人教版初一上册英语语法.doc

M1. 动词be 说明身份、年龄、状态等一、动词be（am, is, are）:说明身份、年龄、状态等。 例：I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。 I am 21 years old. 我21岁了。 I am very healthy. 我很健康。二、be动词的人称变化： 第一人称I-am 第一人称复数we，第二人称you，第三人称复数they-are 第二人称he/she/it-is三、在一般疑问句中：be 动词提前 例：Are you the student from Class Two? -Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Is he from Class Two? - Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. Are they from Class Two? - Yes, they are. / No, they arent.四、在否定句中：be+not 例：I am not from Class Two. He is not (isnt) from Class Two. They are not (arent) from Class Two.五、动词be的具体使用：1、be+形容词 例：Im very tired2、be+名词 例：She is a student.3、be+介词短语 例：She is at home now.4、be+副词 例：Class is over.M2. this, these, that, those的用法一、 this，that用法：1. this和that是指示代词2.距离说话人近的人或物用this（这）,距离说话人远的人或物用that（那） 例: Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处)Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处)3. 放在一起的两样东西，先说this,后说that。 例：Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。4. 向别人介绍某人时说Thisis,不说Thatis。 例：ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆5. 在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。例：Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗？Yes,itis.是的，它是。Whatsthat?那是什么？Itsakite.是只风筝。二、these和those用法1. these和those是指示代词2. these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。例：Thisismybed.ThatisLilysbed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗？-Yes,theyare.是的，他们是。M3.there be句型的用法1.there be:表示某地有某物例：There is a book on the desk.There are some books on the desk.2.否定形式：be + not例：There is not (isnt) a book on the desk.There are not (arent) any books on the desk.3.一般疑问句：be提前例：Is there a book on the desk? Yes, there is. No, there isnt.Are there any books on the desk? Yes, there are. No, there arent.4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句例：How many desks are there?M4.have got的用法1.have got: 表示某人有某物。例：I / You/ They have got a cat.我/你/他们有一只猫。He / She has got some food. 他/她/有一些食物。2.否定形式：have / has + not例：I /You/ They have not (havent) got some books.He/She has not (hasnt) got any food.3.一般疑问句：have / has 提前例：Have you / they got any food? Yes, I/ they have. / No, I/ they havent.Has he / she got any food? Yes, she/ he has. / No, she / he hasnt.4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+have / has 例：What have you / they got?What has she / he got?注意：当have表示“有”时:否定：dont / doesnt + have 例：He doesnt have a big dog. 一般疑问句：do/does提前 例：-Does she have a big dog? -Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. M5. some, any的用法some用于肯定句中，any用于疑问和否定句中。例：Thereissomemilkinthecup.杯子里有一些牛奶。WehaventgotanyEnglishclassmates.我们没有任何英国同学。Haveyougotanybrothers?你有兄弟吗？M 6，7,8行为动词的一般现在时一、一般现在时：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。 表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。 二、常用的频度副词：often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，seldom 很少，sometimes 有时。注：频度副词一般放在行为动词的前面，助动词的后面例：I often get up at ten to seven.三、结构：主语+动词原型（只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形）四、句型：1.陈述肯定句：主语+动词原型例：I / You/ They go to school every day.She/ He/ It has two ears.She is Chinese.2. 否定句： 有be动词/ 情态动词：be/情态动词+not没有be动词/ 情态动词：do not/ does not +动词原型例：He is not (isnt) from China.He does not (doesnt) come from China.I can not (cant) swim.3.一般疑问句：有be动词/ 情态动词：be动词/ 情态动词提前没有be动词/ 情态动词: do/does提前，动词变为原型例：Is he from China?Does he come from China? Can you swim?4.特殊疑问句：有be动词/ 情态动词：特殊疑问词+be动词/ 情态动词 没有be动词/ 情态动词：特殊疑问词+do/does例：When does he go to school?Where are you from?五、动词变化：1.直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays2以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-doesgo-goes pass-passes3以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-triesstudy-studies cry-cries fly-flies4.不规则变化：be- is，are have-has M9,10行为动词的现在进行时一、现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。二、 结构：主语+be(am,is,are)+动词ing 例：He is playing football.三、 句型：1.肯定句：主语+be+动词ing例：I am reading a book now.He is reading a book bow.We are playing games.2.否定句：主语+be+not+动词ing例：I am not reading a book.She is not (isnt) watching TV.They are not (arent) writing.3.一般疑问句：be提前例：Are you eating? -Yes, I am. / No, Im not.Is he studying? -Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句例：What are you doing?What is he doing?Who is singing?四、 动词变化：1.一般情况下直接加ing：think-thinking sleep-sleeping study-studying speak-speaking say-saying2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e,再加ingwake-waking make-making come-coming take-taking leave-leaving have-havingdance-dancing ride-riding write-writing3. 以重读闭音节结尾，呈现辅，元，辅结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ingstop-stopping sit-sitting run-running4.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ing lie-lying五、没有进行时的动词