What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village? a. The puma had not attacked the woman. b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as a large cat. c. A puma had come very close to a human being. d. The puma had behaved like a cat.(2) The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma. a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thought(3) , it immediately ran away.a. Observing her b. On being observedc. Having been observed d.On her being observed2.translation（4）一想到考试失利，我心里就很不安。（5）她突然想到也许她可以用另一种方法来做实验。（6）她坚信丈夫会回来。（7）我们需要找一个可靠的人。（8）伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。（9）熊猫是一种体形像猫的大动物，产于亚洲。（10）However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. 3.Writing（11）Summarize the story within 3 sentences.(You can alsouse one complex sentence to summarize.)Step 1 过目一下新词，先混个脸熟；推荐使用金山词霸，跟读每个发音；特别陌生的单词请在纸上拼写一下：） New words and expressionspuma n. 美洲狮spot v. 看出，发现evidence n. 证据accumulate v. 积累，积聚oblige v. 使感到必须hunt n. 追猎；寻找blackberry n. 黑莓human being 人类corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境trail n. 一串，一系列print n. 印痕cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘convince v.使信服somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因disturb v. 令人不安Step2把单词放课文中过一遍，课文中有不认识的单词记得摘录出来Step3让我们再进一步认识这些单词吧；特别注意他们的同/近义词及例句应用；推荐自己也模仿着造句：）1.spot v. 看出，发现英文释义To detect or discern, especially visually; spy.同/近义词pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of 例句应用A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。来做个比较spot(v.) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。find 强调发现的结果。find out 查出事实真相。discover 做出重大发现notice 注意到observe 观察watch 观察活动中的人或画面其他常用词性spot n. 斑点 Ex:There is a white spot on the shirt.常用词组on the spot 1、at once, immediately 立刻，马上Ex: Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2、at the place of the action 在现场Ex: Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.2.evidence un. 证据英文释义A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment同义词 evidence=proof例句应用When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.常用词组in evidence 显而易见的 Ex: He was in evidence at the party.3.accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚英文释义vt.To gather or pile up; amass. vi. To mount up; increase.同/近义词的比较 1）accumulate 强调积累的过程Ex: As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.2）gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处3）collectv.收集，采集4) assemble vi.集合，集会， vt. 装配5) hoard v.大量地贮存 hoard up= store upEx: The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.6) amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）4.oblige v. 使感到必须英文释义To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means.常用词组feel obliged to do sth. 感觉有必要做某事be obliged to do sth被迫做某事Ex: 1)She was obliged to go. 她不得不走。2)The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。5.hunt n. 追猎；寻找英文释义The act or sport of hunting;A diligent search or pursuit同/近义表达的比较 run after 强调追赶、追求.seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursuechase追赶.search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物6.corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 n.角落英文释义vt.To place or drive into a corner;vi.To come together or be situated on or at a corner;n. The area enclosed or bounded by an angle formed in this manner常用词组(注意介词的用法)at the corner of the streetin the corner of the roomon the corner of the deskbe cornered 被逼得走投无路(常用于被动语态)Ex:1）The thief was cornered at last.2）The problem cornered me. 这个问题把我难倒了。7.trail n. 一串，一系列 vt.跟踪, 追踪(=follow)英文释义n.Something that is drawn along or follows behind; a trainvt.To follow the traces or scent of;to follow the course taken by; pursue:其他常用词性 trail=follow vt. 跟踪Ex: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.8.cling (注意cling的过去式及过去分词为 clung ) vi.粘附英文释义vi.To hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining;To remain emotionally attached; hold on近义词stick 粘住 （stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的）例句应用She is always clinging to her mother.He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)9.convince vt. 使信服英文释义To bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action常用词组convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sthbe convinced that 确信， 承认（和宾语从句that 搭配使用）sb be convincedsb相信（没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构）10.somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因英文释义In a way not specified, understood, or known.近义表达by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown区分记忆somewhat =a little adv.稍微, 有点, 有些11.disturb v. 令人不安英文释义To break up or destroy the tranquillity or settled state of；To trouble emotionally or mentally; upset比较disturbing 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的若对某事/某人感到不安，就用be disturbed的结构，主语一般都是人；如果某事或某人本身让别人觉得不安的话，就用sth./sb. is disturbing 的结构 Step4 Fighting再做些练习，一定要坚持：）Exercises Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1.After 50 yearss hard work, the old man has_a large fortune.a. done b.worked c.accumulated2.After two days searching in the area, the small boat was at last_.a.spotted b.realised c.revealed3.Can you show me any_to prove your innocence?a.confirm b.evident c.evidence4.Being a full-time student, you are_to take all the courses.a.made b.forced c.obliged5.A rumour about an escaped criminal_the peacefulness of the little town.a.finished b.disturbed c.broke6.It is horrible to know that such a dangerous animal is _large in the city.a.in b.at c.for7.By hunting, the villagers mean the hunting_foxes.a.at b.for c.to8. This valuable stamp is_the possession of a private Japanese collector.a.at b.for c.in9.Poor living conditions are what they mainly complain_.a.of b.with c.to10.The White House spokesman_that the time of the election would not be changed.a.reformed b.convinced c.made it clear1-5 caccb6-10 bbcac 注释1.After 50 yearss hard work, the old man has_c.accumulated_a large fortune.accumulate v.