化学英语证书考试(PEC)-有机化学词汇前后缀.doc

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-有机化学词汇前后缀- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除1,4-addition 1，4-加成Absolute configuration 绝对构型Abstraction 夺取反应acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 烯丙基 propenyl(丙烯基)alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮Acetal 缩醛Acetylide 炔化物Achiral 非手性的Aci form 酸式Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Activating group 活化基团Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Acyl azide 酰叠氮Acyl cation 酰基正离子Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl iodide 酰碘Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acylation 酰化Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Acyloin 偶姻Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解acyloxyation 酰氧基化Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Additive dimerization 加成二聚Aglycon 苷元Alcohol 醇Alcoholysis 醇解Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Aldehyde 醛Aldimine 醛肟Aldimine 醛亚胺Alditol 糖醇Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Aldol 羟醛Aldose 醛糖aldoxime 硝酮Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Alkane 烷Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alkylation 烷基化Alkylidene group 亚烷基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Allene 丙二烯Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic 烯丙型的Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Ambident 两可的Amide 酰胺Amidine 脒Aminal 缩醛胺Amination 氨基化Amine oxide 氧化胺Amine 胺Amino acid 氨基酸Aminomercuration 氨汞化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Amphi position 远位Angular methyl group 角甲基Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Annulation,annelation 增环反应Anomer 端基差向异构体Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Anti conformation 反式构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Apofacial reaction 反面反应Arenirm ion 芳基正离子Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatization 芳构化Aryl action 芳正离子Aryl group 芳基Arylation 芳基化Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Atropismer 阻转异构体Autoxidation 自氧化Auxochrome 助色团Axial bond 直立键Azine 嗪B strain 后张力Backside attack 背面进攻Banana bond 香蕉键Basic solvent 碱性溶剂benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic cation 苄基正离子Benzylic 苄型的Benzyne 苯炔Betaine 甜菜碱Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Bisamination 双氨基化Bisecting conformation 等分构象Boat conformation 船型构象boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角bond energy键能bond length 键长Borderline mechanism 边理机理Bredt rule 布雷特规则Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Bridged-ring system 桥环体系C- alkylation C-烷基化Cage compound 螺烷Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbanion 碳负离子Carbene 卡宾Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbine 碳炔-carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸 centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代 cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Carbocation 碳正离子carbocyclic compound碳环化合物Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳carbonylation 羧基化Carboxylation 羧基化Carboxylic acid 羧酸Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Catenane 轮烷Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Ccumulene 累积多烯Cellosolve 溶纤剂chain compoud 链状化合物Chair conformation 椅型构象Chelation 螯环化chemical bond 化学键Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Chiral 手性的Chirality 手性Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Chromophore 生色团Cine substitution 移位取代Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构cis-顺Common ring 普通环compounds of carbon 碳化合物Condensation 缩合Configuration 构型Conformation 构象Conformational effect 构象效应Conformational inversion 构象反转Conformational transmission 构象传递Conformational 构象分析conformation构象Conformer 构象异构体Conjugate addition 共轭加成Conjugate base 共轭碱Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugated-system 共轭体系Conjugation 共轭Conrotatory 顺旋constitutional isomer构造异构constitution构造contiguration构型Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Counrergegenion 反荷离子Coupling reaction 偶联反应covalent bond 共价键Crams rube 克拉姆规则Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应Crown ether 冠醚Cyanamide 氨腈Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Cyanohydrin 羟腈Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Cyclization 环化Cycloaddition 环加成Cycloalkene 环烷Deactivating group 钝化基团Deamination 脱氨基deca- 十 deci 10-1 -dine 啶 dodeca- 十二Decarbonylation 脱羰Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Decyanation 脱氰基Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Dehalogenation 脱卤Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Delocalezed bond 离域键Demethylation 脱甲基化Deoxygenation 脱氧Deselenization 脱硒Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Desulfurization 脱硫Detone 酮Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Diastereomer 非对映异构体Diastereotopic 非对映异位的Diaxial addition 双直键加成Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Diazoalkane 重氮烷Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Diazotization 重氮化Dielectric constant 介电常数Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Diene synthesis 双烯合成Diene 双烯Dienophile 亲双烯体Dimerization 二聚Dipolar addition 偶极加成dipole moment偶极矩dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用Disroatatory 对旋dissociation energy 离解能Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Dithiane 二噻烷Diyne 二炔D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系Double bond migration 双键移位E isomer E异构体Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象eclipsed conformation重叠式构象Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Electrical effect 电场效应Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环化重排Electrofuge 离电体Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给体受体络合物Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团electronegativity 电负性Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrophile 亲电体Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代electrophilic reaction亲电反应electrophilic reagent亲电试剂Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代-elimination -消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Enamine 烯胺Enantiomer 对映异构体Enantiotopic 对映异位的Endo addition 内型加成Endo isomer 内型异构体Ene synthesis 单烯合成-ene 烯 epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基Enol ester 烯醇酯Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol 烯醇Enolization 烯醇化Envelope conformation 信封型构象Enyne 烯炔Epimer 差向异构体Epoxidation 环氧化Epoxide 环氧化物Equatorial bond 平伏键Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Ester 酯Esterification 酯化Ethanolysis 乙醇解Ether 醚Ethylation 乙基化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Exo addition 外型加成Exo isomer 外型异构体F strain 前张力Field effect 场效应Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂fluoro- 氟代 form 仿Fluxional structure 循变结构Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁Formylation 甲酰化Fragmentation 碎裂free redical自由基functional group 官能团Furanose 呋喃糖Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Glucoside 