听力对话场景及词汇.doc

听力对话的场景及相关词汇归纳听力对话部分都是一个个场景，即生活中的某个片断。在毫无准备的情况下，让考生去判断对话两人短短几句话的内容，无疑是很难的。所以我们应对听力对话的一个首要办法就是在头脑中“预存”一些考试常用的场景，看到或听到几个关键词就能迅速反应出可能是属于哪个场景的，这样理解其对话内容来就容易多了。 四级听力对话的场景总结出来基本上有三类：学校生活（最多），公共场合，日常生活如：学习选课场景、打工场景、天气场景、看病场景、图书馆场景、论文场景、租房场景、出行场景、餐馆场景、减肥场景、丢东西捡东西场景、电脑场景、度假场景、选校场景等等。场景词汇的概念：某个场景所经常使用或专门使用的词汇。我们一听到或看到这些词汇马上就能与特定场景联系起来，从而迅速进入状态，更好的理解对话内容。甚至有时可以从选项中的场景词汇推断对话的场景，可能谈到的内容方向，以及可能问什们问题。对场景词汇的掌握应到什么程度：听力对话中的词汇都是比较简单的，因此最起码应该全部认知。在此基础上，应该对这些词的发音十分熟悉，做到一听到马上能做出反应。所以对这部分词汇的要求要比词汇题、阅读题的高，要会读会听。1.学校场景：新生入学报到场景、课程设置及规定介绍场景、家庭作业分析场景、课堂演示场景，师生咨询场景，评论老师选课：course 课程 take courses 选课 required courses/ compulsory courses 必修课elective courses/ optional courses 选修课 specialized course专业课 basic course基础课credit 学分 major 专业关于学科的单词 13literature文学math/mathematics 数学 philosophy哲学 history历史 art艺术 sociology社会学 linguistics语言学 psychology心理学 engineering工程学 architecture建筑学 business商务 law法学 economics经济学marketing 市场营销 finance 金融学 accounting会计学 banking银行学 biochemistry生物化学例句：1)Im thinking of five courses next semester.Wouldnt four be wiser?2)You took an optional course this semester, didnt you?讲课、听课、听讲座、评论老师：attend a lecture上课 miss a class缺课 (可能会涉及到生病看病场景)cut a class/ play a truant 旷课 lecture 演讲handout 上课老师发的印刷品，阅读材料class list 学生名单catch sbs words 听清某人的话（可能涉及到同意不同意他的观点的讨论）follow sb 能跟上某人的思路，能听懂某人的话confused 迷惑的，不懂的 confusing 让人摸不着头脑的 schedule=school timetable课程表 例句：1)She becomes nervous when it comes to learning mathematics.2)Do you mind if I borrow your notes?3)I cant leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at three oclock.4)Werent you nervous when the professor called on you in the class?Id say I was shaking all over.5)My teacher thinks Im making progress.6)I find the lessons well worth the time and trouble.7) Id better read one of the articles for our political science class.8) Would you like have a copy of professor Smiths article? Thanks, if its not too much trouble.9) It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I understand.10)The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. 11)Why dont you come in office hours? 12)Professor Whites presentation seemed to go on forever. I was barely able to stay awake. How could you sleep through it? It was one of the best that I have ever heard on this topic. Its very important to the mission we are going to carry out. 作业a.书面作业（论文，报告）assignment/homework 作业 project 研究课题 （直接理解为“作业”即可）paper/thesis/article 论文 term paper 学期论文 essay 短论文，文章 survey 调查 investigation 调查 research 研究，查询资料，可能会涉及到library图书馆场景report 报告deadline 最后期限 meet the deadline 按时完成rewrite 重写，改写revise 修订，修改写论文的步骤及可能出现的情况：第一步，选题topic，选题难，范围广。第二步，查询资料research，图书馆场景。第三步，打出论文。typewriter 打字机，computer 计算机，printer 打印机，laser printer 激光打印机，laptop 笔记本电脑。论文没打完，typewriter/computer坏了break down ，或者typewriter需要新的色带ribbon或者printer没墨ink了。b. presentation 口头演讲，口头报告, 针对某一专题进行的发言：同义词：report, speech, address。考点：I. 着装正式 formal clothes（考试中另一个考到着装正式的考点是interview面试）穿便装 wear casual clothes (sportswear, sports suit, jeans, jacket) II. 演讲人的内心感受：nervous紧张的 calm 平静的，镇定的 cool 冷静的c. reading assignment 阅读作业：文科学生reading list读书清单。抱怨需要读的书多。professor 教授 associate professor副教授tutor 导师 lecturer 讲师 teaching assistant助教TAdean 系主任 president 大学校长 faculty/teaching staff 教职员工的总称例句:1) Tom looks awfully nervous, doesnt he?Im afraid hes not used to making speeches.2)If I were you though, Id rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.3)But you have to revise some parts of it, Im afraid, if you want to get it published.4)How are you getting on with you essay, Mary? Im having a real hard time with mine. After two sleepless nights, Im finally through with it.校园生活： campus 校园 on campus 在学校tuition/tuition fee学费 canteen 餐厅 dining hall 食堂 cafeteria 自助小餐厅 accommodation 住宿 dorm/dormitory 宿舍 dormmate/ roommate同宿舍的人boarder住宿生 commuter 走读生laboratory/lab 实验室 after-school activities课外活动student union 学生会 society 学生社团 club 学生俱乐部 parking lot 停车场 parking regulations 停车规定 shopping mall 购物中心 teaching building 教学楼/教室楼 lecture theatre 大教室/阶梯教室 administrating office/admin office 行政办公室 apple pie 苹果派（好吃）在考题中形容apple pie好吃的句子举例如下：(1) Even my mothers cant match this.