2015京虎模考-试题-英语-1.pdf

201s i IJ l ltlf A i J 1 f 4 R 204 2 1iJMillU j JN il i iE tEJ fj ki J I Jl 1iJMi F LB J j fri4S j i if 1ft j l lij fj j o 3 1ia d m B J1i i to I i ffiiRiEffl Df Ji9 JJ Wt A 1 B l E J1i I Jl g If Lo I Jj B 1ifM1 F tE J ffl2B o a ffl Y t foreign visitor numbers rose Ji ui 4 dompare lfwi th file same 6 in 2012 and spending as up12 Inluly 2013 fof ign visitors spent 30 more than in July 2012 7 a new re c9rd Hotels and a1 tractions 8 say they are benefiting from the unexpected 9 in the tourist trade According to data produced by STR GJobal a Consultancy hotel occupancy rates rose in 10 every M ng i l re i n in the ill i first halfof2013 r The government has beengt uictl f t1 the tourism boom to the Olympics jn an effort to j tify 8m of th e f8 9 billion spent staging them 12 1ihayt b sqtne truth iri1 his 13 from countries keen on the Olympics inc ed Jl e n1ost up by 24 from Latin America and 11 from China compared with growth of 1 from Europe and a fall of 4 in visitors from North America 14 YisitBritain a tourism organization Will this post Olympics surge in visitors attracted to Britain contribute much to its economic 15 The net impact 16 tourism on output depends not only on how much cash foreign visitors spend 17 on what Britons spend abroad 18 record amounts are being spent in Britain by foreign tourists Britons have upped their spending on foreign holidays by a l 9 amount And in spite of the influx of tourist cash this year the tourism this summer is still higher than during the Olympics 1 A gained B dropped C hit D hovered 2 A fastest B wildest C least D most critical 3 A industry B information C history D power a g iR c iJ 1 1 Dr t 14 Dr a lR 1 J m4fliffl i g IIJ Iff m B ffil iJII 5 i 400 6666 708 4 A sent B released C exported D surveyed 5 A provided B headed C led D hosted 6 A percentage B interval C period D occasion 7 A imposing B yielding C setting D producing 8 A nationwide B worldwide C globally D generally 9 A fall B boost C change D breakthrough 10 A absolutely B totally C universally D nearly II A contribute B insist C attribute D blame 12 A Here B There C That D Thus 13 A Visits B Necessity C Involvement D Exchange 14 A regarding B concerning C referencing D according to 15 A bankruptcy B recovery C revision D notion 16 A of B with q upon D on 17 A and B but so Cias well as D yet c 18 A Maybe B However C Although D Unless 19 A considerable B similar C comparable D same 20 A booming B reduction C trade D deficit Sect on II t J eadiiig Comprehension PattA Directions Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 40 points Text 1 It is increasingly likely that hundreds of millions of people will be displaced from their homelands in the near future as a result of global warming That is the serious warning of economist and climate change expert Lord Stern following the news last week that concentrations of carbon dioxide m our atmosphere had reached a level of 400 parts per million ppm 14 1Jr Et 400 6666 708 Massive movements of people are likely to occur over the rest of the century because global temperatures are likely to rise by up to SC due to the fact that carbon dioxide levels have risen unabated for 50 years said Stem who is head of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change When temperatures rise to that level we will have disrupted weather patterns and spreading deserts he said Hundreds of millions of people will be forced to leave their homelands because their crops and animals will have died The trouble will come when they try to migrate into new lands however That will bring them into armed conflict with people already living there Nor will it be an occasional occurrence It could become a permanent feature of life on Earth f 1t In fact scientists have Yrrurned fqi d cadi f t e danger of allowing industrial outputs bfcarboh ilioxide to fi un hecked Instead these outputs have accelerated In the 1960s carbon dioxide levels rose at a rate of 0 7ppm a year Today they rise at 2 1 ppm as more nations become industrialized and increase outputs from their factories and power plants The last time the Earth s atmosphere had 400ppm carbon dioxide the Arctic was Ice fn e lnd ea levels were 40 meters higher r j J J f A The prospect of Eart l returriing to th se climatic conditions is causing major alarm Asga S for industrial outputs B the reduction ofthe solar heat ice aps flect back into space is a blessing C rising temperatures have driven and quickened global warming D global warming is a mix of rising temperatures and unpredictable climate change 25 Which best describes the main idea of the text A Climate change and its copseguenc i B People should be responsible fo wbat th y do C Glob arwi9g drives people homeless D Wide pread gonflict will definitely occur Text2 As school gets rolling across the U S many parents will be asked to make a large financial contribution to their child s school In Hillsborough Calif for example parents receive a letter from the Hillsborough Schools Foundation in which the amount requested is 2 300 per child There have always been parent teacher associations that raise modest or even not so modest amounts of money But increasingly local school foundations are being created expressly for the purpose of raising private funds 14 vt It 1 400 6666 708 Hillsborough is one of the wealthiest towns in the United States Median family income is over 250 000 and residents enjoy one of the best school districts in the state It s not hard for Hillsborough families to donate to their own child s school And they do According to the foundation charitable gifts have financed class size reductions librarians art and music teachers and Smart technology in every classroom In 2012 private contributions to the foundation amounted to 3 45 million or 2 300 per pupil Wanting to support your own child s education is understandable but it also has unintended disastrous effects The school foundations are legally registered as public charities When donors give to their own child s school or district they are making a charitable contribution thaHhe federal government treats in the same way as a donation t t a food bafikl r disaster relief But 010 u charity like this is not relief fdt ihe pooi i y It is in fact the opposite zPrivate giving to public schools widens the gap between rich and poor It intensifies inequalities in financing It is philanthropy in the service of giving advantage on the already well off F By lowering the taxes of the donor and diminishing the reyejues that would otherwise have been oll cted 11d I rtly o c 0 f r all st e ts C is charity that yields benefits to th rl tf eople D widens the gap between government and school 29 The word perverse Sentence 2 Para 8 most probably means A satisfying B undesirable C stubborn D well fm mded 30 The author s attitude toward tkoseparents who donate to th ir child s c t A0 o school is A s ppq tiye B criti al C objective D indignant