状语从句 教师卷10.docVIP

状语从句（教师卷）定义：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词等的从句。功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句。分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。一时间状语从句在句中作时间状语的从句称为时间状语从句，常用when, while, before, after, since, until (till), as soon as等引导。时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。1. when表示“当时”，引导的从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前、之后，也可同时发生。It was snowing when we got to the airport.It began to rain when we were walking in the park.2. while表示“当时”，强调主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在从句谓语动词所表示的动作过程之中，或两个动作同时发生。 While we were dancing, a stranger came in. I was writing a letter while my brother was cooking.【注意】 when既指时间点，也指一段时间，而while只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 由when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时；如果主句和从句的动作同时发生，都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，也可以用when。while能用when代替，when不一定能用while代替。When the teacher came in, we were talking.当主从句位置交换时，则为：While / When we were talking, the teacher came in.In the party, they were singing while / when we were dancing.* when和while还可以做并列连词，when表示“在那时”，while表示“而，却”，表示对照关系。这时when和while不能互换。The children were running upstairs when they heard the sound of a car.孩子们正要跑上楼，这时他们听到了汽车的声音。He likes staying at home while his brother prefers to go out. 他喜欢待在家里而他的兄弟更喜欢出去。3. until / till指的是某一延续性行为持续到某一时间点。主句谓语为延续性动词时常用肯定句式，意为“做直到为止”；主句谓语为非延续性动词时需要用否定句式，意为“直到才”。 Ill wait until / till the concert is over. (wait是延续性动词，肯定句) Dont leave until / till I arrive. (leave是非延续性动词，否定句)【注意】用于句首时常用until。 Until you called me, I hadnt woken up.4. since表示“自某一时间点以来”，所引导的从句中的谓语动词多用短暂性动词和一般过去时。主句中的谓语动词常用完成时态，表示动作的延续和频率。主句中的谓语动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词，用非延续性动词时必须强调动作的频率或多次，多个。I have lived in Nanjing since I graduated from university. (live是延续性动词，graduate是非延续性动词)I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States. (return是非延续性动词，twice强调次数；settle是非延续性动词)5. before表示“在之前”，有时译为“之后才；没来得及就”。After“在之后”。The train had already left before I arrived.All the birds flew away before I started to fire.James learnt Chinese cooking after he came to China.(6) as soon as表示“一就”。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy.I wont go with you as soon as I finish my work.【注意】在when, until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，若表示将来发生的事情时，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时或过去将来时。When I get there, I will ring you up.Melissa told me that as soon as she arrived, she would ring me up.I will go home until I finish all the work.二地点状语从句在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用引导词有where, wherever等。地点状语从句相当于to / in / from the place(s) where 或to / in / from any place where 结构。We live where the road crosses the river. (= We live in the place where the road crosses the river.)我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。Make marks wherever you have questions. (= Make marks in any place where you have questions.)在任何有问题的地方作标记。【注意】在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【错】You should put the book at where it was.【对】You should put the book where it was.【错】We should go to where we are needed most.【对】We should go where we are needed most.三原因状语从句在句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句，引导词有because等。because表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why提问的问句。because不能与 so连用。I didnt go to your birthday party because I was too busy.【注意】because后接原因状语从句；复合介词because of后可接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等，是原因状语，不是原因状语从句。We didnt go to the seaside because the weather was not good. (原因状语从句)= We didnt go to the seaside because of the bad weather. (原因状语)四目的状语从句在句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句，常用的引导词有so that, in order that等。so that, in order that表示“为了，以便”，所引导的目的状语从句中的谓语需要用情态动词(may, might, will, would , can, could等)。so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后，而in order that常用于正式文体，可置于句首和句尾。The Giant Finn MacCool built the causeway so that his giantess girlfriend could walk to him across the sea without getting wet.In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.【注意】当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。They hurried so that they might not miss the train. They hurried so as not to miss the train.Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.五结果状语从句在句子中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句，一般置于主句之后，其引导词或短语常见的有so that, so that , such that 等。1. so that除了可以引导目的状语从句（通常含有情态动词），还可以引导结果状语从句。I didnt plan the work well so that I didnt finish it in time. 2. so . that 如此以致于，常用句型有四种，口语中that常省略。 so + 形容词 + that-从句The tortoises are so heavy that you need six or eight people to lift them. so + 副词 + that-从句 He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. so + 形容词 + a / an + 可数名词单数 + that-从句He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited. so + many / few / much / little + 相应形式的名词 + that-从句I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.【注意】little表示“小”的时候，前面用such。He is such a little boy that he cant lift the box.3.such . that 如此以致于，其引导的结果语从句有如下三种结构： such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that-从句Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much. such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + that-从句They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them. such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that-从句He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.【注意】such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 可以和so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 互换。He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. He told us so funny a story that we all laughed. The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.六条件状语从句1. 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。常用引导词有if, unless等。If he doesnt come at 8, we wont wait for him. He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.【注意】unless相当于if not，通常可以互换。He wont be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.=He wont be able to pass the final exams if he doesnt work hard.2. 条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。 真实条件句表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。当条件被满足后，按结果发生的可能性可分为零条件句和第一条件句。a. 零条件句用来描述客观事实，科学现象或一定会发生的事情。主句从句的谓语动词都用一般现在时。除了if，when也可以引导零条件句。If you put sugar in your tea, it becomes sweet. (客观事实)When things move, they sometimes collect static electricity. (科学现象)When I eat ice cream, I have a stomachache. (一定会发生的事情)b. 第一条件句用于描述将来可能发生的事。从句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时或过去将来时，但是不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will。