骨科英文词汇.doc

骨科常用词汇 骨科和创伤外伤疾病diseases of orthopedics and trauma complete (incomplete, closed, open, habitual, pathologic) dislocation完全性 （不完全性，闭合，开放，习惯性，病理性）脱位 dislocation of elbow (hip) joint 肘（髋）关节脱位 dislocation of shoulder肩关节脱位 closed (open, compression, epiphysial, stress, impacted, multiple, pathological)fracture闭合性（开放性，压缩性，骨骺，疲劳，嵌入性， 多发性，病理性）骨折 fracture of humeral shaft (head)肱骨干（头）骨折 fracture of scapula肩胛骨骨折 clavicular fracture 锁骨骨折 Smith fracture 史密斯骨折 fracture of the femoral neck (shaft) 股骨颈（干）骨折 fracture of patella 髌骨骨折 fracture of sacrum (coccyx,pubis)骶骨（尾骨，耻骨）骨折 acute (chronic, pyogenic) osteomyelitis急（慢，化脓）性骨髓炎 bone tuberculosis 骨结核 rheumatoid (traumatic) arthritis 类风湿（外伤性）性关节炎 gout痛风 osteomalacia骨质软化病 rickets佝偻病 genu varum (valgum)膝内（外）翻 wry neck (torticollis)斜颈 spina bifida manifesta(occulta)显（隐）性脊柱裂 syndactylia (polydactylia) 并（多）指（趾） flat foot 平足 scoliosis脊柱侧凸 aseptic necrosis无菌性坏死 scapulohumeral periarthritis肩周炎 rupture of tendon肌腱断裂 neurological (skin, soft tissue, vascular) injury神经（皮肤，软组织，血管） 损伤 ischemic contracture缺血性肌挛缩 tennis players elbow网球运动员肘 synovitis (bursitis)滑膜（滑囊）炎 ligamentous sprain (strain, avulsion tear)韧带扭伤（劳损，撕脱伤，撕裂 伤） seperation of the symphysis pubis 耻骨联合分离屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion) 旋转（旋前，旋后）rotation (pronation, supination) 伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending) 膝内（外）翻genua varum (valgum) 髋内（外）翻coxa vara (valga) 足内（外）翻pes varus (valgus) X（O）形腿deformed X(O)-shaped leg 驼背humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis) 多（并）指polydactylia (syndactyly) 关节僵硬ankylosis (stiff-joint) 骨性强直bony ankylosis 爪（扇）形手claw (sector) hand 肢端肥大acromegaly 杵状指clubbing (clubbed finger) 跛行limping 平足flat foot (pes planus) 静脉曲张varicose vein 静脉（蜂窝织）炎phlebitis (cellulitis) 活动受限limitation of motion 干（湿）性坏疽dry (moist) gangrene 垂腕wrist drop 梭形关节fusiform articulus 浮髌现象floating patella phenomenon 橡皮肿elephantedema 肌萎缩muscle atrophy 瘘管形成sinus tract formation 蹼指（趾）palmature and webbed toe 关节挛缩contracture of joint 凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿pitting (non-pitting) edema 关节变形（融合）joint deformity (fusion) 关节全（半）脱位complete dislocation (subluxation of joint) 关节肿大（肿胀）arthrocele (arthroncus) 关节活动障碍articular dyskinesia 解剖术语 1、总论Introduction superior上 inferior下 Cranial头侧 Caudal尾侧 anterior前 posterior后 ventral腹侧 dorsal背侧 medial内侧 lateral外侧 internal内 external外 superficial浅 profundal深 proximal近侧 distal远侧 ulnar尺侧 radial桡侧 tibial胫侧 fibular腓侧 2、运动系统locomotor (kinetic) system vertebrae椎骨 cervical vevtebrae颈椎 thoracic vertebrae胸椎 lumbar vertebrae腰椎 sacrum骶骨 sternum胸骨 rib肋骨 thoracic cage胸廓 skull颅 frontal bone额骨 parietal bone顶骨 occipital bone枕骨 temporal bone颞骨 sphenoid bone蝶骨 ethmoid bone筛骨 mandible (submaxilla)下颌骨 maxilla (supermaxilla)上颌骨 