英语综合高级教程(下)答案unit 9 社会.doc

社会单元Section A Text OneThe Cost of Starting Families FirstI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. make ends meet 2. perk 3. cut back on 4. unencumbered 5. conundrum6. sabbatical 7. intangible 8. time off 9. way 10. skimp on11. put on hold 12. stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended upII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1. accomplish 2. mature 3. inseparable 4. expenses 5. pregnant6. elevator 7. ease 8. scarcity 9. administration 10 maintenanceIV. Test your general knowledge1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C. 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. DV. Proofread the following passageThe majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an“elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,marriage was not based on individual but group choice and was 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriagehas characteristically occurred at a very early age for women andmaximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balancedby heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perenniallytriggered by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In this demographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. atThere were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid populationgrowth for short periods before the positive checks operate again.4. operatedWhen the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the greathistoric civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe upto the end of the eighteenth century, is clear that a revolution has5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and so is themating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has importantimplications for the origins in industrialization and the current6. ofdemographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patternsin the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by theapplications of new method and the discovery of new materials.7. methodsHistorical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths areextremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely thatmuch could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. th/ethe nineteenth century. The work of historical demographers, particularlyin France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the methodof “family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages and burials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitantsand other documents, have provided a new picture of the emergence of 9. has that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drewattention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentratesphenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its mostextreme and most precocious form.Section A Text TwoBalding, Wrinkled, and StonedI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. turned out 2. irreversible 3. big-time 4. modulate 5. intermittently6. pounce on 7. enormous 8. peer 9. whip up 10. notorious11. rigorous 12. shake off 13. diminish 14. threshold 15. come byII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. cumulation 2. estimated 3. recruitment 4. survival 5. intoxicating6. compulsive 7. furtively 8. catastrophically 9. addictive 10. recoveryV. Proofread the following passageThe impulse for an official report on smoking and health, however,came from a alliance of prominent private health organizations. In June1. an1961, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, theNational Tuberculosis Association, and the American Public HealthAssociation addressed a letter to President John F. Kennedy, on which2. inthey called for a national commission on smoking, dedicated to “seekinga solution to this health problem that would interfere least with thefreedom of industry or the happiness of individual.” The Kennedy 3. individualsadministration responded the following year, after prompting from awidely circulated critical study on cigarette smoking by the RoyalCollege of Physicians of London. On June 7, 1962, recently appointing4. appointedSurgeon General Luther L. Terry announced that he would convene acommittee of experts to conduct a comprehensive review ofthe scientific literature on the smoke question. Terry invited5. smokingrepresentatives of the four voluntary medical organizations who hadfirst proposed the commission, as well as the Food and DrugAdministration, the Federal Trade Commission, the American MedicalAssociation, and the Tobacco Institute (the lobbying arm of the tobaccoindustry) to nominate the commission members. Ten were finally chosen,6. therepresenting a wide swath of disciplines in medicine, surgery,pharmacology, and statistic, though none in psychology or the social 7. statisticssciences. Candidates qualified only if they had taken no previous standon tobacco use.Meeting at the National Library of Medicine in the campus of the8. _on_National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, from November 1962 through January 1964, the committee reviewed more than 7,000 scientific articles with the help of over 150 consultants. Terry issued the commissions report January 11, 1964, choosing Saturday to minimize 9. onthe effect on the stock marketand to maximize coverage in the Sunday papers. As Terry remembered the event, two decades late, the report 10. later“hit the country like a bombshell. It was front page news and a lead story on every radio and television station in the United Statesand many abroad.”Section B Text OneWhat Makes New Yorkers TickI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. aggravation 2. blas 3. panhandlers 4. smitten with 5. make tick6. getup 7. weird 8. curb 9. bounce 10. bring home to11. jerky 12. Booster 13. spare 14. stroke 15. anonymityII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1. awareness 2. dwell 3. registration 4. irritating 5. impression6. fun 7. excited 8. addressee 9. awe 10. probabilityIV. Test your general knowledge1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D. 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. AV. Proofread the following passage One of the unpleasant things about traveling are bad places in the road that causes bumps and jolts, upsetting you and knocking over your1. causecoffee. These are particularly bad when youre not expecting them. Its the same way when youre in that I call “the Transatlantic Zone” - 2. whatthats any place and any time Americans and Germans are doingbusiness together. In the Transatlantic Zone there can also be bumps andjolts if youre not expecting them. Let me give you an example.3. when When I was starting up my freelance business in 1984, I had a German client, a businessman, came to me and liberally shocked 4. whome by the way he explained what he wanted from me.He said to me at our first meeting, “Mr. Parks, you have to be merciful with me, you have to stamp out every single mistake 5. mercilessI make.” He was referring to his use of English, and to this day I vividly remember his words, the pinched, painful look onhis face, and the pounded fist on my table as he said these 6. poundingwords. At the time I wondered just what sort of relationship I was getting myself into.What I didnt fully understand back then was that German professionals expect high-level, expert performance for themselves, 7. _of_and that fumbling around in English, the language of international tobusiness, amounts personal embarrassment, personal shame even. Americans, on the other hand, usually dont worry linguistic perfection. 8.aboutAn American might put learning a foreign language on the important-things-to-do-list. He might even start taking lessons, but he certainly wouldnt see performance in the language as a resource 9. sourceof soul-searching anguish.These are differences in our personal way of conducting business, ve/ry rather typical differences between Americans and Germans, 10. very differences that can lead to friction in our person to person communication. This sort of friction leads to a loss of effectiveness in transatlantic business, and today I would like to explore with you reasons for this loss in effectiveness, and what to do about it.Section B Text TwoLooking For A Few Good SnitchesI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. let out 2. pleaded 3. denunciation 4. languish 5. counterfeit6. lobby 7. rattled off 8. retaliation 9. loath 10. insular11. incarcerate 12. undercover 13. apparel 14. inept 15. plucked offII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1. worse 2. attachment 3. assignment 4. proof 5. govern6. entry 7. refusal 8. threaten 9. suspect 10. luxuriousV. Proofread the following passageThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launched an intensive searchof Nash which extended over the entire United States and parts of Canada.1. forEvidence gathered by the FBI indicated that Nash had assisted in the escapeof seven prisoners from the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth on December11, 1931.The investigation also disclosed Nashs close association to Francis L. 2. to Keating, Thomas Holden and several other well-known gunmen who participated in a number of bank robberies throughout the Midwest. Keatingand Holden were apprehended by FBI Agents on July 7, 1932, at KansasCity, Missouri. Information gaining by the FBI as a result of the apprehension3. gainedof these two indicated that Nash was receiving protection from hisunderworld contacts in Hot Springs, Arkansas.Based on such an information, two FBI Agents, Frank Smith and F. Joseph4. anLackey, and McAlester, Oklahoma, Polic