基础语法-倒装.doc

倒裝一倒装的意义1适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指表达疑问句结构的需要。【例】How can I get to the railway station?2为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放在句首，构成倒装。【例】Only in this way can we learn English well.So early did he come to school that no other children came.3为了保持句子平衡。【例】Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.“Me,too,” said the boy anxiously二倒装的种类与用法：1.完全倒装 2.部分倒装 【例】In came the headmaster, followed by a group of teachers.（完全倒装）There goes the bell.（完全倒装）Never shall I do that again.（部分倒装）Would you like to say something?（部分倒装）一）完全倒装 谓语动词全部放到主语前面（主要用于一般现在时和一般过去时，其他时态不能使用）。1用于there be结构，“There be+主语+地点”。 【例】：There are many students in the classroom. There is a bag, two books and several candles on the desk.注意：其中动词 be也可以是其他词，如 lie, stand等。There in Greece lived a famous thinker, named Aristotle.2表示方位、方向、频率的“here，there，out，in，up，down，away, off, now，then, often, always 等副词作状语在句首，且名词作主语时，引起完全倒装以表示强调。构成“副词 +不及物动词+主语”的结构，例如：Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn. Out went the children. 注意：当主语代词作时，主谓语序不变。例如：Here it is. / Here we are Here he comes. / There he goes.3当表示地点的介词词组为句首状语时，也常常引起全部倒装。【例】：South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. West of the lake lies the famous city.还如：in front of / on top of / outside the room/ inside the house 等词组4“主+系+表”结构中表语置于句首时，构成“表语+连系动词+主语” 的倒装结构1）形容词+连系动词+主语Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 2）过去分词+连系动词+主语Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. (的日子过去了)3）介词短语+be+主语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 5用于so，nor，neither开头的句子表示重复前句部分内容，该句的谓语与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。两句话应是不同主语。【例】： He has been to Beijing. So have I. Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither can I. 注意：1）上述情况适用于两个不同主语的情况。如果两句话是同一个主语，后句是对前一句的肯定和强调，不能倒装，而应用正常语序。【例】：- You have forgotten to mail the letter for me.- So I have.2）如两句谈的是不同的事情，谓语不同，则应用So it is with sb 的结构。They can play basketball but they cant sing well. So it is with us.6用于主句主语是名词的直接引语中；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。【例】： “Lets go,”said the man. “Please close the door,” said the teacher.7为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。【例】：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.Inside the classroom are the students and the teacher。二）部分倒装 助动词或是情态动词放在主语前面，行为动词放在主语后面。1用于疑问句Do you speak English? What are you listening to?注意：疑问代词作主语或疑问代词引导名词从句时，句子或从句为正常语序。【例】：Who is the in the room?Which team won the match?What they will do hasnt been decided.2有否定意义的副词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：barely, hardly, little, never, rarely, seldom, scarcely; at no time, in no time, in no way, not for a moment, not a single day, not only, not once, under no condition,等。【例】：Little did I think he is a spy. Never shall I do this again. Not once had they gone there. In no time will they do the job.Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain.No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang.3 only放在句首，强调状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句等），语序要部分倒装。（only后面跟副词、介词短语或状语从句）。【例】：Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. Only in this way can you master English.Only in this way can we get in touch with them.Only because he was ill was he absent from school.注意：only放在句首强调主语时，语序不必倒装。【例：Only Mr. Wang knows abut it. Only he can do it well.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 4用于not until (直到才)+状语的结构中和hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan(一就)的句型中。【例】：Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. Not until yesterday did he know the results of the exams.No sooner had the work been done than they went back home.Hardly had we finished the project when they arrived to offer help.5在虚拟语气中，虚拟条件状语从句中如有were, had, should, 和were to等助词，则可以省略if，从句构成倒装。【例】：Should he be here next week, he would help us with the problem.Were there no light, we could see nothing.Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.6用于Not only , but also结构中。Not only + 助词+主语， but also +正常语序。【例】： Not only do I know him, but also I am his close friend.7在 “sothat” 结果状语从句中，如果强调so放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。【例】：So excited was she at the news that she couldnt say a word.So well did they do it that they were given high praise for it.8用于某些表示祝愿的句子。【例】：May you succeed! Long live France! May God bless us!三）主题前置强调用于as（though）引导的让步状语从句中。“形容词（或名词、动词、副词）+as（though）引导的让步状语从句”。【例】：Pretty as she is, she is not clever. Try as he could, he might fall again. Much as I respect him, I can not agree with his idea.Praised as he was, he remained calm.注意：如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。Child as he was, he had to make a living. =Though he was a child, he had to make a living.【专项训练】1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun.AThe weather so fine wasBSo fine was the weatherCSo the weather was fineDSo was fine weather2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.Ais BareCwasDwere3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.ABefore George stood the policemanBBefore George the policeman stoodCBefore the policeman stood GeorgeDBefore George did the policeman4、Then we had been looking forward to .Acame the hour Bthe hour cameCcomes the hourDthe hour is coming5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.Ashe realizedBdid she realizeCshe had realized Dhad she realized6、 succeed in doing anything.AOnly by working hard we canBBy only working hard we can COnly by working hard can weDOnly we can by working hard 7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.Ahe has doubtedBhe doubtsCdid he doubtDhe did doubt8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.Aa tourist can findBcan a tourist findCa tourist will findDa tourist has found9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.Athey had got to the bus-stopBthey got to the bus-stopCdid they get to the bus-stopDhad they got to the bus -stop10、Mary doesnt speak French, and does Joan.AnotBneitherCeitherDso11、Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? I dont know, .Anor dont I careBnor do I careCI dont care neitherDI dont care also12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.Aman did knowBman knewCdidnt man knowDdid man know13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.Adid we hearBwe heardChad we heardDwe have heard14、John won the first prize in the contest. .ASo he did. BSo did he. CSo he did, too.DSo did he, too.15、 ,he doesnt study well.AAs he is clever BHe is as cleverCClever as he is DAs clever he is 16、You can never use my tape recorder. time should you touch that machine.AAt noBAt any CAny DNo17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.AI had enteredwhenBHad I enteredthenChad I enteredwhenDhave I enteredwhen18、Only save his life.Acan the doctorBthe doctor canCwill the doctorDcould the doctor19、Hardly anybody