(2) I took the last one, and it was out of the world. (3) You wouldnt have to force me to take another helping.(5)考试、毕业：semester/term学期 examination/exam/test 考试midterm （examination） 期中考试final examination 期末考试quiz小测验open-book exam开卷考 pop test抽考 oral/written exam 口试/笔试review 复习 go over ones note 复习笔记stay up熬夜bring sb. up to date 帮某人赶上功课 draw near/approach （考试）临近school record 成绩单 pass/ fail/ make up an exam 通过/未通过考试/补考mark/score/grade分数，成绩full marks 满分 scholarship/ fellowship奖学金department 系，部graduate school 研究生院 undergraduate 本科生（在校大学生） postgraduate/graduate student 研究生 degree 学位 Bachelors degree 学士学位 Masters degree硕士学位 Doctors degree博士学位 （PhD）diploma=graduation certificate毕业证书 graduation ceremony=commencement毕业典礼 drop out (of school) 辍学 quit school退学expel sb from school开除 例句：1) I am worried about those classes I missed when I was sick.2) Ill try to bring you up-to-date on what Ive done.3) I heard youve got full marks in the math exam. Congratulations.4)I failed in the physics exam again in spite of all the efforts I made.5)Should he do that when the final exam is drawing near?(6)打工、找工作场景a.搜集工作信息，来源如下：classified ad 分类广告help and wanted section 供求关系版 bulletin board 公告板flier 传单b.打电话确认工作是否还有空缺vacancy, position available申请某个公司或职位 apply for/to fill in/ fill out/ fill up application form 填写申请表 application letter 申请信公司招聘雇员 recruit employees c.准备工作简历resume d.面试interview：需携带证书certificates；需出示身份证明identification；判断你是否具有 qualification；出示推荐信reference letter自己能胜任 fit for/ qualified for/ competent自己有竞争力 competitive vigorous/energetic (精力充沛的) f.得到了工作：get the offer遭到拒绝：turn down/ reject工作、职业类词汇job opportunity, job-hunt, apply for, application form, give impression, promote, position, vacancy, experience, gains and losses, part-time job, full-time job, interview, give sb an offer例句：1)How do you manage to work and go to school at the same time?2)It was the third time Ranger had phoned me to say he had a new job.3)Its a letter from the company where I applied for the job.4)If you tried typing every day, youd see what its like.5)If I were you, Id accept the job.6)I turned down the offer because it would mean frequent business trips away from my family.7)You seem very confident about the job interview, dont you?8)I feel ready for it. 9)It says they want a junior sales manager and it seems like a big company.10) Thatll be good, for you might have to travel a lot.11) I spent so much time polishing my letter of application.12) Its worthwhile to make the effort. You know just how important it is to give a good impression.(7)新生入学及入学后大致过程 attend/go to college 上大学register/enroll enrolment (登记、报到、注册) opening ceremony（开学典礼） orientation meeting（介绍会）指学校综合情况 course arrangement 课程安排 letter of recommendation 推荐信 programme /program 某一专业的课程总称 school 学院 assessment 对学生的学习情况进行评估 attendance/participation 出勤office hour 教授与学生面谈的时间 auditor=guest student旁听生 orientation program新生训练 teaching facilities教学设施 assistantship助学金 room and board食宿 auditorium礼堂 academic year/ period of schooling学习年限,学年 credit system学分制 English evening英语晚会 school discipline校纪 (8)教育体系 kindergarten幼儿园 elementary education初等教育 secondary education中等教育 higher education高等教育 adult education成人教育 open admission免试入学制 day-care center幼儿园（美） nursery school托儿所 primary/elementary school小学（英/美） secondary school中学 coeducation男女生同校制度 junior high school初中 senior high school高中 attached middle school附中 technical school技校 polytechnic institute理工学院/科技大学 key school重点中学 graduate school研究生院 open university夜大、函大 private school私立学校 public school公立学校 universal education普及教育 educationist/educator教育家 2.餐馆、就餐场景：餐馆：restaurant, dining hall 餐馆、食堂bar, caf 酒吧、咖啡馆buffet, cafeteria 自助餐厅eat out 在外面吃，去饭馆吃napkin.餐巾,餐巾纸menu 菜单 预订、服务、付帐：waiter, waitressmake a reservation/ reserve/book a table 预订serve （food, drink） 供应/提供（某种食物、饮料等）What do you order? / Can I take your order? (侍者)请客人点菜What do you recommend? 你有什么推荐？