积聚, 堆积2.After two days searching in the area, the small boat was at last_a.spotted_.be spotted:被发现realise v.觉悟, 明白reveal v.显示，揭露3.Can you show me any_c.evidence_to prove your innocence?confirm v.确认evident adj.明显的, 显然的evidence n.证据，迹象4.Being a full-time student, you are_c.obliged_to take all the courses.be forced into 被体力或暴力强迫做.最为普遍，通常指力量的使用，尤其是体力上，或指不允许任何替代屈从的环境的进行be in force 生效, 有效be obliged to 被迫做某事;obligate 适用于在法律合约或承诺或某人受正当的良心/知的支配下施加压力做的5.A rumour about an escaped criminal_b.disturbed_the peacefulness of the little town.rumour n.传闻，谣言disturb v. 扰乱 （看一下帖子中这个单词的英文解释）6.It is horrible to know that such a dangerous animal is _b.at_large in the city.at large 逍遥自在的，逃逸的，未被控制的7.By hunting, the villagers mean the hunting_b.for_foxes.hunt for v.搜寻8. This valuable stamp is_c.in_the possession of a private Japanese collector.in the possession of 拥有, 持有9.Poor living conditions are what they mainly complain_a.of_.complain of v.抱怨10.The White House spokesman_c.made it clear_that the time of the election would not be changed.reform:vt. 改革, 革新,convince:vt.使确信, 使信服made it clear:解释,说明Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.Whatever are you doing up here Bill ? asked the vicar in surprise. Im trying to repair the bell, answered Bill. Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.You certainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, Im glad the bell is working again.Thats the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. Its working all right, but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it.Well get used to that, Bill, said the vicar. Thirteen is not as good as one, but its better than nothing. Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea.Language points Attention: The points here are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to listen to the mp3 first and try to take notes on your own.1, Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. 现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配-表示说话人带有的情感色彩Tom is always doing homework.He is always making noises.one or another 表示某种、这样或那样get enough money 筹集足够的资金来做某事have sth. done 找某人来做某事 e.g. have the plane repaired修飞机 have hair cut 剪头发 tip: 在翻译中，不一定要把找人这两个字翻译出来，但是读者可以据常理推断这件事不是句中的主语做出的。 让我们来下下面这两句话： His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen. 某人所遭受到的意外某种情况-主语必须是发出动作的人2, The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.used to:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了 e.g. He used to smoke every day.3,One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start.however 用于口语，主要用于句首；用于作文中时，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来 e.g. I know his story, however, I wouldnt like to tell you. I know his story, I, however, wouldnt like to tell you. however 可用nevertheless, nonetheless 替换start: 惊跳、惊奇Eg: The voice made him start. 那声音吓了他一跳。What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳4, The bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. before .才 e.g. Nearly a week past before he could explain what had happen to him. 文中的例句，我们也可以这么表达： The bell did not stop until it struck thirteen times.It was not until the thirteenth strokethat the bell stopped. tip: 体会用不同的搭配表达同种意思, not. until.It was not until.that. 知道.才.5,Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. 分词做状语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致。 第一个句子中，动作look和主语he之间是主动关系，因而用了现在分词。 第二个句子中，动作arm和主语the vicar之间是被动关系，所以用了过去分词。我们可以将状语还原成句子：The vicar was armed with a torch then he went up into the clock tower.6, In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.In the torchlight 在电筒光下非正式用语中whom可以省略掉recognize sb as 认出某人是 搭配相近的词组有： regard sb as 把某人认作 think of sb as 把某人看作 treat sb as(把某人对待为) have on sb as（把某人尊敬为）7, Whatever are you doing up here Bill ？ whatever用于疑问句中，加强what的语气，作究竟什么解释。8, Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now.night after night 一夜连着一夜，这里也可用every night代替，表示没有一夜例外。 after在这里表示：一个接着一个 这种 A after A 的词组还有： day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after bus9, You certainly did give me a surprise!肯定句中常用助动词do, did, does加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。 文中在did之前，还用了副词certainly，意思是的确，进一步加强了语气。e.g. You do look beautiful today. 你今天看起来真漂亮。10, Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀。11, Still, Im glad the bell is working again.still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。意思是尽管如此，依旧，仍然 这里still = Just the same，本句也可这样表达：All the same, I am glad the bell is working again.12, Well get used to that, Bill.get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于 get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态 e.g. We are used to the cold weather here.You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。这里的to都是介词