unit6教学计划(包含which和that的用法).doc

Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.学习目标：1. 学会表达自己对某人或某物的喜爱和理由。 2. 能对自己看过书和电影，听过的CD进行评述。一、词汇prefer 更喜欢 lyric 歌词，抒情词句 entertainment乐趣，快乐feature 特点，特征 photography摄影，照相photographer 摄影师exhibition 展览，展览会 gallery 美术馆，画廊 energy 活力，力量double 双倍spoil 宠爱 figure 统计数字二、词组1. sing along with 伴随.歌唱 2. go on vacation 继续度假3. all kinds of 各种各样的4. prefer. to. 比.更喜欢. 5. be honest 诚实 6. remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 7. be important to sb 对.重要 8. be sure to do sth肯定做某事 9. come and go 来来往往 10. see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 11. be lucky to do sth很幸运. 12. on display 展览 三、日常用语1. Rosa likes music thats quiet and gentle. 2. - What kind of music do you like? -I like music that I can sing along with. 3. - What kind of singers do you love? - I love singers who write their own music. 4. -Why do you like this CD? -This music is great because you can dance to it. 四、知识讲解Section A：1. I like music that I can sing along with. 我喜欢可以跟着唱歌的音乐。 sing along with the music 和着音乐一起唱，类似的还有：dance to the music 伴随着音乐跳舞2. I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我比较喜欢歌词好的歌曲。prefer v. 更喜爱，更喜欢.相当于likeverymuch. 具体用法如下: （1）prefer + n. (名词),例如:I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs. 我更喜欢演唱轻柔音乐的组合。（2）prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事,例如:Ipreferredtostaybehindratherthangowithyou. 我宁愿留下来不愿和你们去。（3）prefer sth to sth 比更喜欢, (此句型中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)相当于likeAbetterthanB.意为“喜欢A，不喜欢B；宁愿A，不愿B” 使用这个句型，最重要的原则就是“前后一致”，也就是说，prefer和to后面部分，不论词性、形式都要相同。例如： Ipreferfishtomeat. 我喜欢鱼，而不喜欢肉。(prefer名词to名词) Ipreferreadingtoplaying. 我宁愿读书，不愿玩耍。(prefer动名词to动名词) -Which would you prefer , coffee or milk ?咖啡和牛奶，你喜欢哪一个？-I prefer milk to coffee. 与咖啡相比，我更喜欢牛奶。3. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music. 这支曲子让我想起了巴西舞曲。remind sb of sb / sth 提醒，使记起4. I love singers who write their own music我喜爱自己写音乐的歌手。(1)这个复合句中包含由关系代词who引导的定语从句。先行词是singers，who在此指人，在从句中做主语。文中出现的类似句子还有：(2)love作为实义动词，常意为“爱；热爱；喜欢”。例如：I love music(skating)(love后加v.-ing表示习惯性动作)我喜欢音乐(滑冰)。 (3) own在句中作为形容词，意为“自己的”。例如：I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见的。5. I like groups that wear really cool clothes我喜欢穿着非常酷的衣服的组合。 I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs我喜欢那些演奏轻柔的歌曲的组合。(2)wear在此作为及物动词，意为“穿着，戴着”；也可意为“呈现，显出；用旧，磨破；使疲乏；使厌烦(out，down)”。例如：He wears a happy smile他带着幸福的笑容。I have worn my socks into holes(worn是wear过去分词)Months of illness wore her down6. Whats your favorite group?你最喜欢的组合是什么?If I am free tomorrow，Ill go to see you如果明天我有空，我将去看你。4. It does have a few good features，though尽管它确实有一些好的故事情节。(1) does在句中强调谓语，意思是“确实，的确”。在英语中的肯定句和祈使句中，为了加强动词语气，常用do/does/did+动词原形。例如：He does speak well他的确说得好。As you know，I do like that blue car very much你知道，我的确非常喜欢那辆蓝色的小汽车。(2)though作为副词，用于口语中，意思是“不过，可是”，放在句尾。例如：She said she would write to me, she didnt though.她说她将要给我写信，可是她没有。5. Be sure to see this exhibition at the Lido Gallery一定要去利都画廊看这个展览啊。be sure to的意思就是“一定”“必定”，这时可与be certain to7. I see the same things every day and they dont interest me as much我每天看同样的东西，已使我不太感兴趣了。(1)这句是由连词and连接的两个并列句，and连接的并列句要保证前句与后句的时态一致。the same things意为“同样的东西”，只要有same存在，则same前必加the。(2)interest在此作为及物动词，可意为“使感兴趣，引起兴趣；使着迷，使某人对产生兴趣”。例如：He interested me in football他使我对足球产生了兴趣。8. Whatever you do，dont miss this exhibition无论你做什么，都不要错过这个展览会。whatever意为“无论什么”。带有-ever的复合连接代词有“无论”含义，可引导让步状语从句。例如： Whoever says so，its not true不管是谁说的，这话不真实。9. although l have to be honest and say that I prefer Shanghai尽管我得真心真意地说我更喜欢上海。这是由although引导的让步状语从句，that I prefer Shanghai充当say的宾语。这是大的让步状语从句中又有一个小的宾语从句。although引导让步状语不与but连用，但可与yet，still连用。例如：Although he is very old，(yet)he is quite strong他虽然年纪很大了，身体还很健壮。