教你比较句型在论文中的应用.pdf

医学论文 教你比较句型在论文中的应用 教你比较句型在论文中的应用 创新医学网www yixue360 com 进行一项医学研究 在实验开始之前就应当将专业知识与统计知识结合起来 制定出周密 完善的实验设计 在实验设计时 应遵循对照的原则 因此 在医学论文中 经常涉及有关比较 内容的描述 但由于中英文表达习惯和方式的差异 中文作者在撰写英语医学论文时 对比较 方法和结果的描述存在的问题较多 笔者分析了部分国际英文科技期刊 对比较句型的应用 规律进行了总结 以期为国内作者撰写英语论文提供参考 1 自身对照的描述 表示 经过某种处理 或 一段时间后 某项 些 指标的变化 句中常含表示时间变化的 形容词 副词或介词词组 如 preoperative pre viously after during with time over time 等 另外 也常含有表示变化的动词 如 become reach increase elevate decrease decline fall diminish 等 例 1 These data suggest that the HEV could be more widespread than previously thought 这些数据提示 HEV 的传播范围可能比先前认为的更广 1 例 2 However af ter adjustment for ob servation time the age at diagnosis decreased 然 而 观察时间调整后 诊断年龄减小了 2 例 3 The effect of H RZ on tuberculosis diminished over time H RZ 对结核病的效果随 时间延长逐渐降低 3 例 4 The combined use of the three markers increased sensitivity to 87 which reached 100 in patient s with positive preoper ative levels 标记物联合应用后敏感性达 87 术前阳 性者达 100 4 例 5 Compared with the saturated fat di et flow mediated dilatation increased during the Mediterranean diet but not during the NCEP 1 diet 与饱和脂肪酸饮食组相比 地中海饮食组 的流动介导的血管扩张增加 而 NCEP 1 组未增加 5 例 6 A f ter excision of SV40Tag DNA synthesis f ell by 90 切除 SV40Tag 后 DNA 合成减少了 90 6 2 组间对照的描述 用于实验组与对照组相互比较 或实验组之间相互比较 在描述比较方法时最常用的标 志词为 compare 例 7 Standardized incidence ratios were calculated to compare the incidence of malignant disease in patient s with inflammatory myopathy and the general population 计算标准化发病率 比较炎性肌病患者和普通人群恶性病的发病率 7 在描述比较的结果时 根据结果有无统 计学差异及差异大小分为下面几种情况 2 1 结果无统计学差异 用 be similar did not differ be not different had no difference 等 表示 例 8 In hospitalized patient s perfor2mance on Piagetian tasks of judgment w as simi lar to that among children younger than 10 years of age 住院患者 Piagetian 题目的完成情况与小 于 10 岁的儿童类似 8 例 9 Patient s with Karnof sky scores greater than 50 did not perf orm dif f erently than cont rols Karnof sky 评分高于 50 的患者的答题正确率与对照组的无区别 8 例 10 The level of chimerism did not dif f er between patient s and cont rols either in blood or in liver 患者和对照者的外周血或肝内的嵌和性水平均无差异 9 例 11 There w as no signif icant dif f er ence between the tuberculosis rates in the H and 1 医学论文 RZ groups at any time H 组和 RZ 组的结核病发病率在任何时间都无显著差异 10 2 2 结果有差异 但不直接说明孰高孰低 而是客观地交待数值 句中常含有表示转折或 比较的词 如 but however versus 等 例 12 Male cells were detected in periph eral blood mononuclear cells f rom one healthy cont rol at a level of 1 male cell per 10 6 female cells but were not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with primary biliary cirrhosis 一个健康对照者外周血单个核细胞 中每1 10 6 个雌性细胞可以检测到1 个含Y 染色体的细胞 但原发性胆汁性肝硬化女性患 者外周血单个核细胞中未检测到 11 例 13 In all 86 5 of these polyps were recisely diagnosed by EUS However only51 7 were diagnosed by US EUS 诊断胆囊息肉的准确率为 86 5 US 仅为 51 7 12 例 14 The median number of operations was one for women who had stereotactic biopsy versus two for women who had diagnostic surgi cal biopsy 接受立体定位活检的女性患者手术 次数的中位值为 1 接受诊断性外科活检患者的手术次数中位值为 2 13 另外 相对危险度 relative risk 也可用于两组指标的比较 例 15 After adjustment for standard car diovascular risk factors persons in the highest quintile of f ruit and vegetable intake had a rela tive risk for coronary