中美网球发展对比 全英.doc

齐鲁师范学院学士学位论文学号20110411092编号研究类型分类号齐鲁师范学院（中石题字）QILU NORMAL UNIVERSITY 毕业论文Bachelors Thesis 学校校徽论文题目A comparison study of tennis in China and the United States 作者姓名刘文淼指导教师张彦所在院系外国语学院专业名称英语（师范）完成时间2015.4.3Contents摘要i关键词iAbstractiiKey wordsiiA Comparison Study of Tennis in China and the United Stats1Chapter One Introduction11.1 The origins and dissemination of tennis in the world11.2 Introduced to the United States, and into China2Chapter two History of tennis development and main results32.1 The history of U. S.A tennis development32.2 The history of China tennis development42.3 The contrast of the tennis result4Chapter three Different ways of training and the system in tennis83.1 The ways of training and the system in U.S.A83.2 The ways of training and the system in China93.3 different with the way of china and the U.S.A in the tennis11Chapter Four Conclusion(to summarize the significance of result and training way)12Bibliography：14ii论中美在网球发展方面的对比摘要：目前，随着中国网球一姐“李娜”的退役，中国网球再无世界领军人物。而反观美国网球的发展，可以说是一棵“常青藤”。领军人物比比皆是，而年轻队员又不断崛起。本文拟通过对比中美在网球发展历史上的不同，比如网球在两国的发展历程，相关网球的培养机制和方法，优秀人物的表率等，寻找中国网球在发展中的不足。通过调查统计法、文献研究、个案研究和描述性研究，找到中过网球发展方面的不足，例如像顶尖球员过少、并且昙花一现，青少年网球优秀运动员储备不足，网球发展制度不完善等。通过对比可以看出，中国网球在发展中，历史相对较短，培养体制和青少年发展还不够健全，培养方式较为单一，后备军不足等缺点。这也让我们看到，中国在今后的网球运动发展和青少年网球发展上可以取得的进步之处。通过吸取美国网球发展的精华，以此多为网球后备力量做有力支持和铺垫，通过多种网球培训方式，特别是政府对地方网球的支持与发展，来增加对网球运动发展的重视，减少青少年学习网球的负担并不断激励，才能有优秀人才不断涌现，取得更加优异的网球成绩。 关键词：网球历史；发展模式 ；成绩对比；今后发展3- 3 -A Comparison Study of Tennis in China and the United StatsAbstract: At present, with the retirement of Chinese tennis one elder sister Na Li, Chinese tennis has no top athletes in the world.And the development of tennis in the United States, can be said to be a ivy league.Leaders can be found everywhere, and young players rise again.Through this research, the hope can compare in tennis in the history of the development of China and the United States is different, such as tennis in the development process of the two countries, the tennis training mechanism and methods of the first model of the outstanding figures ,etc, the defects in the development of Chinese tennis.Through the survey method, literature study, case study method, descriptive research method, finds the lack of tennis development in China and the United States. such as top athletes little. Have no young athletes. No prefect system.By contrast, Chinese tennis in developing, relatively short history, the training system and youth development are not enough, cultivating mode is relatively single, lack of reserve force shortcomings.This also let us see, tennis sport developpment of China in the future and junior tennis development can progress. The essence of the development of American tennis, did strong support for reserve forces and bedding, a variety of tennis training methods, especially the governments support and development of local tennis, adding to the attention of tennis sport development, reduce the burden of the teenagers learn tennis. Continuously encourage to talents are constantly development.Key words: history of tennis; model results; contrast; development A Comparison Study of Tennis in China and the United StatsChapter One Introduction1.1 The origins and dissemination of tennis in the worldThe origins and dissemination of tennis in the world modern tennis generally include indoor and outdoor two forms.Tennis originated from 12 to 13 centuries French in the corridor to hit the ball with the palm of a game.Later became the court indoor entertainment activities.There are also people who believe that the origin of tennis sport should be traced back to one hundred years war before a kind of folk wisdom in France named in the sale of ball games.It is said that this game is for two people, each holding a racket, build a fence around the stadium, the ball hit the wall after went back, and then through the net.Therefore, no matter from the use of venues and equipment, or from the game method, it has to do with there are many similarities in modern sport, so people took it as the original form of tennis.Tennis is between 6.541 and 6.858 cms in diameter. Tennis at first, just the two hemispheres filling made of grass, leaves, or hair, then, with the continuous development of tennis ball production is becoming more and more exquisite.The history of the modern sport generally started in 1873.That year, the British, Walter Crowe, Winfield, will play tennis in the early stage, making it the summer on the lawn of a kind of sports activity, and was named lawn tennis.In the same year also published a brochure with lawn tennis in the title, the activities of publicity and promotion.So Winfield is known as the founder of modern tennis. After tennis became an indoor, outdoor sport are able to do.At the same time in the UK around a tennis club.Established in 1875 and all established in the Britain tennis club.This club built the worlds first tennis court, and in 1877, held at all the England lawn tennis mens singles championship, later known as the Wimbledon tennis match.Tennis extensive and growing competition activities, there are that no uniform rules, of course, are no good.So in 1876, by some parts of famous tennis club representative meeting together to research and discuss a unique rule of tennis.Finally after many negotiations, the parties represent to the venues, equipment, playing tennis and making the consensus, and making a unified rule. About 1878 years later, the British most tennis club are gradually according to new activities, training and competition.In 1878, the first mens doubles championship was held in England.In 1879, the first womens singles and mixed double match held in Ireland.The Wimbledon womens singles and mens doubles champion, increased in 1884.In 1913 increased the womens double game and mixed double games champion.Australias lawn tennis association was