bill, pay ones bill 付账、买单go Dutch 各人付自己的帐 （AA制）tip 小费 treat sb. to sth 请客，款待某人吃什么东西食品类别、食物名称：western food, Chinese food, fast food, fried food（油炸食品）,dessert（饭后甜点）, salad, soup, bread, pizza, pie, sandwich, cheese, cream, hamburger, beef, steak, seafood beverage（饮料）, whisky, beer, wine, soft drinkrice, noodle, snack (小吃) barbecue(烧烤), picnic (野餐)dressing/seasoning（调味品,调料）餐具：tableware, folk, knife, plate, spoon感觉：Im full, hungry, starved 好：delicious, incredible（难以置信的,非常好的）糟糕：horrible, terribleget/ be on a diet, 例句:1)No, thank you. Im not used to cold drinks in the morning.2)I heard theres a good Japanese restaurant nearby. Would you like to go there for lunch?Yes, but its my treat this time.3)Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right away.4)How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for twenty minutes already.Ill be back with your order in a minute. 我马上回来就给你上菜5)I dont feel like going out. Why dont we just stay home and watch TV instead?6)Im starving. I cant walk any further. Lets go the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.3.图书馆、书店场景：图书馆catalogue =catalog 图书编号bookshelf, stacks 许多书架、书库volume （书的）卷，册edition 版本copy 一本、一份novel, fiction 小说 magazine, journal（定期刊物）, periodical（期刊）, quarterly（季刊）, textbook, reference book（参考书-一般不得借出图书馆）, latest issue 最新一期library, librariancheck out（借出书籍结帐离开）, check-out（付帐离开处）结帐对比check-up（检查）， due （书）到期 overdue 过期 return 归还 renew 续借 fine 罚款 borrow 主语从别人处借书lend 主语借给别人书书店：out of stock（无货）, in stock（有货）, order（订书）, out of print（已绝版的）, bookstore, shelf, on sale, paperback edition（简装本）, hard cover（精装本）, author例句：1)Jack, I cant find Volume Ten. Could you check for me who borrowed it? Its on the upper shelf, next to Volume Two.2)Did you find the book for your reading assignment in the library? I had no idea it closes so early on weekends.3) Do you have the paperback edition of the dictionary?The hardcover is on sale for the same price as the paperback.4) It looks like you bought out the store.5)That book has been out of print for some time now.4.医院、看病场景：医院：hospital, infirmary 学校医务室 students health center（学生健康中心）medical center（医疗中心） clinic（诊所）ward（病房）-注意：send him to ward会误听为send him towards, emergency department/ emergency room（急诊室）surgery, operation room, health needs, health service, health care医生、病人：doctor, dentist, patient检查、诊断、开处方、治疗：examination, diagnose, treatmentprescribe（开处方）；prescription（n.处方）； fill the prescription（按方抓药）；refill the prescription（还按原方抓药）take ones temperature, give sb. an injection, X-ray, blood pressure, doctors ordercheckup 身体检查，体检病名、病情：suffer from 患着什么病，受什么病折磨(my leg, foot)hurts (腿，脚)很痛symptom, vomit（呕吐）, high temperature, a sore throat, headache, high blood pressure, stomachache, heart disease, lung, cancer, fever, bleeding（出血）, cold, hurt, dizzy（晕眩的）, cough, detect diseases, flu, injury, twist ankle, sneezeget sick, serious, severe, get worse and worse, feel tired, be worn out, sore, painfulrecoverinjure, injured injury acute （疼痛）剧烈的；（病人，病）急性的药品：tablet, pill, medicine, OTC=over-the-counter mediine（非处方药）, aspirin, pain-killer（止痛药）, dose, dosage 剂量，一剂，一服看病常用语：make an appointment预约How are you feeling? 用于对方生病时打招呼。How are you doing? 普通打招呼 out of bed 离开床了Whats the matter with you? Are you felling better?be with a patient, see the doctor, May I take your temperature?治疗 treat（过程）；治愈 cure（结果） study 表过程；learn 表结果。search 表过程；find 表结果。try 表过程；manage 表结果lose/put on weight 减肥/增肥be/get on a diet 正在节食do exercise/ work out 做运动，锻炼身体例句: 1)Have you found anything wrong with my stomach? Im still examining. Ill let you know the result next week. 2)My stomach aches. Maybe the seafood doesnt agree with me. 3)I cant complain. At least Im out of bed. 4)Why didnt you make an appointment to see the doctor last week when you first twisted your ankle? The injury didnt seem serious then. I decided to go today. Because my foot still hurts when I put my weight on it.5)Id love to, but Im getting over my cold. 我想是想,但是我的感冒还正在恢复呢5.