nasal bone鼻骨 coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture 冠状（矢状，人字）缝 orbit眶 clavicle锁骨 scapula (shoulder blade)肩胛骨 sternum (breast bone)胸骨 manubrium sterni (presternum)胸骨柄 midsternum胸骨体 xiphoid剑突 humerus肱骨 radius桡骨 ulna尺骨 carpal bone腕骨 metacarpal bone 掌骨 phalanges指(趾)骨 hip bone髋骨 ilium髂骨 ischium 坐骨 pubis耻骨 femur 股骨 patella髌骨 tibia胫骨 fibula 腓骨 articulation关节 ligament韧带 flexion屈 extension伸 adduction收 abduction展 medial rotation旋内 lateral rotation旋外 pronation旋前 supination旋后 circumductoin环转 vertebral column脊柱 intervertebral disc椎间盘 temporal-mandibular joint颞下颌关节 shoulder joint肩关节 elbow joint肘关节 radiocarpal joint肩关节 radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 pelvis骨盆 hip joint髋关节 knee joint膝关节 ankle joint踝关节 muscle 肌肉 tendon肌腱 fascia筋膜 tendinous sheath腱鞘 trapezius斜方肌 latissimus dorsi背阔肌 sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的 scalenus 斜角肌 pectoralis major胸大肌 intercostales肋间肌 diaphragm膈肌 inguinal canal腹股沟管 masseter咬肌 temporalis颞肌 deltoid三角肌 biceps brachii肱二头肌 triceps brachii肱三头肌 axillary fossa 腑窝 gluteus maximus臀大肌 piriformis梨状肌 sartorius缝匠肌 quadriceps femoris股四头肌 triceps surae小腿三头肌 femoral triangle股三角 3、神经系统Nervous system central nervous system中枢神经系统 peripheral nervous system周围神经系统 visceral nerve内脏神经 afferent nerve传入神经 efferent nerve传出神经 neuron神经元 axon 轴突 dendrite树突 glia 神经胶质 gray matter 灰质 white matter白质 cortex皮质 madulla髓质 nucleus神经质 ganglion神经节 fasciculus神经束 nerve神经 spinal nerve脊神经 cervical plexus颈丛 brachial plexus臂丛 lumbar plexus腰丛 sacral plexus 骶丛 phrenic nerve膈神经 median nerve正中神经 ulnar nerve尺神经 radial nerve桡神经 femoral nerve股神经 ischiatic nerve坐骨神经 common peroneal nerve腓总神经 cranial nerve颅(脑)神经 olfactory nerve嗅神经 optic nerve视神经 oculomotor nerve动眼神经 trochlear nerve滑车神经 trigeminal verve三叉神经 abducent nerve展神经 facial nerve面神经 vestibulocochlear nerve前庭蜗神经 glossopharyngeal nerve舌咽神经 vagus nerve迷走神经 accessary nerve副神经 hypoglossal nerve舌下神经 autonomic nervous system自主神经 vegetative nervous system植物神经 sympathetic nerve交感神经 parasympathetic nerve副交感神经 spinal cord脊髓 encephalon (brain)脑 brain stem脑干 medulla oblongata延髓 pons 脑桥 mesencephalon中脑 midbrain中脑 cerebellum小脑 diencephalon间脑 thalamus丘脑 hypothalamus下丘脑 hypophysis垂体 telencephalon端脑 cerebrum大脑 cerebral cortex大脑皮质 corpus striatum纹状体 internal capsule内囊 spinothalamic tract皮质脊髓束 medial lemniscus内侧丘系 lateral lemniscus外侧丘系 spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系 trigeminal lemniscus三叉丘系骨科临床英语词汇(1)(2007-07-12 15:34:29)转载标签： 骨科临床英语词汇 Aao凹陷骨折 depressed fractureBban扳机指 trigger finger半脱位 semiluxation ，subluxation半侧肢体骨骺发育不良 dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica半骶化 hemisacralization半月板囊撕裂 meniscocapsular tear半月板囊肿 meniscus cyst, cyst of menisci半月板破裂 meniscorhexis半月板软骨撕裂Knee: Torn Meniscus Cartilage半月板撕裂 