葡萄糖苷Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol 二醇-glycol 二醇Glycoside 糖苷Guest 客体Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Helical molecule 螺旋型分子hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级的，次 hyper- 高级的，高Hemiacetal 半缩醛heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Heterolysis 异裂heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Heterotopic 异位的Hofmanns rule 霍夫曼规则Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Homochiral 纯手性的Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Homolog 同系物Homologization 同系化Homolysis 均裂homolysis均裂Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Homotopic 等位的Host 主体Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Huckelrule 休克尔规则hybrid orbital 杂化轨道Hydantion 乙内酰脲Hydrazide 酰肼Hydrazone 腙Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Hydroboration 硼氢化hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化hydrogen bonding 氢键Hydrogenolysis 氢解Hydrometallation 氢金属化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Hydroxylation 羟基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hyperconjugation 超共轭I strain 内张力-ic 酸的，高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替 胺，酐 -il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodine 碘iodo- 碘代 iso- 异，等，同 -ite 亚酸盐Imide 二酰亚胺imine 亚胺Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inductive effect 诱导效应Initiation 引发Inner salt 内盐Insertion 插入Intermediate 中间体Internal abstraction 内夺取反应Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Internal return 内返Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Inversion 反转Ion pair 离子对ionic type离子型Ipso position 本位Isoinversion 等反转Isomerism 异构现象isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体Isonitrile 异腈Isoracemization 等消旋Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭Ketal 缩酮Ketene 乙烯酮Keto ester 酮酸酯keto- 酮 ketone 酮Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Ketose 酮糖Ketyl radical 羰自由基Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Kinetic control 动力学控制Lactam 内酰胺Lactol 内半缩醛Lactone 内酯-lactone 内酯Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Large angle strain 大角张力Large ring 大环Leaving group 离去基团Leois structure 路易斯结构Linear free energy 线性自由能Lithiation 锂化Macrolide 大环内酯Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Mannich base 曼尼希碱Markovnikovs rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Mechanism 机理Medium rimg 中环mega- 106 meta- 间，偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基 micro- 10-6 milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一，单melting point熔点Mercaptan 硫醇Mercuration 汞化Meso compound 内消旋化合物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Meta directing group 间位定位基Meta position 间位Michael addition 迈克尔加成Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Migration 迁移Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Mitallation 金属化Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法N-alkylation N-烷基化nano- 10-9 nitro- 硝基 nitroso- 亚硝基 nona- 九 nonadeca- 十九N-bromo compound N-溴化物Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neoman projection 纽曼投影式Netro compound 硝基化合物newman projection纽曼投影式Nitration 硝化Nitrene 氮宾Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Nitrile 腈Nitrosation 亚硝化No-bond resonance 无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Nucleofuge 离核体Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性O- alkylation O-烷基化octa- 八 octadeca- 十八 -oic 酸的 -ol 醇-one 酮 ortho- 邻，正，原 -ous 亚酸的，低价金属 oxa- 氧杂 -oxide 氧化合物 -oxime 肟 oxo- 酮 oxy- 氧化 -oyl 酰Octahedral compound 八面体化合物octet八隅体Oligosaccharide 寡糖Optical activity 光学活性organic chemistry 有机化学organic compounds 有机化合物Orinentation 取向Ortho effect 邻位效应Ortho position 邻位orthoester 原酸酯Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Osazone 脎Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Oxime 肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物Oxo process 羰基合成Oxonolysis 臭氧解Oxyamination 羟氨基化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Para position 对位para- 对位，仲 penta- 五 pentadeca- 十五 per- 高，过 petro- 石油 phenol 苯酚 phenyl 苯基 pico- 10-12 poly- 聚，多Paraffin wax 石蜡Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Partial bond fixation 键的部分固定化Partial rate factor 分速度系数Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Peptide 肽Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Peri position 近位Pericyclic reaction 周环反应perspective 透视式Phantom atom 虚拟原子Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Phenyl group 苯基Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Photoisomerization 光异构化photooxidation 光氧化Photosensitization 光敏化physical property物理性质Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Pinacol 频哪醇Pitzer strain 皮策张力Plane of symmetry 对称面polarity 极性Polarizability 可极化性Polysaccharide 多糖Prelogrule 普雷洛格规则Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Prochirality 前手性Propellane 笼型化合物Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Prototropy 质子转移Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Pseudorotation 假旋转Puckered ring 折叠环Push-pull effect 推拉效应Pyranose 吡喃糖Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除quadri- 四 quinque- 五Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Racemization 外消旋化Radical anion 自由基负离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical ion 自由基离子Re face Re面reaction mechanism反应机理Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Rearrangement 重排Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Resonance effect 共振效应Resonance 共振Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Retention of configuration 构型保持Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Ring clsure 环合Ring contraction 环缩小反应Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环反应Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Rotamer 旋转异构体Rotazane 螺桨烷R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Rused ring 索烃Saccharide 糖类Saponification 皂化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Selenylation 硒化semi- 半 septi- 七 sesqui 一个半 sulfa- 磺胺 sym- 对称 syn- 顺式，同，共Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Si face Si面Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Silylation 硅烷基化Single electron transfer 单电子转移Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Small-angle strain 小角张力Smally ring 小环Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Solvent effect 溶剂效应Spirane 环烯Spiro compound 螺环化合物Spiroannulation 螺增环Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象staggered conformation交叉式构象Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereochemical orientation 立体化学取向Stereochemistry 立体化学stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism 立体异构现象stereoisomer立体异构Stereospecificty 立体专一性Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻structural formula 结构式structure of molecule 分子结构Substitution 取代Substrate 底物Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonation 磺化Sulfone 砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfonylation 磺酰化Sulfoxide 亚砜sulfuri