heart disease of 0 80 com pared with those in the lowest quintile of intake 调整了标准心血管危险因素后 与最低摄 入量者相比 摄入水果蔬菜量在 1 5 高限者的冠心病相对危险度为 0 80 14 2 3 一 几 组指标高 早 于另一 几 组 常含有 more higher greater earlier 等副词或 形容词 或 elevate increase rise 等动词或由其演变而来的分词 例 16 Whole body MR imaging has a higher sensitivity than skeletal scintigraphy for the detection of bone marrow metastases 全身 MR 诊断骨髓转移的敏感性高于核素扫描 15 例 17 The likelihood of undergoing a sin gle operation was significantly greater for womenwho had stereotactic rather than surgical biopsy 女性患者接受立体定位活检可能只需 1 次 明显好于接受诊断性外科活检者 13 例 18 Females who became overweight orobese between 6 and 11 yr of age were 7 times more likely to develop new asthma symptoms atage 11 or 13 6 至11 岁超重或肥胖的女孩在11 岁或 13 岁出现新的哮喘症状的可能性增加 7 倍 16 例 19 If the off spring of patient s developthe disease they will tend to do so at an earlier age than their parent s 若患者的子女也患此病 他们的发病年龄要比他们的父母早 17 例 20 Twenty three newly diagnosed celi ac patient s had elevated serum amylase levels 2 SD above the cont rols 23 名新近诊断为乳糜泻的患者血清淀粉酶水平升高 与对 照者相比高 2 SD 18 另外 比较句型中常涉及到最高级 含有 most biggest 等词 显而易 见 这是指与其它所有的组进行比较所得的结果 例 21 Nucleotide sequence analysis identi fied 2 st rains with 93 4 identity phylogeneti cally most closely related to the Greece 1 isolate 核酸序列分析证实 2 株有 93 4 的同源性 种遗传性上与希腊种最为相近 19 例 22 Morbid obesity is the biggest inde pendent risk factor for early mortality 病理性肥 胖是早期死亡的最大独立危险因素 20 2 4 一 几 组指标低于另一 几 组 常用含 lower decrease decline 等词的句子表达 例 23 Maximum mean relative enhance ment ratio and mean slope of relative enhance ment of lung cancer patient s were significantly decreased compared with those of the healthy volunteers 肺癌患者的最大平均相对强化率和平均相对强化斜率都明显低于健康人 21 2 医学论文 例 24 In ulcerative colitis there was a marked decrease in telomerase activity in the ce cum 152 59 272 P 0 04 t ransverse 180 129 365 p 0 001 sigmoid 352 114 464 P 0 005 and rectum 180 70 337 P 0 001 when compared with normals 与正常结肠组织 相比 溃疡性结肠炎各段的端粒末端转移酶活性明显降低 分别为 盲肠 152 59 272 P 0 04 横结肠180 129 365 P 0 001 乙状结肠352 114 464 P 0 005 直肠180 70 337 P 0 001 22 3 描述比较内容的注意事项 描述比较内容的注意事项 3 1 比较对象要对应 国内作者在使用比较句型时 经常出现比较对象不一致现象 如 The levels of lymph TNF and IL 6 ofgroup A were increased than group B B 组淋巴液中 TNF 和 IL 6 水平高于 A 组 该例中 lev2el 与 group B 相比 比较对象之间不对应 应改为 The levels of lymph TNF and IL 6 ofgroup A were increased than those of group B 一般来说 可用下面三种方式保持比较对象的对应关系 3 1 1 直接列出比较对象 如 25 例为 patient s 与 cont rols 相比 例 26 为 biopsy 与 biopsy 相比 例 25 Patients with Karnof sky scores of 50 or less responded correctly to fewer Piagetian tasks than cont rols 评分小于等于 50 的患者 Piagetian 题目正确率小于对照组 8 例 26 Stereotactic 11 gauge vacuum as sisted biopsy as compared with 14 gauge auto mated core or 14 gauge vacuum assisted biopsy was significantly more likely to spare a surgical procedure 与 14 G 自动核心针或 14 G 真空探针立体定位活检相比较 11 G 真空探 针立体定位活检更可能避免外科手术活检 13 3 1 2 用 that 或 those 指代比较的对象如下例中用 those 指代 nonprecipitated amylase levels 例 27 The nonprecipitated amylase levelsof the patient s were not different f rom those of the cont rols 病例组非沉淀性淀粉酶水平与对照组无明显差异 18 3 1 3 当对两组对象的某一指标进行比较时 可以将比较的对象放在句子后面 用 comparedwith 或 than 连接 例 28 Telo