外文文献 汽车零部件出口.doc

Thinking about expanding auto parts exportsQuJieAuto parts industry is the foundation for the development of the auto industry, auto parts and components to expand exports, is our country realize from the auto industry power to the power of the auto industry. Influenced by the international financial crisis, since the second half of 2008, China auto parts export began by rapid development into the adjustment. This paper deeply analyzes the financial crisis for Chinas auto parts exports bring negative influence and opportunities, as well as the problems existing in the auto parts industry in China itself, and on this basis, puts forward the Suggestions on China auto parts to expand exports.Auto parts industry is the foundation for the development of the auto industry, auto industry competition under a lot of auto parts enterprises through exports, participate in the competition of part components industry. When the international division of labor, into the global procurement system has become a inevitable choice to adapt to the development trend of economic globalization. A countrys auto parts industry in the position in the international division of labor have largely represents a countrys auto industry competitive strength. Auto parts, expand exports, at a higher level of participation in international division of labor, is not only beneficial to adjust the structure of export products, transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, but also as a whole the international and domestic two markets and two resources, speed up the auto parts industry structure adjustment and the pace of technological progress, is our country to realize from the auto industry giants to the powers of the auto industry.1. China auto parts export by the rapid development into the adjustmentSince the 21st century, our country automobile industry keep high speed development, has become the worlds second largest car producer in 2008, the second largest car consumption market and the largest potential market. In the high-speed growth of the whole car market leads, the auto parts industry in China in the technical level, quality level and management level has made great progress. According to statistics, in 2008, our country there are more than 000 auto parts enterprises above designated size 8, auto parts manufacturing to achieve gross industrial output value is 9, 48.07 billion yuan, up 23.9% year on year, 36.6% of the total output value of the car industry. Auto parts industry in China has initially formed corresponding to the vehicle development, category complete supporting system, have a certain competitiveness.In meet the demand of the domestic market at the same time, Chinas auto parts products begin to enter the international market, and shows a tendency of increasing year by year, the export amount from the rapid growth of $2000 in 3.32 billion to $2008 in 31.29 billion, the annual growth rate remained above 30%, even in the financial crisis in 2008, still maintained a 10.3% increase. In 2005, auto parts in Chinas foreign trade surplus for the first time since the trade surplus expanded year by year, the export of auto parts is our country automobile products main products, in 2008, auto parts exports accounted for 76.5% of the total export of automobile products, accounting for 2.2% of the total amount of the national foreign trade export. Total exports to 217 countries, including the United States, Japan, Korea, Germany and other automobile industry in developed countries is the main target market, our country in 2008, the amount of exports to the four countries accounted for 48.7% of the total amount of the auto parts exports. Vehicle parts exports is given priority to with foreign companies, but in recent years, state-owned and private enterprises in the export performance is more and more active, in this factor, the auto parts in general trade export gradually increased, the proportion of 53.2% in 2008.Since the second half of 2008, with the spread of the international financial crisis and deepening, the international automobile market demand is shrinking, China auto parts export amount growth slowed significantly. In the first half of 2009, Chinas auto parts export amount is $11.98 billion, down 25.4% year-on-year, for six consecutive months of year-on-year negative growth, drop 20.8% drop compared with mechanical and electrical products exports. From export market situation, our country in Asia, North America and Europe market export all appear to drop sharply, by 30.0%, 21.4% and 30.8% respectively for Japan and South Korea fell 43.6% and 37.8% respectively. Nature, from the enterprise with foreign investment and the auto parts export decline of state-owned enterprises are higher than average auto parts exports decline 27.0% and 29.9%, respectively, relative to character, smaller in private enterprises, was 19.3%. Mainly because the foreign capital enterprise, mainly international supporting and give priority to with Europe and the United States market, and more private enterprises to enter international aftermarket. From the trade way, way of general trade decline of 32.2%, proportion compared with the same period in 2008 to 53.3%, the processing trade means a 19.4% decline, proportion fell to 45.0% compared with the same period in 2008.2. The serious situation of Chinese auto parts exports and problemsAuto parts export in our country has been developed from rapid growth into the adjustment period, the external environment facing increasingly nervous.2.1 the international automobile market demandAffected by the financial crisis, the global auto industry to strong shocks, since the second half of 2008, in North America, Europe and Japan as a representative of the traditional automobile market in double-digit negative growth significantly. Gm and Chrysler part forced to suspend production. This causes our country give priority to in order to form a complete set of market of auto parts enterprises orders is unsustainable and have factory capacity, product backlog, etc.2.2 credit financing more difficultAt present, foreign Banks are reluctant to lend or improve loan conditions, lead to local purchaser a shortage of funds, the market downturn and the money collecting speed slow, sales in trouble. At the same time, many foreign Banks have severe credit crisis, export enterprises gathering period by the usual 30 days up to 60 90 days. There are even default phenomenon, eci increased obviously.2.3 international trade protectionism began to riseRecently, our country automobile tires, wheel hub, fastener, bearing, and other products have suffered from the United States, the European Union, India, Brazil, Australia and other countries of anti-dumping investigation. In addition, the rules on the vehicle emission limits, vehicle safety increasingly strict requirements, the mounting international trade barriers.2.4 thea ppreciation of the renminbi to reduce exports competitive advantageMain target market currencies against the dollar depreciated, leading to international purchasers to be digested into the cost of automobile products in our country, reduce procurement requirements. Domestic companies to avoid exchange rate risk, did not dare to sign orders for a long time. And rising currency value, at the same time with Chinas auto parts export competition between national currency is in decline, China auto parts export price competitive advantage has been weakened.Auto parts enterprises to export, is this irresistible external financial crisis affected, but deep-seated contradictions and problems of their own is the main reason.One is the enterprise scale effect is not obvious. About 50% of the domestic industry domestic