tears of meniscibang棒球指骨折 baseball finger fracture棒球肘 baseball elbowbao爆裂骨折 bursting fracturebei贝克囊肿（腘窝滑液囊肿） Bakers cyst背痛 backacheben本奈特骨折（第一掌骨基底骨折伴半脱位） Bennetts fracturebi闭合骨折 closed fracture闭合损伤 closed injury闭合性创伤 closed wound闭合性软组织损伤 closed soft tissue injury闭经后骨质疏松 postmenopausal osteoporosis臂丛神经麻痹 brachial plexus paralysis臂丛神经牵拉损伤 brachial plexus traction injury臂丛神经损伤 brachial plexus injury臂痛 brachialgiabian边缘骨刺 marginal osteophyte边缘骨折 marginal fracture边缘外生骨疣 marginal exostosis扁平髋 coxa plana扁平手 manus plana扁平椎 vertebra plane扁平足 Flat Foot变形性骨炎（骨Paget病）osteitis deformans变形性关节病 arthronosos deformans变形性脊椎病 spondylosis deformansbiao瘭疽felon,panaris,panaritium,whitlow表面高恶性骨肉瘤 high-grade surface osteosarcoma表皮样囊肿，粉瘤 epidermoid cyst,wenbin髌骨骨折patellar fracture髌骨缺如 absent patella髌骨软化症，膝盖软骨软化症 chondromalacia patellae髌后脂肪垫挛缩 retropatellar fat pad contracture髌前感染性滑囊炎 infected prepatellar bursitis髌前滑囊炎 prepatellar bursitis髌下深滑囊炎 infrapatellar bursitis髌周肌腱炎 perpatellar tendonitisbing病理性半脱位 pathological subluxation病理性骨折 pathological fracture并指（趾）畸形 syndactylization并指（趾）形成 syndactylybo剥脱骨折 flake fracture剥脱性骨软骨炎 osteochondritis dissecans,OCD搏动性疼痛 pulsating pain跛行 claudication,limp 马尾性跛行 cauda equina claudicatiom 间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication ubu不动关节，关节融合 synarthrosis（骨）不连接 nonunion不全骨折 infraction fracture不全脊柱裂 partialis rachischisis不全麻痹 incomplete paralysis,paresis 迟缓性麻痹 flaccid paresis不全强直 partial ankylosis不全瘫痪 incomplete paralysis不完全性骨折 incomplete fracture不稳步态 unsteady gait不稳定骨折 unstable fracture不稳定脊柱损伤 unstable spine injury布朗病 Blount disease,tibia vara布罗迪脓肿 Brodies abscessCcan残留半脱位 residual subluxation残余足跟马蹄畸形 residual heel equinus残肢 residual limbchan产伤 birth injury产伤性骨折 birth fracture产伤性麻醉 birth paralysischang长骨骨折 long bone fracture长管状骨釉质细胞瘤 admantinoma of long bone肠系膜上动脉综合征 superior mesenteric artery syndrome肠源性关节炎 enteropathic arthritischen陈旧性骨折 old fracture晨僵 morning stiffnesscheng成骨不全 osteogenesis imperfecta成骨性肉瘤 osteogenic sarcoma成骨性纤维瘤 osteogenic fibroma成骨性转移瘤 osteoblastic metastasis成骨肿瘤 bone-forming tumor成横纹肌细胞瘤 rhabdomyoblastoma成肌细胞瘤 myoblastoma成脊索细胞瘤 chordoblastoma成角骨折 angulated fracture成人获得性扁平足 adult-acquired flatfoot成人脊柱侧凸 adult scolosischi弛缓性不全麻痹 flaccid paresis弛缓性麻痹 flaccid palsy,flaccid paralysis迟发性佝偻病 late rickets,rachitis tarda迟发性截瘫 late onset paraplegia迟发性麻痹 delayed palsy,tardy palsy匙状手 spoon hand齿状突骨折 dens fracture,fracture of dens,fracture of odontoid peg耻骨骨炎 osteitis pubis耻骨联合分离 symphyseolysischu杵臼关节 enarthrodial joint,enarthrosis杵状指 clubbed fingerchuang创伤 trauma 高能量创伤 high-energy trauma 低能量创伤 low energy trauma创伤后骨关节炎 post traumatic osteoarthritis创伤后骨萎缩 post traumatic atrophy of bone创伤后关节炎 post traumatic arthritis创伤性滑囊炎 traumatic bursitis创伤性神经症 traumatic neurosis创伤性癔症 