founded in 1904, and in 1905 began to host the championships in Australia, the mens singles and mens doubles these two games.In 1922 increased the womens single game.Womens doubles and mixed doubles games.France tennis championships, the British Wimbledon tennis championships, the United States tennis championship and the Australian tennis championships together are the worlds most prestigious grand slam tennis championships.A player or a group of double players can be in the same season, winning four championships, and won the honor of grand slam winner.On March 1,1913, by 12 countries including Australia tennis association representatives, the international tennis federation was established in Paris, the coordination of international tennis activities, arrange the every year competitions schedule, amended tennis rules and supervise its implementation.In 1919, draw the seed system.In 1927, the first seamless tennis made the ball faster.From 1945 to 1960, tennis gradually became professionalization .Began to organize womens team - 1963 confederations cup.First implement the 1968 Wimbledon does not distinguish between amateur and professional players competing system.In 1972, the international association of mens professional tennis began.Founded in 1973, the international womens tennis associations begin.In 1896 the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens, tennis mens singles and doubles were classified in official event.Later, due to the international Olympic committee (icon) and the international tennis federation in the amateur athletes, on the issue of differences, has been in the seven consecutive Olympic Games tennis competition project was cancelled.Until the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, it was officially classified as tennis performances.To 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, tennis began to be classified in official event.1.2 Introduced to the United States, and into China Around 1885, tennis was introduced into China.First in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other big cities between the foreign missionaries and merchants in tennis activities, carried out of my church school and after the campaign, in 1898, Stan house cup held at set Johns college, Shanghai, this is Chinas tennis game in the history of the earLiest campus.In 1874, on holiday in Bermuda American lady Mary Otto bridge after watching a British officer tennis match, interest for the sports activities, the tennis rules, the racquet and then to New York.In the United States, tennis was first carried out in the east of the school, soon spread to central and western, which gained popularity all over the country.The tennis movement has evolved from the grass to hold on sand, concrete, asphalt, hence the name of the tennis is gradually replacing the lawn tennis name, this is our todays tennis, the origin of the name. .Chapter two History of tennis development and main results2.1 The history of U. S.A tennis development Of modern sports early days, women are often excluded, the reason is not suitable for women to play it.Also think that womens participation in sport, corrupts.So early tennis competition with only two mens singles and doubles, womens tennis is not set up projects.But some female athletes not only dare to break through the social public and the family way, and the technical level had some more than men.In some non-formal singles competition often appear on one side are male athletes, female athletes are the other side of the situation.This forced some tennis club to break the ban, allowing women to participate in this campaign.So from the beginning in 1879 men and women born mixed doubles games, it is the result of womens own efforts to struggle In 1881, the first in the world national tennis association, the United States national lawn tennis association in 1920.Its on August 31 to September 3, in Newport, Rhode Island port held the first session of the United States lawn tennis mens singles and mens doubles championship, adopt the tennis venue in the Wimbledon game rules, there are 26 people in the race.The national association for turf President Dwight sears and the United States mens singles champion, are also the first to participate in the overseas athletes Wimbledon championship.Was initiated in 1887, the United States lawn tennis womens singles championship, womens doubles and mixed doubles began in 1890 and 1892 respectively.In 1900,21-year-old American tennis player Davis, in order to promote the development of modern sport, donated a large gold silver mantle of the village, known as the Davis cup.It later became the most prestigious international tennis tournament men to a permanent mobile trophy. Annual champions and the teams name engraved on the cup, when in 1920, Davis also donated a pad boxes, has been added after two pallets2.2 The history of China tennis developmentIn 1906, Beijing analyses between schools, union college, Tsinghai university, st. Johns university, Nan yang public school, hj university, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Nanjing some schools to hold intercollegiate tennis, promote the spread of tennis sports in China.In 20 or 30 tennis sport among only a few popular at that time.From 1924 to 1946, though the six parties to participate in the Davis cup, is in the first and second rounds of elimination, the low level of technique and tactics.After the founding of new China, tennis sport on the basis of the low starting point, poor, less interaction development gradually, under the condition of 1953 for the first time in Tianjin has held four ball games, including tennis, basket, platoon, mesh, feather, held the national tennis tournament in 1956, then the national tennis league holds regular grade, and implement run system, also regularly held national tennis sport, national