10. Still，its a great place to visit and Im lucky to be here for my six-month English course这里仍然是一个极好的游览地，我很幸运来这里参加六个月的英语课程。(1)本句是由and连接的两个并列句。不定式to visit作定语修饰place。为了承上启下将still提到句首了，也可把still放到is后，意为“仍旧”。still一般位于实义动词之前，be动词之后。例如：My finger still hurts我的手指仍在痛。Drink it while its still hot趁热喝了它。(2)be lucky to do sth意为“幸运地做某事”。例如：I was lucky enough to catch the last bus我真幸运，赶上了最后一班公共汽车。11. Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.我想保持身体健康，但说实话，我只喜欢吃尝起来味道很好的食物。(1) Id like to 是I would like to 的缩写形式。would like相当于want，意为“想要”，其后可接名词、代词或动词不定式。例如：I would like a bottle of orange. 我想要一瓶橘子汁。Would you like something to drink?你想要喝点什么吗12. And I think most people are in agreement that fruit and vegetables are good for health. 并且我认为大多数人都同意水果和蔬菜有益于健康。(1)此句是个复合句。主句是I think，从句most health是省略了连接that的宾语从句，充当think的宾语。五、语法定语从句an interesting book 形容词interesting做定语修饰名词booka book that is interesting that is interesting这个句子做定语修饰名词book复合句中I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢可以随之跳舞的音乐。I prefer singers who can write their own songs. 我喜爱能自己写歌的歌星。1.A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)2.The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious. (作宾语)六、同义词，近义词辨析1. expect和look forward to两者都可表“期待，等待”，但有区别：(1)expect指“确信某事必将发生”，多用于好的事物，但也用于坏的事物。例如：I am expecting him. 我正等待着他。(2)look forward to指“以特别愉快的心情期待着”。例如：I am looking forward to seeing him我期待着见他。2. practice与exercise(1)practice意为“练习”，指有规律的练习，特指反复、不断练习。例如：Practice makes perfect熟能生巧。(2)exercise意为“练习”，是一般用法，可指训练、锻炼、操练等。例如：spelling exercise拼写练习 a field exercise野外练习lack of exercise缺乏练习 do ones exercise做练习 3. make sure与be sure4kind，sort与type(1)kind“种类”，特指某种性质相等，而且有极相似特征的东西，足以用某种方法分类，并置于一起。例如：Which kind of paper do you want? 你想要哪一种纸?(2)sort“种类”，常与kind通用，表示大体上属于同类的，在口语和商业语言中更常用，.还可表示轻蔑的意思。你如：This kind(或sort)of question is easy to answer.这类问题好回答。How did you get this sort of ideas into your mind?你怎么会有这种想法？(3)type所表示的“种类”有典型性，多指那些界限非常明确，且有明显类似之处的一类。Prefer.to dance to sing along with 安静轻柔的歌曲 演奏不同种类的音乐 有优美的歌词 2、What kind of music do you like ?运用所学的定语从句， work in pairs .(二)、新课导入：Show my favourite CD to the class and say, This is my favourite CD. Its name is Come on, Join us. I like it because I can do exercises with it. But I dont like the beginning of it, too loud noise. It reminds me of my middle school time. 2）、I cant stand the music. stand vt.“忍受，容忍，经受” 常用于can, could , be able to 之后，Exercise:He cant stand _(work) there.3)、I listened to one called Heart Strings。 Exercise:He is listening to the music _(call)”Take me to your heart.易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用例 1. Ill never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.例 2. Ill never forget the days which I visited New York with you.析：例 1 中的 when 应改为 which 或 that ；例 2 中的 which 应改为 when 易错点二：固定句式出差错例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.易错点三：主谓不一致例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen？例 8. Youd better make a mark at where you have any questions.析：例 7 中第一个 that 应改为 where ；例 8 中应去掉 at .例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句， you bought the recorder 为定语从句，其引导词应用 where ，后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ，此句可还原为： You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。易错点五：对先行词概念不明确例 9. It this library that you visited yesterday？例 10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday？析：例 9 中应在 library 后加 the one ；例 10 中的 where 应去掉或改为 that 或 which 易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误例 11. I dont like the way which you speak to her.例 12. I dont care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.析：例 11 中应在 which 前加 in 或将 which 改为 that 或去掉；例 12 中的 that 应改为 where 或 in which .