旅馆、宾馆场景：reception 前台，接待处 receptionist 前台接待员make a reservation/ reserve/book a room 预订房间check in 入住登记，开房 check out 结帐离开，退房There is one room available. 有一个房间。 句：1)I sent a letter to make a reservation for a single room a few days ago. Sorry, your request arrived too late.2)I believe you have a room booked for me. 我想你们有一个房间是我预定的。Its a single room with a bath, on the second floor.3)I hope it will suit you, sir.6.机场、车站、交通场景：机场、机票：airlines/airline company 航空公司 airport, check-in counter, booking office（售票处）, flight reservation（机票预定）, luggage check（行李票）, confirm the flight（确认航班）, airticket, wing（机翼，侧面建筑（常用于去展览馆），鸡翅）; terminal（候机大厅，终端-常用，终点站）人员：air hostess, captain, pilot, crew, passenger推迟、取消、按时、及时：delay=put off = postpone, cancel, on time, in time, date of departure（起飞时间）, arrival / departure time（到港/离港时间）飞机、航班：airplane, flight, airline, airliner（定期班机、客机） jet, non-stop flight（直达航班）, window seat, fasten-seat belt sign（安全带指示灯）, safety-belt（安全带）, first-class（头等舱）, economy class（经济舱）登机、飞行、起飞、降落：gate（登机口）, Gate No. XXX（几号登机口） board a plane, on board 在飞机上，登上飞机 boarding card（登机牌）, take off（起飞、脱衣服）；land（降落）；circle 盘旋； arrival, departure（起程、起飞）, transfer（转机，换车）, passport, visa事故、故障：mechanical problem, accident, drunk driving, drunk driver, danger, shock, hurt, damage, kill, repair, fix, one-way street, sign, break down, flat tyre, traffic jam, rush hour, delay, I cant make it.火车站、汽车站、出租汽车等：railway station, train, plat form, subway, underground, tubebus station, fare, bus, conductor, bus stop, bus terminal, ride a bus, get on/off a bus, conductor, fare, pick up passenger（让乘客上车）, give sb a ride take the train catch the traintaxi, taxi driver, car, drive, driver车库、停车、汽车修理库：park, parking space, used car, reverse（倒车）, engine failure, brake failure, sleeping car, emergency brake加油站：fill up, oil, gasline, fuel（燃料）, diesel（柴油机）, grease（润滑油）, refuel（补给燃料）, liter, meter, gas station, gasoline station , filling station garage, fill in the tank, pull in警察：police, speeding, traffic light, drivers license, fine, give a ticket to, speed limit, overtake, vehicle（交通工具、车辆）, road condition, lawyer, court交通话题：1、交通堵塞：traffic jam, block2、交通违章：要罚款 fine bill 罚单3、交通晚点：behind schedule例句：1)Im afraid were going to miss the 3 oclock train. We can get our tickets changed for this evening.2)Could you please tell me if Flight 858 from San Francisco will be on time?3)Excuse me, I have a ticket for the 6 oclock flight to New York. Im afraid I cant make it. Is there a seat available for tomorrow morning?Im sorry. All the morning flights have been booked up. The earliest we can get for you is the two oclock flight in the afternoon.4)You wont be able to get to the airport in time to catch the ten oclock flight.5)Im sorry the flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice.6)If the traffic wasnt so bad, I could have been home by 6:00.7)If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock.8)I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.9)Im afraid I cant make it before 7 oclock.10)Its too bad you didnt make it.车祸11)Its surprising that Tom came out of the accident alive. The car crashed into the wall and was completely damaged. 12) Were you hurt in the accident? I was shocked at the time, but wasnt hurt at all. My bike was totally damaged though. 13)Not a thing is to go against me. I had a car accident, only some minor injuries though.汽车：1)The mechanic said that the best thing would be to sell it and get a new car. This car is totally dead. 2)I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down. 3)The man at the garage thinks that I take good care of my car. 4)I cant see any scratches on the outside, and the inside is clean too. 5)Id like to place an advertisement for used car in the Sunday edition of your paper. You have to run your advertisement all week. We cannot quote a rate（报价） for just Sunday.7.电话场景：电话设备：receiver（听筒）, slot（投币孔）, mobile phone = cell phone, pay phone, long distance call, coin, change, operator接、打电话：run out of coin, cut off（被中断；hang up 主动挂