large parts enterprises accounted for less than 1% of all enterprises, large and medium-sized enterprises is less than 15%, parts enterprises overall level is low, scattered forces and low degree of specialization, difficult to meet the demand of large quantities of foreign procurement.Second, the domestic enterprises lack of products with core competitiveness. Because our country automobile parts enterprises generally small scale, the industry r&d spending accounted for only about 0.6% of the sales revenue, unable to form a strong development capabilities, products convergence, low technical content, the lack of the main assembly and key components of the core technology of a car. As timing gear, efi system, engine management system, the transfer case assembly, synchronizer gear ring, the central controller and other high technology content and added value of key automotive spare parts, more than 90% of total production is concentrated in a foreign capital enterprise.Third, export structural imbalance problem is serious. Auto parts export in our country is still in aluminum wheels, water tank, glass, electrical wiring harness, brake disc resources and labor-intensive products, such as low value-added technology, the status of the lack of independent brands have no obvious improvement. Main export markets are still is the low-end market, OEM proportion less than 30%.Four is the enterprise internal friction is intense, the export order needs to be combed, on the premise of excess production capacity, as exports subject too much, too miscellaneous, serious product homogeneity, at a low price as a major means of competition, leading to export enterprise internal friction is intense, disturb the order of the international market competition, the frequent antidumping investigation, also lead to thin margins at the same time, it is difficult to do bigger and stronger.Five is based on low cost expansion is given priority to, an extensive growth of the road some export enterprises to guarantee low cost, low price, reduces the control on the quality of products, at the expense of the r&d input, weakening the construction of marketing network and after-sales service system, damaged the whole image of Chinese enterprises, and also led to the loss of market share.3. The financial crisis bring new opportunities for China auto parts exportsThe financial crisis causes many negative impacts to the China auto parts export at the same time, the international development of the auto parts industry also has brought the new opportunity. Financial crisis led to some international famous auto parts enterprises into a dilemma, its for our auto parts enterprises overseas mergers and acquisitions, the introduction of talents and advanced technology provides a rare opportunity. Multinational companies in the market situation is not good, for reasons of cost control, will take more competitive procurement, this is good for our auto parts enterprises exert comparative advantages, expand exports. In addition, new car purchasing power decline in developed countries, some consumers will extend the update time of car, car maintenance demand increase, in large part to keep the after-sales market demand, to give priority to with aftermarket China auto parts export has provided a broad market. Under the impact of the international financial crisis, Chinas auto parts exports in the short term, the recession is inevitable, but the international automobile market demand potential is still huge, at present, the main national automobile market under the incentive of government support policies, production and sales have fallen narrowing trend, in 2010 is expected to stop falling stabilises, picked up, when our country auto parts export growth will resume.4. Some Suggestions on Chinas auto parts to expand exportsAuto parts is during the period of 11th five-year plan national key support one of the export products. Expanding auto parts export is also implement the strategy of rejuvenating trade through science and technology in our country and the important content of accelerate transformation of the mode of foreign trade growth. Therefore, this article is to expand the export auto parts put forward countermeasures and Suggestions as follows:4.1 auto parts export structure optimizationActively adjust the structure of export products, by a single model to export to capital exportChange; By low-end labor-intensive, material intensive products exports began to shift towards higher value-added mechanical and electrical products export; By the after-sale market gradually to form a complete set of market change. Promote the development of e-commerce and the import and export trade in services system, constantly improve the parts enterprise overall quality and ability to participate in international competition.4.2 adhere to the implementation of the introduction and going out strategyEncourage enterprises through various forms to establish overseas marketing center and marketing network. Support a strong investment of foreign enterprises and built factories overseas, from pure product export to export capital, technology and brand. Encourage enterprises through overseas acquisitions and other way to get related technology, research and development capabilities and other international quality resources. For foreign investment restrictions to our country enterprise by the government, by includingMechanism of multilateral and bilateral negotiations, a variety of ways of positive solution. Continue to multinational companies of strength are encouraged to invest in China, have the destination to introduce our country does not yet have capability to develop all kinds of advanced technology. Through the introduction of advanced product technology and management, directly promote Chinas auto parts industry into global auto parts production and supply system.4.3 support enterprises strengthen the independent innovation, and improve the core competitivenessEncourage the auto parts export enterprises and institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes to strengthen cooperation and communication,Increase r&d investment, we will accelerate the establishment of a research and development center; Make full use of the existing policy, priority of the countrys automobile and parts export base enterprises loan discount for product development and technical support; Support the auto parts production enterprises to strengthen the construction of research and development system, on the basis of digesting the imported technology, developed with independent intellectual property rights of technology; For export enterprises, research institutions and foreign cooperation development of auto parts products, import prototype, levy import link tax relief and so on.4.4 to speed up the national automobile and parts export base constructionNational ministry of commerce and the national development and reform commission has jointly identified 12 export base and export base management departments on the 160 export base enterprises should combine their development characteristics, to study and put forward to speed up the export base of the construction of the long-term planning, improve the management work, strive for the national automobile and parts export base construction become independent innovation base, base of international exchanges and cooperation, the protection of intellectual property rights of base, play an exemplary role in the national automobile and parts exports. Promptly implement the existing policy, organize enterprises with good country about the new policy, study and formulate policy measures to speed up the construction of export base, increasing investment in base constructi