think,believe 宾语从句的用法.doc

think，believe 宾语从句的用法一、否定转移当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接的宾语从句为含有not的否定句时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。主句是谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，例如：I dont think it will rain tomorrow.We dont expect our football team will win the World Cup.但hope后接的宾语从句的否定不需要转移。例如：I hope you werent ill. (Unit 15 READING)需要特别说明的是：涉及到转移的只是not，not以外的其它否定词，如no, never, hardly, few, little, seldom等，不必转移。例如：I believe my brother has never been late for school.We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.二、反意疑问句的构成视情况不同有两种think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。1.当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如：I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如：I dont believe that he can translate this book, can he?We dont imagine the twins have arrived, have they?此类句子的回答同前否后肯型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为Yes, they have.；若尚未到达，使用No, they havent.。2.当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致。例如：Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?三、简略回答用so或not口语中，可以用so或not替代这些动词之后的肯定或否定的宾语从句，以避免重复。例如：1. - Are you able to come to our party tomorrow?-I think so. What time? (so= I am able to come to your party tomorrow)2. -Is my car ready?-I believe not. (I dont believe so.)这里的not = it is not ready；so = it is ready。3. -Is Peter coming to the concert?-I expect so/not.需要说明的是，在think, imagine, believe三词的否定答语中，用dont think/imagine/believe so比用not更为常见。hope则只能使用not，不能使用dont hope so。例如：4. -Will it rain the day after tomorrow?-I hope so. / I hope not. (不能说： I dont hope so.)英语中表达观点、信念、推测及臆测等心理活动的主从复合句在表示“认为不”等含义的宾语从句中，常需要进行否定转移，既主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。可用于该结构的动词主要有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, feel等。例如：1. I dont think this magazine is worth reading.我认为这本杂志不值得读。2. I dont believe that he can fix the bike.我认为他修不好这辆自行车。3. I dont suppose that I know you.我想我并不认识你。这种结构通常用于一般现在时，下面几种情况一般不接受否定转移。一、当主句中的谓语动词为“一般过去时”或“过去完成时”时。1. I thought it wasnt his duty to help Tom.我认为帮助汤姆不是他的职责。2. I had thought he wouldnt come.我原以为他不会来。二、当主句中的谓语动词为“过去进行时”时。1. I was thinking the room was not hot enough.我在想那间房间不够热。2. I was thinking they couldnt receive our demands.我在想他们不可能接受我们的要求。三、当主句中的谓语动词为“现在完成时”或“现在完成进行时”时。1. Ive supposed that I wont trouble you again.我想我不会再麻烦你了。2. Ive been thinking that the sky wont fall down.我一直相信天不会塌下来。四、当think用在疑问句中时。1. Why do you think I cant change your note?你为什么认为我兑不开你的钞票呢？2. Do you think my mother wouldnt permit this?你认为我妈妈不会答应吗？五、当主句中的谓语动词与情态动词连用时。He must think I am not fit for the job.他一定认为我不适合这项工作。六、当主句中的谓语动词与状语连用时。I really think you neednt worry about his safety.我真的认为你没有必要为他的安全担心。七、当主句中的谓语动词被加强语气的助动词do , does, did修饰时1. I do think it is not wise of him to do so.我确实认为他这么做是不明智的。2. I do think that he doesnt tell a lie.我真的相信他没有撒谎。八、当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly等否定词时。1. We all think that hes a fellow good for nothing.我们都认为他是个不中用的人。2. I believe John never tells a lie.我相信约翰从不说谎。九、