航空略缩语.xls

航航 空空 略略 缩缩 语语 AirAir GlossaryGlossary 缩略语英语释义 A A AACArmy Air Corps AAIB Air Accident Investigation Branch of the Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions aaeabove aerodrome elevation Also see aal aalabove aerodrome level Also see aae ab initioelementary flying training literally from the beginning abm abeam an aircraft is abeam a point when that point is at ninety degrees left or right of the aircraft s track but term usually used to indicate a general position rather than a specific point a caircraft ACARSAircraft Communication Adressing and Reporting System ACalternating current ACCArea Control Centre ACZAerodrome Control Zone ACMSaircraft condition monitoring system ACRaerodrome control radar accelerate stop distance calculated distance required for an aircraft to accelerate to V1 which see reject take off and brake safely to a halt A Daerodrome AD Airworthiness Directive issued by airworthiness authorities to correct a defect found in an aircraft type after certification Compliance is mandatory and may be required immediately and before further flight within a specified period of time or number of flying hours or when next due for routine maintenance ADAAdvisory aispace Advisory Area or Advisory Route ADCair data computer ADELTautomatically deployable emergency locator transmitter ADF automatic direction finder finding Radio compass which gives a relative bearing to the non directional radio beacon to which it is tuned ADI attitude deviation indicator An advanced type of artificial horizon part of a flight director system providing pitch and roll information and commands ADIZ Air Defence Identification Zone An area of airspace extending upwards from the surface usually along a national boundary within which identification of all aircraft is required in the interests of national security ADRAccident Data Recorder ADSAutomatic Dependence Surveillance ADTApproved Departure Time AEFAerodromes Environmental Federation AEWAirborne Early Warning AeradUK published flight guide and navigational chart system aerodrome airport elevation highest point of an aerodrome s usable runway s expressed in feet above mean sea level AMSL AFBair force base usually U S or Canadian AFCS automatic flight control system an advanced autopilot Also IFCS integrated flight control system AFDSAutopilot and Flight Director System AFI assistant flying instructor Also AFIC assistant flying instructor course FIC flying instructor course AFIS Aerodrome Flight Information Service providing information to but not control of aircraft using that aerodrome AFIS O Aerodrome Flight Information Service Officer AFSAerodrome Fire Service AFSAeronautical Fixed Service telephone teleprinter network includes AFTN AFSAuto Flight System AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network A ground based teleprinter network transmitting flight plans weather information etc AGOair to ground operator A Gair to ground aglabove ground level AHRS attitude heading reference system A sensor deriving aircraft attitude and heading information from gyros and accelerometers AIAAarea of intense aerial activity usually military AIC Aeronautical Information Circular Bulletins issued at intervals by the CAA relating to matters of airworthiness administration operating procedures safety etc AICs are colour coded according to subject e g safety circulars are pink thus Pink 12 issued in December 1990 AIDSAirborne integrated data system AIP Aeronautical Information Publication The UK Air Pilot statutory bible of aeronautical information published by the CAA Airepform for reporting position and Met conditions in flight Airmet CAA s telephone aviation weather service covering Southern Northern and Scottish regions of the UK Also Metdial and Metplan privately operated aviation weather services For full details see Pilot February 1991 AIS Aeronautical Information Service CAA unit based at London Heathrow Airport providing flight planning services and information for pilots Publishes AICs above AIZAerodrome Information Zone See ATZ below ALERFAalert phase of search and rescue procedure altaltitude Height above sea level alternate aerodrome specified on a flight plan to which an aircraft chooses to divert if a landing at its intended destination is not possible for reasons of poor weather for example altimeter setting barometric pressure reading in millibars hectopascals or in USA inches of mercury Hg used to set a pressure altimeter s sub scale to QFE or QNH AMAmplitude modulation AME authorized medical examiner A doctor approved by the CAA or foreign licensing authority to conduct examinations for the issue or renewal of aircrew medical certificates amslabove mean sea level sometimes asl in USA anhedralsloping down from root to tip Opposite dihedral ANO Air Navigation Order Statutory legal instrument defining the laws of air navigation pilot licensing etc in the UK Other aviation legislation includes the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic regulations and the Air Navigation General Regulations AoAangle of attack Also alpha thus high alpha high angle of attack AOAAirport Operators Association AOC Air Operator s Certificate issued by the CAA and required by aircraft operators flying scheduled or charter public transport flights including cargo air taxi and pleasure flying work Also Air Officer Commanding in RAF parlance AoEairport of entry usually in USA AOG aircraft on ground a term used to denote urgency when requesting spares or service from suppliers or manufacturers meaning that the aircraft cannot fly again until the parts have been supplied AOPAAircraft Owners and Pilots Association A Pairport or autopilot A maximum auw is the maximum allowable weight including fuel and payload specified in an aircraft s Certificate of Airworthiness Sometimes referred to in USA especially as gross weight and maximum gross weight respectively Also MTWA maximum total weight authorised BOW Basic operating weight the weight