hysterotraumatism创伤性枢椎滑脱traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis创伤性寰-枢椎不稳Traumatic atlantoaxial unstableness疮，溃疡 sore 褥疮 bed sore,pressure sorechui垂足步态 footdrop gait槌状指 mallet finger槌状趾 mallet toe锤状趾 hammer toeci次发性骨骺骨软骨病 vertebral osteochondrosis Dda大粗隆滑囊炎 trochanteric bursitis大块骨溶解症 massive osteolysis大理石骨病 marble bone diseasedai呆小病，克汀病 cretinism代谢性骨病 metabolic bone disease带锁髓内针 interlocking medullary nailingdan单侧髁骨折 hemicondylar fracture单侧髁囊肿 solitary bone cyst,SBC单发性骨软骨瘤 solitary osteochondroma单发性骨髓瘤 solitary myeloma单发性肌炎 monomyositis单骨性骨纤维异样增殖症 monostotic fibrous dysplasiadi骶骨发育不全 sacral agenesis骶骨翼螺钉 alar screw骶管裂 sacral hiatus骶髂关节炎 sacroiliitis骶髂劳损 sacroiliac sprain骶尾部畸胎瘤 sacrococcygeal teratoma第五腰椎骶化 sacralization of fifth lumber vertebra第一腰椎骶化 lumbarization of the first sacral vertebra第一肋综合征 first pha lanxdong动静脉瘤 arteriovenous aneurysm动静脉瘘 arteriovenous fistula,AVF动力性加压接骨板 dynamic compression plate动力性髁部螺钉 dynamic condylar screw动脉瘤样骨囊肿 aneurismal bone cyst,ABC冻结肩，五十肩 frozen shoulderduo多段骨折 multisegmental facture多发骨折 multiple fracture多发性骨端异样增殖症 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia,MED多发性骨骺发育异常 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia多发性骨肉瘤 multicentric osteosarcoma多发性骨髓瘤 multiple myeloma,MM多发硬化症 multiple sclerosis,MS多器官功能衰竭 multiple organ failure,MOF Ee鹅颈样畸形 swan-neck deformity鹅足滑囊炎 anserine bursitis恶性骨巨细胞瘤 malignant giant cell tumor of bone恶性软骨母细胞瘤 malignant chondroblastomaer儿童股骨头骨骺特发性骨坏死 Legg-Calve-Perthes diseases,LCP Ffan反复性脱位，习惯性脱位 recurrence dislocation反跳现象 rebound phenomenon泛发性纤维瘤病 generalized fibromatosisfang放射痛 radiating pain放射性骨坏死 osteoradionecrosis放射性核素扫描 radionuclide scanning放射性同位素扫描 radioisotope scanningfei非特异性关节炎 adjuvant arthritis肥大性肺性骨关节病 Marie-Bamberger disease肥大性关节炎 hypertrophic arthritis肥大性滑膜炎 hypertrophic synovitis腓肠肌性马蹄足 gastrocnemius equines腓骨肌痉挛性扁平足 peroneal spastic flatfoot腓神经卡压综合征 fibular common nerve entrapment syndrome废用性萎缩 disuse atrophyfeng 风湿性多发性肌肉痛 polymyalgia rheumatica风疹性关节炎 rubella arthritis蜂窝组织炎cellulites,phlegmon fu浮髌试验 ballottement of patella跗关节痛风性关节炎 gouty arthritis of tarsal joints跗舟骨骨折 fracture of tarsus & scaphoid跗中关节脱位 dislocation of midtarsal joint氟骨症 fluorsis Ggan感染性关节炎infectious arthritis感染性滑囊炎 infective bursitis感染性腱鞘炎 infective tenosynovitis 干燥综合征 sicca syndrome干骺端骨折 fracture of metaphysis干骺端结核 metaphyseal tuberculosis干骺端脓肿 metaphyseal abscess干骺续连症 metaphyseal aclasisgao高尔夫球肘 Golfers Elbow高弓内翻足 cavovarus高弓外翻足 cavovalgus高弓仰趾外翻 cavocalcaneovalgusgen跟骨粗隆炎 calcaneal apophysitis跟骨骨骺炎 Haglund病跟骨刺heel spurs跟骨骨折 fracture of calcaneus跟骨后滑囊炎 retrocalcaneal bursitis跟腱炎achilles tendonitis跟腱破裂 ruptured achilles tendon跟痛症 painful conditions of the heel跟骨高压症 high pressure of calcaneusgong肱骨髁上骨折 supracondylar fracture