土地整理翻译.doc

土地整理现存的问题Existing Problems of Land Consolidation1. 新增耕地重数量不重质量：Emphasizing the quantity of new land but not quality增加有效耕地面积是土地整理的主要目标，而在实际操作中很多时候将重点放在数量上，对土地的使用情况则未得到足够的重视。Increasing the effective area of cultivated land is the main target of land consolidation. However we often put much emphasis on quantity in practice but less emphasis on land use. 为了实现土地整理标准所划定的新增耕地率，大多数政府采用将小田归并为大田的方法，对耕地随意处理，胡乱扩大耕地数量而使良田被破坏浪费。In order to accomplish the delineated new land rate in land consolidation standard, most governments adopt a way of merging field and dispose farmland at discretion which led to a waste of field because of indiscriminate expansion of cultivated land. 另外未对新增耕地的种植情况进行评价，使得耕地质量在整体上呈现下降趋势，无法满足耕地质量不断提升的最终目标。In addition, lacking evaluation of cultivation about new land lead to a downward trend of land quality in the overall, and it cannot meet the ultimate goals of continuous improvement.2. 公众参与少：Less public participation首先项目在可行性研究阶段调查不深入,与农民交流较少,从而项目实施不能顺利开展;firstly, investigation of the project are not in-depth in feasible study stage, less communication with the farmers ,so that the project cannot be carried out successfully. 二是项目规划设计不合理,设计时对项目区缺乏实地深入了解,甚至没有考虑农民的意见.Secondly, project planning and design are not reasonable. It lacks depth understanding of project area and even the views of farmers.为了能够通过审批,把规划做得过于理想化,导致部分规划设计不符合当地实际,难以解决农民关心的问题,不能充分调动农民的积极性起来。In order to earn the approval, the planning is too idealistic and part of it cannot meet the local conditions, which is difficult to resolve the problems farmer concerned and it cannot motivate farmers.总的来说就是：群众参与较少,致使规划与实际脱节,农民积极性不高,直接影响工程进度。All in all, it is less public participation that led to a split between planning and the reality, also the low motivation of farmers will affect the project progress.3. 忽视对环境的保护：Neglect of environment protection许多土地整理项目位于丘陵地、荒坡地、河滩地等, 虽然增加了耕地面积,但是成本高、效益低，同时忽视了对生态环境的保护。Most land consolidation project in hills, slopes and flood land increase the cultivated area, but it has high cost, low efficiency while it neglect the environment protection. 土地整理应该是追求生态、社会和经济效益的统一，Land consolidation should be the pursuit of unity of ecology, social and economic benefits.但实际上为了片面追求高效率、高品质,土地平整完全采用机械化,道路、沟渠完全硬化,but in fact for the pursuit of high efficiency and high quality, land leveling are fully mechanized, roads and drains are completely hardening. 造成土壤板结、自然植被破坏、生物物种减少,生态环境受到严重威胁。It causes soil compaction, destruction of natural vegetation, reduction of biological species and the ecological environment is threatened severely.4、整理模式单一，不能因地制宜：土地整理规划设计必须紧密结合当地的自然条件,坚持因地制宜的原则,既要考虑生产发展,又要考虑士地资源的局域特性,但在现今土地整理项目中没有完全按照因地制宜的要求。比如,重庆市丘陵山区喀斯特地貌特征显著,在土地平整过程中,一般需要爆破改土和客土,用来增厚土层,但在整理项目中因资金问题，项目中很少涉及客土工程。5、较少应用高科技：RS、GIS和数学模型等现代高新技术在土地整理研究和实践中具有良好的应用前景。目前虽然有些土地整理项目规划设计部分采用GIS技术,但大量的土地整理项目采用传统方法、定性方法,系统综合的应用现代高新技术很少,规划设计工作效率低,效益评价结果科学性差,技术手段相对落后。6、土地整理后的权属问题突出：由于各方面的原因,中国的农用地地块小、分布零散、形状不规则。通过土地整理,进行地块合并,使地块变得整齐规则,整理后的土地“田成方、路成框、渠成网、林成行”。这样会使得原有的一些权属界线发生变动，而现在所有权确定工作滞后，农民的权益没有得到充分的保护，从而使项目的遗留问题增加。4. The single treatment model can not be adapted to local conditions:Land consolidation planning and design must be closely combined with local natural conditions, People not only have to consider about the development of production, but also to consider local characteristics of personal resources. But in todays land consolidation project is not fully in accordance with the requirements of local conditions. For example, Karst hills and mountains of Chongqing has a statistically significant, in the course of land leveling, soil improvement and new soil generally require blasting,and the thicker layer is used in the process too, but in consolidation the project due to funding problems, the project works are rarely involved in kETU soil.5, Less application of high technologyRS, GIS and mathematical models of modern high-tech research has a good prospect. in land consolidation and practice, Although some parts of the planning and design of land consolidation project are using GIS technology, but a lot of land consolidation project are using traditional methods, qualitative methods, The application of modern high-tech system is very few .the planning and design make low efficiency, effectiveness evaluation of the results of science is poor, and techniques are still backward. 6. The ownership of land consolidation issues stand out: Due to various reasons, Chinas agricultural land plots are very small, scattered distribution and irregular shape. Through land consolidation, the land combined to block the rules become neat, after the consolidation land the land become regular, the road into the frames, and drainage into the net, forests make int