3医学英语之抵抗疲劳十大措施.doc

医学英语之对抗疲劳十大措施2009-5-31 19:6 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】【导读】Fatigue指“疲劳”，即组织、器官或身体一部分由于过度刺激或长期劳累而致使功能减退或完全丧失。如何有效的对抗疲劳？下面列出十大措施。 Fatigue is different than ordinary tiredness. Fatigue is disruptive and interferes with all aspects of daily living. About 10 million doctor visits each year are attributed to fatigue, and many of those are tied to arthritis-related conditions. 【点评】 disruptive：具有破坏性的； visit：在医学英语中表示“出诊，诊断”； arthritis：关节； condition：在公共英语中指“情况，状况”，但在医学英语中指“疾病，病症”。arthritis-related conditions即“与关节炎有关的疾病”。 . According to the Arthritis Foundation, 98% of rheumatoid arthritis patients and 50% of people with lupus or Sjogrens syndrome report fatigue. The percentage escalates with obesity and depression, and complications of secondary conditions such as fibromyalgia, lung conditions, and cardiovascular problems. 【点评】 rheumatoid：类风湿的。rheumatoid arthritis即类风湿性关节炎； lupus：狼疮，尤指红斑狼疮； Sjogrens syndrome：舍格伦综合症，也称干燥症。syndrome是医学专用词汇，即综合症； complication：并发症； fibromyalgia：纤维肌痛； cardiovascular：cardio-表示“心脏”，vascular表示“血管的”，合在一起构成合成词“心血管的”。 Patients often feel fatigue is inadequately addressed during doctor visits, likely because there is no quick fix. The impact of fatigue is significant. Many patients describe its effect on their lives as greater than that of pain. Fatigue is extreme weariness, overwhelming exhaustion, a feeling of being wiped-out, and having no energy even after a nights sleep. Fatigue affects a patients ability to think, and its unrelenting presence can cause emotions to change quickly. 【点评】 address：这里是“治疗，治愈，解决”的意思； fix：这里做“方法”讲； overwhelming：无法抵御的。 Here are 10 tips for fighting fatigue. Talk with your doctor and make sure all of these issues have been addressed. 1 - Treat Arthritis Pain and Other Symptoms Chronic pain alone can cause fatigue. Pain also can lead to depression and mood changes that can worsen fatigue. To control fatigue, its important to have pain well-managed. Talk to your doctor about drug and non-drug techniques for effective pain management. Higher-than-normal levels of cytokines chemical messengers involved in inflammation have been found in the blood of patients suffering from fatigue. Its important to control inflammation and monitor active inflammation. 【点评】 chronic：慢性的，其反义词是acute； cytokine：体细胞； inflammation：发炎。 2 - Be Aware of Medication Side Effects While it is necessary for most arthritis patients to take medications to treat pain and other symptoms, drowsiness is a common side effect of many of these drugs. Pain medications, some NSAIDs, DMARDs, and tricyclic antidepressants are among the medications that list drowsiness as a known side effect. If the medications are part of a daily regimen, drowsiness may add to already-present fatigue. 【点评】 tricyclic：三环；antidepressant，抗抑郁药； side effect：副作用； regimen：这里指“用药，服药”。 3 - Be Tested for Anemia It used to be called anemia of chronic disease, but more recently it is referred to as anemia of inflammation. With anemia, the size and number of red blood cells is affected. Consequently, there is too little iron to bind to oxygen in the red blood cell causing a decrease in energy production. Have your blood tested for anemia. If present, discuss solutions with your doctor. Also be tested for any underlying conditions that might relate to fatigue. 【点评】 Anemia：贫血症。 4 - Exercise Regularly Moderate and consistent sessions of aerobic exercise, 3 or 4 times a week for 30 to 45 minutes, will help increase your energy level. Overdoing exercise is counter-productive to your goal of increased energy and decreased fatigue. Keep it at a moderate level. Discuss a moderate exercise program with your doctor or physical therapist to ensure you are on the right track. 【点评】 aerobic exercise：有氧运动。 5 - Eat Breakfast Every Day Your mother likely harped on this when you were a small child. Guess what Mom was right. When you first wake up, your blood sugar is low. Eating a proper breakfast can serve as an energy booster. Skipping breakfast drains your energy, contributing to the fatigue problem. Its important to eat nutritiously at every meal, but focus on breakfast to start your day off right. 【点评】 harp on：喋喋不休地说，唠叨； booster：提供者。 6 - Learn How to Control Stress When a person is under excessive stress, breathing becomes more shallow, limiting oxygen thats available to the body. Start breathing deeply to consciously ward off the effects of stress. Take 5 or 10 deep breaths when you feel stressed and fatigued. Breathing exercises and meditation are techniques you can practice any time; practicing them will arm you with the tools you need to react to stress and fatigue. 【点评】 shallow：微弱； ward off：避开，避免。 7 - Drink a Sufficient Amount of Water Dehydration can cause a person to feel very tired or fatigued. Drinking 8 glasses of water each day should become part of your routine. It seems like such a simple thing, but hydration must be taken seriously. 【点评】 routine：日常工作，琐事； hydration：这里指“水分”。 8 - Develop Good Sleep Habits There are well-known sleep tips, and you should follow them go to bed at the same time each night, get up at the same time each day, establish a ritual so that your body will recognize its time to sleep （i.e., warm bath before bed, read before bed）. If you still have trouble falling or staying asleep, you may wish to discuss sleep medications with your doctor. 9 - Protect Your Joints Joint protection can reduce stress on arthritic joints and decrease pain. There are several joint protection principles which, if followed, will help to conserve energy. Use adaptive equipment to protect joints too. Good body mechanics can also help decrease f