of humerus肱骨内外上髁炎 internal and external humeral epicondylitisgou佝偻病性驼背 ricketic kyphosisgu孤立性骨囊肿 simple bone cyst,unicameral bone cyst股骨髁上骨折 supracondylar fracture of femur股骨髁部骨折 condylar fracture of femoral股骨头无菌性坏死 aseptic necrosis of femoral head,ANF骨包虫病 osteohydatidosis骨关节炎 osteoarthritis骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation骨化性肌炎 myositis ossificans骨间前神经综合征 anterior interroseous nerve syndrome ,AINS骨筋膜间隙综合征 osteofascial compartment syndrome 骨巨细胞瘤 giant cell tumor of bone骨软化症 osteomalacia骨肿瘤bone tumors骨转移瘤 metastatic tumors involving bone钴铬钼锻造合金 wrought cobalt chromium tungsten nickel alloyguan关节粘连脊椎炎ankylosing spondylitis关节软骨钙化症 chondrocalcinosis articularis关节鼠，关节游离体 joint mouse关节松弛症 arthrodesis,arthrochalasis关节退行行变 joint degenerationguo腘窝囊肿 popliteal cyst (Bakers cyst)过度外展综合征 hyperabduction syndrome Hha哈佛管 haversian canal哈氏杆 Harrington杆hou后纵韧带骨化 ossification of posterior longtitudinal ligament,OPLL厚皮性骨膜病 pachydermoperiostosishua滑膜囊肿 bursal cyst滑膜炎 synovitis 绒毛结节性滑膜炎 villonodular synovitis 色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎 pigmented villondular synovitis,PVS滑囊炎 bursal inflammation化脓性关节炎 pyogenic arthritis化脓性滑膜炎 septic bursitis化脓性脊椎炎 pyogenic spondylitishuai踝剥脱性骨软骨炎 talar osteochondritis dissecans踝部螺钉 malleolar screws踝部扭伤ankle: sprain踝部骨折ankle fracture踝管综合征 tarsal tunnel syndrome踝内侧副韧带损伤 injury of medial collateral ligament踝外侧副韧带损伤 injury of lateral collateral ligamenthuan寰枢椎半脱位atlantoaxial subluxation寰枕关节脱位atlantooccipital dislocation寰椎前后弓骨折Jefferson骨折huang黄韧带骨化 ossification of yellow ligament , OYL黄色瘤病 xanthomatosis Jji肌腱骨止点炎症 enthesitis肌腱炎 myotenositis,tendonitis,tendinitis 钙化性肌腱炎 calcific tendinitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎 stenosing tendinitis肌肉萎缩症muscular dystrophy畸形性骨炎 osteitis deformans (Paget病)急性创伤性关节血肿 acute traumatic hemarthrosis急性骨髓炎 acute osteomyelitis急性挥鞭式损伤 acute whiplash injury急性缺血性挛缩 acute ischemic contracture急性血源性骨髓炎 acute hematogenous osteomyelitis脊髓半侧横断综合征 Brown-Sequard syndrome脊髓灰质炎 poliomyelitis脊髓脊膜膨出 myelomeningocele脊髓空洞症 syringomyelia脊髓软化症 myelomalacia脊髓神经根病 myeloradiculopathy脊髓栓系综合征 tethered cord syndrome脊髓型颈椎病 cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM脊髓圆锥综合征conus medularis syndrome脊柱侧凸Scoliosis脊柱侧弯Scoliosis脊柱弓状后凸 round kyphosis脊柱后凸 kyphosis脊柱后弯Kyphosis脊柱角状后凸 angular kyphosis脊柱狭窄Spinal Stenosis脊椎滑脱 spondylolisthesis脊椎压缩骨折 Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae脊椎化脓性骨髓炎 pyogenic osteomyelitis of the vertebra脊椎枢椎椎弓骨折hangman 骨折脊椎闭和不全 dysraphism记忆合金 memory alloyjia加压钢板 compression plate加压拉力螺钉 compression lag screw甲骨综合征,关节与甲发育不良 onycho-osteodysplasia假恶性骨化性肌炎 pseudomalignant myositis ossificans假关节 false joint,pseudoarthrosisjian肩部凝肩frozen shoulder肩峰下滑囊炎 subacromial bursitis肩关节前脱位 anterior