在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如 way 作先行词时，其引导词可用 that 易错点七：忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别例 13. He failed in the exam again， which was expected.例 14. He failed in the exam again， as was not what he had expected.易错点八：忽略that 和which 引导限制性定语从句的区别例 15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.例 16. Here are the samples that had I thought of it you could have taken with you yesterday.析：例 15 中的 which 应改为 that ；例 16 中的 that 应改为 which .当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用 what 来引导定语从句，如例 15 ；当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用 which 来引导定语从句，如例 16 .易错点九：介词前置出差错例 17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.例 18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.析：例 17 中的 with 应改为 about 或 of ；例 18 中应把 to 移到 attention 的后面。在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，如例 17 ；但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置，如例 18 .易错点十：which 和whose 的意义不明确例 19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.例 20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.析：例 19 中的 which 应改为 whose ；例 20 中的 whose 应改为 which .在定语从句中，关系代词 which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但 whose 可作定语，“ whose + n ”相当于“ the + n + of which ”或“ of which + the + n ”。疑难点：that和which的区别，that 与 which which的用法区别 两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于。如：1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。如：She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which。如：The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。3. much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that。如：There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。All Everything that can be done must be done. 凡能that can be done must be done.4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。如：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that。如：。如：This is the best dictionary that Ive ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that。如：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。8. 当要避免重复时。如：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？ that和which的用法* that可代表人(a)，也可代表东西(b)：a. He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. (谚)想吃果子就得爬树。b. I reached the gate that opened onto the lake. 我走到临湖而开的那扇门前。He expressed the hope that we would keep in touch with his firm. 他表示希望我们与他的公司保持联系。在从句中作宾语时，that常可省略：This is the best hotel (that) I know. 这是我知道的最好的旅馆。* which只能代表东西或动物：I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday. 我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的火车上。当它在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略：This is the book (which) you want. 这是你要的书。which还可在从句中作介词的宾语：The situation which he found himself in was difficult. 他的处境非常困难。在这种从句中，只有which可以紧跟介词，that则不可以(在最后两个例句中which都不能换作that)。如果which不紧跟介词，则一般可换为that，也可以省略：This is the house (which/that) I went into. 这就是我进去过的那座房子。Tips: who，that，which有相似之处，也有不同之处。一般说来代表人时多用who(m)，代表东西时用that时更多一些，有时也可用which，在紧跟介词时只能用which，不能用that。在从句中作宾语时，这些关系代词常可省略。62 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句有两类：限制性定语从句(restrictive attributive clauses)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive attributive clauses)。* 限制性定语从句：前面所给例句基本上都包含限制性定语从句，它限制所修饰名词或代词的意义，一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚，甚至失去意义。例如下面句子，有定语从句时意思很清楚，若把从句去掉，句子或是变得模糊不清，或是变得没有意思：This is the machine he design. 这就是他设计的机器。(若把he design去掉，意思就不清楚。)Madame Curie was a woman we admired. 居里夫人是我们崇拜的女性。(若把从句去掉，句子就失去意义。)把前面例句都这样试一遍，你就会发现这些从句很重要，对说明所修饰词的意义不可或缺，是句子的主要组成部分。译成汉语时也多译成一个定语(如“他设计的机器”，“我们崇拜的女性”)。只有在限制性定语从句中，且在从句中作宾语的关系代词才能省略。* 非限制性定语从句：另外有一种定语从句，与主句(句子的其他部分)关系不太紧密，对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太大影响，把它们拿掉，句子依然很完整，它们可以说是附