of an aircraft with all equipment lubricants fuel and operating crew but without payload MLW maximum landing weight above which fuel must be burned off or jettisoned before landing or there may be risk of structural damage avgas aviation gasoline usually followed by the octane rating Used by piston engined aircraft Also LL low lead avturaviation turbine fuel kerosene Used by turboprops and jets AWRairborne weather radar Awyairway B B BABritish Airways BAABritish Airports Authority BAeABritish Aerobatic Association BALPABritish Airline Pilots Association base leg The crosswind segment of an aerodrome circuit bringing the aircraft from the downwind leg to final approach BAUABusiness Aircraft Users Association BCAR British Civil Air Requirements Airworthiness standards laid down by the CAA for certification of aircraft on the UK Civil Aircraft Register BCPbreak cloud procedure BCPL Basic Commercial Pilot s Licence the minimum qualification necessary in the UK to receive payment for acting as a pilot Also CPL Commercial Pilot s Licence and SCPL Senior Commercial Pilot s Licence no longer issued beta mode manually controlled mode for CS propellers on turboprop aircraft enabling reverse pitch to be selected for braking or to aid ground manoeuvring BFR Biennial Flight Review USA Holders of U S FAA Private Pilot Licences must undergo a flight check with an FAA approved examiner every two years No UK equivalent BGABritish Gliding Association BHABBritish Helicopter Advisory Board bhpbrake horsepower BHPABritish Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association Bleed airHot compressed air taken from turbine engines BMAABritish Microlight Aircraft Association BottlangLoose leaf Euopean airfields manual for VFR operations BRG bearing the horizontal direction to or from any point expressed in degrees of the compass BWPABritish Women Pilots Association C C CCelsius temperature or compass CAACivil Aviation Authority CAD CAMcomputer aided design manufacture CAAFU Civil Aviation Authority Flying Unit based at Stansted Airport which performs such tasks as navaid checking and calibration and also examines candidates for instrument ratings and commercial pilot s licences CANP Civil Aviation Notification Procedure A voluntary system whereby civil operators notify their intention to fly at low level at or below 1 000 feet agl when crop spraying or powerline inspecting for example aimed at avoiding conflict with low flying military aircraft CAP Civil Air Publication Information booklets issued by the CAA e g CAP 53 The Private Pilot Licence CAS calibrated airspeed indicated airspeed corrected for air density and compressibility casevaccasualty evacuation CAT clear air turbulence Also CATegory when referring to certain instrument landing systems which require special aircraft instrumentation certification and pilot qualification beyond those needed for standard instrument approaches e g a CAT IIIC ILS permits operation down to the surface of the runway without external visual reference true zero zero operation CAVOK pronounced CAV okay ceiling and visibility OK visibility at least ten kilometres with no cloud below 5 000 feet with no Cbs precipitation thunderstorms shallow fog or low drifting snow CAVU ceiling and visibility unlimited Cloudless or scattered cloud conditions with visibility in excess of ten kilometres CCFCombined Cadet Force CDI course deviation indicator The vertical needle of a VOR indicator which shows the aircraft s position relative to the selected VOR radial CDUcontrol display unit ceiling height above ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 20 000 feet which covers more than half of the sky An aircraft s service ceiling is the density altitude at which its maximum rate of climb is no greater than 100 feet per minute Its absolute ceiling is the highest altitude at which it can maintain level flight CFIchief flying instructor certified flying instructor in USA CFSCentral Flying School RAF CGcentre of gravity CHcompass heading Check A a thorough pre flight inspection the first of the day CHIRP Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting system whereby professional pilots and ATC staff may report in confidence incidents arising from human errors for analysis by the CHIRP Charitable Trust at Farnborough CHT cylinder head temperature gauge A device which by means of a probe s gives a cockpit readout of the temperature of one or more of an aircraft engine s cylinder heads circuit pattern around which aircraft fly when arriving at an airfield usually rectangular in UK but not necessarily elsewhere The circuit known as the pattern in USA is aligned with the active runway and may be either left or right handed Dead side is the opposite side of the circuit pattern in operation from which arriving aircraft join for landing See also final s C Lcentre line of a runway for example clampedcolloquialism referring to an airport closed to air traffic by bad weather clean flaps slats and undercarriage retracted and on military aircraft no external missiles etc clearance authorization from air traffic control to proceed as requested or instructed Used for ground and air manoeuvring thus cleared for take off cleared flight planned route cleared to descend etc Clouds commonly used abbreviations for cloud types AC altocumulus AS altostratus CB cumulonimbus CC cirrocumulus CI cirrus CS cirrostratus CU cumulus NS nimbo stratus SC stratocumulus ST stratus C of A Certificate of Airworthiness issued by the CAA indicating that an aircraft meets the Authority s airworthiness standards Cs of A are issued to individual aircraft and also to generic aircraft types Type Certification in the USA when the first example of a type is registered Cs of A on individual aircraft are granted in several categories e g Private Public Transport Aerial Work etc and much be renewed at intervals Permits to Fly are authorisations granted to specialist aircraft and are accordingly restricted in the kinds of