Text3 How certain are you that your memories are real That question drives the research of Elizabeth Loftus a professor of psychology and law at University of California Irvine After receiving her Ph D Loftus was awarded a grant from the Department of Transportation to study car accidents Loftus was interested in eyewitness accounts of such incidents which often play a major role in the insurance claims process After showing volunteers videos of crashes Loftus asked questions and learned that the phrasing of the question influenced the answer If Loftus asked how fast the cars were going when they hit each other volunteers estimated a jt 14 Dr ftl t5 400 6666 708 slower speed than when they were asked how fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other Slower by about 7 miles an hour Car hit No big deal Car smash Crisis Loftus was fascinated and she soon turned her attention to criminal trials Suspicious of the accuracy of eyewitness identifications Loftus conducted an experiment in which volunteers looked at photographs of six faces while listening to a story of a crime One face was identified as the criminal five as innocents Three days later Loftus showed the volunteers four photographs one of an innocent character from the crime story and three of new people Sixty percent of volunteers identified the innocent character as the criminal from the story They recognized a familiar face but ixed their associations r tr with it Armed witb tht se in trial after trial earning popularity0i11 the ctiwifi aldefense orld due to her ability to diminish a jury s faith in eyewitnes testimony Over the course of 35 years Loftus has testified hundreds of times in trials as high profile as those of Micha l Jackson and O J Simpson 1 ft y v 1 A S j then ran through three real memories and one fake one The volunteer someflmes claimed to remember the fake memory which involved getting lost in a shopping mall then getting rescued by an elderly stranger With just a bit of coaxing Loftus could insert this memory into people s minds The real world implications for this study are obvious Eyewitness testimony to any crime starts to seem rather dubious 31 The experiment on volunteers responses to hit and smash questions shows that A a small change in the wording of a question can affect the insurance claims B a small change in a question can make a significant impact on the answer C smashing into each other refers to a very serious car accident DJ volunteers have confirmation bias toward the video s information It 14 lf It iiS 400 6666 708 32 Loftus started to focus on criminal trials most probably because she A noticed that people interpret information in a selective way B realized that she could influence people s memories by his questions C was interested in others way of telling lies in the courtroom D was skeptical about the correctness of eyewitness testimony 33 Loftus has won reputation in the criminal defense sphere in that A testimony is equally effective in the courtroom and investigative interviews B people may become less independent of the testimony C she made a point that the validity of testimony can be questioned D testimony will not be a useful source of evidence in criminal cases 34 It can be inferred that Loftus believes moTservices explains some of the variation For exani ple the e hers saw big gaps in the use of emergency rooms The question now is what to do The problems for both Medicare and private insurers stem from America s fee for service system ill whicbia doctor is paid more for each service he provides This give do oF a eason to provide more care and charge as much o i ble Thanks to the Aftordal le Care Act CMS is already exploring ways to ff B 5 40 According to f be author l feasible ri thod to resolve the health spending problem is to A end the highly troubled America s fee for service system B reward doctors and hospitals for their better service and higher effi iency C pay additional fees directly to physicians to ensure availability D establish a patient centered health system that emphastles he periments Part B Directions You are going to read a list of headings and a text Choose the most suitable heading from the list A F for each numbered paragraph 41 45 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 10 points A understanding about lower B Remember to eat something natural C Low is used to define serving size D Free to be healthy E Interpretation of natural F Not completely free G specifications for limited ingredients EtJ 0 400 6666 708 One of the responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration FDA is to assure that foods are labeled properly It provides regulations on what where and how prominently information should be placed on packaging The idea is that consumers should not be misled by what they read on the groceries they buy However the labels should also be written in plain understandable language This means that sometimes regular English words must be defined more precisely for food labeling Here are five words that mean something more specific on the supermarket shelves 41 If it s free of fat or sugar or salt it doesn t itlll that not one trace of those things is to be found in it Th DA ts certain terms with It t y reference to a typical portio J ize fni I Gl reference amounts customarily consume T v w r1 Low is als defined th qrespe t jo y t portion sizes and varies with whether it r fer f9 calcirit J fat 0 0rsodY m For fat it s less than 3 grams For f r i1 yo t caloti s il s tes Jhan 40 unless it s a prepared meal in which case it s 120 per I 00 grams Saturated f t and cholesterol have specific low values as well 43 Sometimes manufacturers want to make a relational claim about a food not just that it s low in some substance but lower than it usually is which may mean it doesn t meet the standard for low at all Relational claims are evaluated with respect to a reference food A reference food should be the same type of food chocolate ice cream compared to other chocolate ice cream though the numbers against which the reduced or less claims are compared can be an average of the top three brands The reduced substance must be less than 25 percent of what it is in the reference food 44 tt 14 JJr i t 400 6666 708 Below good source is more fortified enriched added extra or plus A food with 10 percent of the recommended daily value can use one of these but it only applies for vitamins minerals protein fiber and potassium 45 After years asking for suggestions and considering comments on the question of what natural should mean no useful consensus could be reached and the FDA decided to abandon establishing an official definition Though it hasn t issued rules for the use of natural it endorses the general understanding that nothing artificial or synthetic has been added that would not normally be expected to be added Section III Translation Directions Trap slat the foll wing text into Chine