If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.【错】If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.【对】If you leave now, you will never regret it. 非真实条件句也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。分为第二条件句和第三条件句。第二条件句用来描述将来不太可能发生的事情，或者和现在事实相反的事件。时间概念从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词第一条件句将来可能发生的事do / does (一般现在时)will (shall / can / may) + do第二条件句与现在或将来事实相反did / were (一般过去时)would (should / could / might) + doIf I won a million dollars, I would travel around the world.I would be surprised if I saw pigs in the sky.七让步状语从句在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句，由although, though, even if, even though, no matter + 疑问词 等引导。1. although, though虽然，尽管。although多用于句首，比though正式，多数情况下可与though换用。though可用于句首、句中或句末。Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pas the exam.I havent checked the information yet, though I think it is correct.My house, though it is large, is also made of stone and wood.【注意】although, though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用。Although / Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.Though he was hungry, still he would not eat.2. even if, even though这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，译为“即使，尽管”。We wont be discouraged even if / though we fail ten times.Even if / though you fail, you will have gained experience.3. wh-ever类词，如however, whatever, whenever, wherever等，在引导让步状语从句时，常可换成“no matter + 相应的wh-词”。 Whenever Im unhappy (= No matter when Im unhappy), it is my friend who cheers me up. Ill wait for you, however late it is (= no matter how late it is).八比较状语从句在句子中作比较状语的从句称为比较状语从句，常用as和than引导。1. as . as , the same as用于同等程度级的比较，否定句用not so/as as, not the same as。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.The result was not as / so good as I had expected.She works in the same building as my sister.2. than表示不同程度级的比较。It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.He is two inches taller than his father.= He is taller than his father by two inches.【倍数的表达法】 倍数 + 名词（+ of + 比较对象）。常用名词：age, size, width, length, depth等。Our new school is four times the size of the old one. 倍数 + as as + 比较对象Our new school is four times as big as the old one. 倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + 比较对象Our new school is four times bigger than the old one.九方式状语从句在句子中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句，常由as, as if, as though等词引导。1. as 表示“正如，像”，其引导的从句通常位于主句后。Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?2. as if, as though意为“仿佛似的，好像似的”。当从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。表示现在的情况用一般过去时，表示过去的情况用过去完成时。I remember the whole thing as if / as though it happened yesterday.The injured man acted as if / as though nothing had happened to him.一、用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句1. He talks as if he knew all about it. 方式2. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him. 结果3. I shall go to the park unless it rains. 条件4. Where there is water, there is life. 地点5. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates. 目的6. Even if I fail, Ill never lose heart. 让步7. I will find her wherever she may be. 让步8. He was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep. 结果9. We must do everything as he tells us. 方式10. He was more successful than we had expected. 比较11. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome. 让步二、选择适当的连词填空when because whenever so that though whereveras even if than that as soon as since1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China when he was fifty.2. He began to work as soon as he got there.3. I like the English people, though I dont like their food.4. Wherever you go in China, you can see smiling faces.5. They will help you whenever you meet with difficulty.6. Since we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.7. I didnt join them yesterday evening because I had to go to an important meeting.8. We would try to get a car so that we could all travel together more easily.9. Were doing everything we can to make things as easy for you as they can be.10. The meeting became so disorderly that the speaker had to shout the audience down.11. He was angrier than ever before.12. Even if you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.三、选择填空1. Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. beforeB. becauseC. as soon asD. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. ifB. unlessC. forD. since3. We will work _ we are needed.A. wheneverB. becauseC. sinceD. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so thatB. ifC. whenD. although5. _ you go, dont forget your people.A. WheneverB. HoweverC. WhereverD. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. sinceB. forC. whenD. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. becauseB. howeverC. whenD. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. WhenB. BecauseC. ThoughD. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. AsB. AlthoughC. EvenD. But10. It was _ that she couldnt finish it by herself.A. so difficult a workB. such a difficult workC. so difficult workD. such difficult work11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. thoughB. althoughC. as ifD. when13. _ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.A. No matterB. No wonderC. ThoughD. However14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. very; thatD. so; as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. sinceB. untilC. becauseD. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else has left.A. even ifB. as thoughC. becauseD. if17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. sinceB. so thatC. forD. because19. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unlessB. asC. ifD. until20. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at whichB. at whereC. the placeD. where21. If you had enough money, what _? A. will you buyB. would you buyC. will you have boughtD. would you have bought22. _, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is late C. However is he lateD. However late he is23. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. wont know24. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school. A. isnt ill; wont beB. were not ill; wouldnt be C. is ill; wontD. was ill; wouldnt be25. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when26. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever27. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; thatB. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train.A. thatB. thoughC. unlessD. if29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in thatB. in order thatC