shoulder dislocation肩关节周围炎 periarthritis scapulohumeralis肩手综合征 hand-shoulder syndrome,shoulder-hand syndrome肩锁关节脱位 acromioclavicular dislocation肩袖完全撕裂 complete tear of tendinous cuff肩撞击综合征 impingement syndrome腱鞘囊肿 ganglion腱周围炎,腱鞘炎 peritendinitis间歇性跛行 intermittent claudicationjiao交感神经型颈椎病 sympathetic type of cervical spondylosis交连螺钉 cross-locking screwjie接骨板 blade plate结核 tuberculosis结核性滑囊炎 tuberculous bursitis结核性脊椎炎 tuberculous spondylitis结节病 sarcoidosis解剖颈骨折 fracture of anatomic neckjing颈肩综合征 cervicobrachial syndrome颈肋综合征 cervical rib syndrome颈颅综合征 cervicocranial syndrome颈围领 neck band颈椎病 cervical spondylosis颈椎病性肌萎缩 cervical spondylotic amyotrophy颈椎滑脱 cervical spondylolisthesis,cervical spondylolysis颈椎间盘突出 cervical prolapsed vertebral disc胫骨半肢症 tibial hemimelia胫骨结节骨软骨炎 Osgood-Schlatter病胫骨平台骨折 tibial plateau fracture胫前间室综合征 anterior tibial compartment syndrome痉挛性斜颈 spasmodic torticollisju距骨撕脱骨折 talar avulsion fracture距骨周围脱位 peritalar dislocation Kke髁部骨折 condylar fracture髁间T形骨折 intercondylar T fracture髁间Y形骨折 intercondylar Y fracture髁接骨板 condylar plate髁上髓内钉 supracondylar derotational osteotomy可吸收螺钉 bioabsorbable screwkong空心螺钉 canulated screwkuan髋部骨折hip fracture髋关节 hip,hip joint弹响髋 snapping hip先天性髋关节脱位 congenital dislocation of the hip,CDH髋关节炎hip: arthritis of the hip髋关节和膝关节置换手术hip and knee replacementlao老年性骨质疏松症 senile osteoporosis老年性强直性脊柱骨增殖症 senile ankylosing hyperostosis (Forestier病) 老年性驼背 senile kyphosislei肋骨骨折 fracture of rib肋软骨炎 costal chondritis,costochondritis肋锁间神经卡亚征 costoclavicular syndrome肋锁综合征 costoclavicular syndrome泪珠状骨折 teardrop fracture类风湿性关节炎 rheumatoid arthritis,RAli梨状肌综合征 piriformis syndromelian连痂关节 flail joint连痂指 flail digit连痂足 flail footlie裂手 cleft hand,split hand裂足 cleft foot,split footlin淋病性足跟痛 gonorrheal heel淋球菌性关节炎 gonococcal septic arthritisliu流行性肌炎 epidemic myositis六指畸形 hexadactylylou漏斗胸 chonechondrosternon,funnel breast,koilosternialu颅底骨折 basal skull fracture颅底陷入症 basilar impression,basilar invagination颅骨软化 craniotabesMma马蹄内翻足 cavoequinovarus,talipes equinovarus马蹄外翻足 equinovalgus talipes equinovalgus马尾综合征 cauda equina syndromemei梅毒性干骺端炎 syphilitic metaphysitis梅毒性骨炎 osteitis syphilitica梅毒性关节炎 syphilitic arthritis梅毒性滑囊炎 luetic bursitismeng孟氏骨折 Monteggias fracturemi弥漫性特发性骨肥大症 diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis,DISHmo摩擦性尺神经炎 friction neutitis of ulnar nerve摩擦性腱鞘炎 friction tenosynovitis crepitant摩顿氏病（跖骨痛症） Mortons diseasemu姆囊炎bunion姆内翻 hallux varus姆僵直 hallux rigidus姆外翻 hallux valgus Nnan难治性佝偻病 refractory rickets难治性疼痛，顽固性疼痛 intractable painnang囊内骨折 intracapsular fracture囊外骨折 extracapsular fracture囊性脊柱裂 spina bifida cysticanei内生软骨瘤病，Ollier氏病 enchondromatosis,Ollisers disease内收骨折 adduction fracturenian黏液瘤 myxoma黏液囊肿 mucocele碾挫骨折 crush fracture碾挫综合征 crush syndromeni