hard court tennis championships, the national youth tennis.The competition to promote the rise of the technical level of the tennis has played a positive role in promoting.Since the eighty s, Chinas tennis sport level increase rapidly.Tennis match, the 10th Seoul Asian games in 1986 Chinas Li Na won the womens singles champion.The 11th Asian games in Beijing in 1990 tennis match, Chinese athletes won three gold MEDALS, 3 silvers and a bronze.Tennis womens teams for the 1991 confederations cup team competition, into the last 16 in the 58 team, Li fang ranked no. 200 from the international tennis jumped to 155, Xia Japing attend world university games tennis mens singles championship.The result shows that our country tennis movement has made considerable progress, encouraging.However, from the point of view, the gap between our country tennis level is quite big, only from the case numbers, 1991, is Chinas mens top 300, womens top 155.Tennis match Barcelona the 25th Olympic Games in 1992, the Chinese contestants have five. The womens doubles womens singles Li fang, Chen Li, Li fang/tang min, bi/Xia Japing China, in addition to the womens doubles into the second round, other is to be eliminated in the first round.In 1994 year-end cases Xia Japing in China ranked in the world for 313, Pan Bing for 215, Li fang (female) for 66,233, Chen Li tang rans, 237.2.3 The contrast of the tennis resultTennis movement in recent years in our country also obtained fast development, 70-80 - s, our country contestants in Asia many times hero, especially in the past two years, golden flower in China blossom everywhere: from Liddy combined brilliantly won the gold medal in Athens Olympic Games womens doubles, Zhengjie and Yan Zi won 2006 Australian open and Wimbledon doubles champion to Zhengjie of Hobart open champion in 2005 and 2005, Mr. Stowe, open champion, in 2006, the Doha Asian games womens singles, womens doubles champion, 2008 Wimbledon womens singles semi-finals, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games womens doubles runner-up, 2010 Australian open womens singles semi-finals, but Lis record is more outstanding, she has won the 2004 Guangzhou open champion, Australias gold coast championship in 2008, the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing fourth, 2009, the us open last eight, the 2010 Australian open womens singles semi-finals, Birmingham open champion in 2010, 2011 Sydney open champion (Chinas first WTA top winner), Australian open 2011 runner-up (Asias first grand slam finals tennis player), the 2011 French open champion (Asias first grand slam singles championship tennis players), to become the worlds first breaking into the top 10 ranking Chinese player, so-called Asian elder sister! Chinese womens tennis player of its record in the domestic set off a another tennis boom. Li won the French open champion, in particular, make people feelings for tennis got quickly soared, and at that time peoples passion for tennis at an all-time high. In domestic has the development and competition of tennis, go out, please come in is in China in recent years, new ideas for development of tennis sport, in actively choose best tennis player in our country go abroad at the same time, also introduced some of the higher levels of international competition, a series of events such as case: the Heineken open in Shanghai, 3 years of Shanghai master cup finals, 04 years of China tennis open, Chinese and 05, 06, 07 Shanghai master cup finals games at years end. By organizing events, already let the world know the opening of China, and let us tennis player won the world tennis player missed the opportunity to learn and to the improvement of the overall level of Chinas tennis sport has played a huge role, but also rely on the influence of the event itself, in the broad masses of the tennis great propaganda, greatly improving the tennis movement profile, for the promotion and development of Chinas mass amateur tennis sport create a good atmosphere.Pete Sampras, a former American professional tennis player, his career in ATP tour, a total of 64 mens singles champion (including 14 grand slam titles and five ATP world tour) and two doubles champion.His playing career in 1988, on April 12,1993 in Hong Kong salon professional tennis open before the first taste the world number one, he has made two Australian open, seven Wimbledon tennis tournament and the us open mens singles champion 5 times.The French open is the only thing he has never won the mens singles champion of the four grand slams.He is mens professional tennis player in the 90 s, he personal 14 grand slam singles title still is the man in the history of tennis players to win the record for the number of grand slam mens singles second more, he has hit a record of 286 weeks ATPs singles world number one, and for six years (1993-98) became the ATP singles year-end world no. 1 (ATP record).The bonus is tennis he made in a professional game (including ATP and WTA) over the years in the history of the fifth high ($43280489, the first four were $76779184 Swiss Roger feeder, Rafael Nadal of Spain $51482037, Novak Djokovic of Serbias $48951236, Serena Williams $43304272 in the United States, as of April 8,2013).In addition, also helped us win the World Cup, he also won two assist the Davis cups.In 2002, he announced at the us open after will retirement, and table in hope to title, as a result, he got it, in the final to plate number 3-1 (innings: 6 to 3,6-4,5-7,6-4) beat friends win Andre Agassi, perfect full stop for 15 years of career. Held on the eve of the U. S. in 2003, he announced that not for defending and exit and within has always been considered one of the best tennis players of mens singles, only feeder can match.Pete Sampras was a generation of world soccer legend, Wimbledon king forever.The best grasse