operation for which they may be used C of E Certificate of Experience valid for private pilot licence holders for thirteen months and renewed by flight test or evidence of completing the minimum required flying experience in the preceding thirteen month period Also C of T certificate of test C of G centre of gravity The point on an aircraft through which the entire aircraft s weight may be assumed to act i e around which the aircraft if suspended would balance C of G limits are the most forward and rearward positions of the C of G permitted for safe operation An aircraft loaded outside its C of G limits can be difficult or impossible to control C of P centre of pressure the point through which the total effect of lift may be said to act on an aeroplane Com m s communication s CPLCommercial Pilot s Licence CR or C R counter rotating Usually in general aviation referring to twin engined aircraft with handed engines whose propellers turn in opposite directions to eliminate propeller torque effect CRMcockpit resources management crosswind leg portion of an aerodrome circuit flown before downwind CRPcompulsory reporting point CRT cathode ray tube like a television Used in flight deck displays of new generation airliners business aircraft and military jets instead of conventional instruments See also EFIS critical altitude the highest density altitude at which it is possible to maintain the maximum continuous rated power or manifold pressure of an aero engine critical engine the engine on a multi engined aircraft whose failure would most seriously effect performance or handling of the aircraft through asymmetric effects or loss of power to systems such as hydraulics CRS course the intended direction of flight in the horizontal plane expressed in degrees of the compass c scall sign CS constant speed propeller A variable pitch propeller which maintains constant rpm by automatically changing blade angle Also CSU constant speed unit CTA Control Area An area of controlled airspace extending upwards from specified limit agl CTR Control Zone An area of controlled airspace extending upwards from ground level to a specified upper limit CVR cockpit voice recorder A tape recorder installed on the flight decks of commercial transport aircraft and helicopters and some business aeroplanes to record crew conversation RT transmissions and cockpit background noises e g trim wheel operation flap motor running in case required for incident or accident investigation CWcarrier wave or continuous wave CWRcolour weather radar CZControl Zone USA CZIcompressor zone inspection D D DADanger Area DAAISDanger Area Activity Information Service DACSDanger Area Crossing Service DADCDigital air data computer DADS system D ETDestimated time of departure ETEestimated time en route ETOPSextended range twin operations usually long over water flights by airliners ETPS Empire Test Pilots School based at the Aircraft also CFRP carbon fibre reinforced plastic Composite materials seeing increasing use in entire airframes for GA aircraft e g Beech Starship and for components for helicopters airliners and military aircraft GS glideslope The vertical guidance part of an instrument landing system which establishes a safe glidepath usually three degrees to a runway G S groundspeed The speed an aircraft makes over the ground a product of its airspeed and wind speed H H H24 continuous round the clock operation Also HJ operates during day HN operates during night HO operates during times to meet operational requirements and HX no specific operational hours HAAHistoric Aircraft Association HAIHelicopter Association International half mill ion 1 500 000 scale ICAO aeronautical chart Hdg heading The direction in which an aircraft s nose points in flight in the horizontal plane expressed in compass degrees Heavy suffix used in RT callsigns to indicate that the aircraft is a large transport alerting controllers and following aircraft to the possibility of wake turbulence Hectopascal hPa unit of pressure measurement equivalent to one millibar which see now the ICAO standard for altimeter setting HEMShelicopter emergency medical services Hertzstandard radio equivalent of frequency in cycles per second See also kHz and MHz HFhigh frequency band used for long range radio communications in the 3 30 MHz range Hginches of mercury a unit of pressure measurement HIALhigh intensity approach lighting HIGEhover in ground effect Also see HOGE HIRFhigh intensity radiated electromagnetic fields HIRLhigh intensity runway lighting HISLhigh intensity strobe light holding pattern racetrack shaped manoeuvre which keeps aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance from air traffic control HOCAChands on cyclic and collective see HOTAS below HOGEhover out of ground effect Also see HIGE hot and high airfield conditions of high altitude and high ambient temperatures that can severely limit aircraft performance See also density altitude HOTAS hands on throttle and stick Ergonomic cockpit design technology originally developed for military combat aircraft enabling a pilot to fly the aircraft and manage all navigation weapons and other systems from control column throttle lever hand grips HOTCChands on throttle collective one nautical mile equals 6 080 feet kVkilovolt kWkilowatt L L LARS Lower Airspace Radar Advisory service available to all aircraft flying in uncontrolled UK airspace from 3 000 feet amsl to FL95 See also MMARS RAS and RIS below LAMS Light Aircraft Maintenance Schedule the CAA approved schedule for fixed wing light aircraft below 2 730 kg auw whose Cs of A are valid for three years subject to compliance with LAMS latlatitude LATCCLondon Area the aircraft s VOR receiver enables a pilot to identify his radial or bearing from to the ground station VOR is the most commonly used radio navigation aid in private flying Increased accuracy is available in Doppler VORs DVOR which have replaced some VOR is the UK system Also VORTAC combined VOR and TACAN and VOT