反刍动物饲料营养价值表.doc

反刍动物常用饲料营养价值表 饲料名称 干物质% 粗蛋白% 粗脂肪% 粗纤维% 无氮浸出物% 钙% 磷% 消化能（兆焦/千克） 综合净能（兆焦/千克） RND千克 NND千克 产奶净能（兆焦/千克） 大麦青割甘薯藤黑麦草苜蓿沙打旺象草野青草狗尾草玉米秸青贮冬大麦青贮苜蓿青贮甘薯蔓青贮甜菜叶青贮甘薯片胡萝卜马铃薯甜菜羊草苜蓿干草野干草干黑麦草碱草大米草玉米秸小麦秸稻草谷草甘薯蔓花生蔓玉米高梁大麦稻谷燕麦小麦小麦麸玉米皮米糠高梁糠黄面粉大豆皮豆饼菜籽饼胡麻饼花生饼棉籽饼向日葵饼高梁酒糟玉米酒糟啤酒糟粉渣马铃薯粉渣甜菜渣酱油渣15.713.018.026.214.920.018.925.322.722.233.718.337.524.612.022.015.091.688.785.287.891.783.290.089.689.490.788.091.388.489.388.890.690.391.888.688.290.291.187.291.090.692.292.089.989.692.637.721.02615158.424.32.02.13.33.83.52.03.21.72.42.65.31.74.61.11.11.62.07.411.66.817.07.412.85.95.62.54.58.111.08.68.710.88.311.612.114.49.712.19.69.518.843.036.433.144.632.546.19.34.08.102.81.00.97.10.50.50.60.30.50.61.00.70.60.71.41.12.40.20.30.10.43.61.21.14.93.12.70.91.61.71.22.71.53.53.32.01.55.21.83.74.015.9.10.72.65.47.87.56.65.72.44.22.21.20.70.40.14.54.72.54.29.42.37.05.77.16.96.612.84.57.40.81.20.71.729.443.327.520.441.330.324.931.924.132.628.529.62.02.24.78.58.92.49.29.19.24.01.325.15.710.59.85.810.711.83.42.34.11.41.32.63.36.96.27.610.86.69.47.413.311.69.510.37.314.621.28.418.79.146.625.040.134.332.525.450.241.148.844.239.041.372.972.968.167.560.773.256.261.943.363.574.339.430.629.334.025.734.525.517.611.71810.711.73.47.9-0.20.130.340.200.150.24-0.170.050.50-0.39-0.150.020.060.371.240.410.39-0.420.560.050.070.341.552.460.080.090.120.130.150.110.180.280.140.070.08-0.320.730.580.240.270.53-0.050.020.060.080.11-0.050.050.010.050.020.030.120.100.030.10-0.100.070.090.030.040.180.390.310.24-0.020.160.060.050.030.110.040.210.280.290.280.330.360.780.351.040.810.440.350.500.950.770.520.810.35-0.060.020.040.050.031.801.372.222.421.752.232.062.532.252.473.131.534.263.701.853.291.948.787.677.8610.46.547.658.336.236.748.188.359.4814.513.313.313.013.314.811.411.713.914.014.211.214.313.513.714.413.111.05.832.693.542.411.901.003.600.860.631.111.020.851.020.931.141.001.181.320.642.142.071.051.821.013.703.133.435.002.373.293.612.292.683.503.644.318.067.087.196.986.958.295.865.837.227.408.085.407.416.777.017.416.624.933.031.253.541.330.940.521.730.110.080.140.130.100.130.120.140.120.150.160.080.260.260.130.230.120.460.390.420.620.290.410.450.280.330.430.450.531.000.880.890.860.861.030.730.720.890.921.000.670.920.840.870.920.820.610.380.150.280.160.120.060.210.300.22-0.310.290.400.330.390.360.400.46-0.720.360.610.281.351.061.071.761.021.111.74-1.061.281.291.462.762.472.472.382.452.822.082.072.622.632.721.942.712.492.562.742.441.851.090.470.890.460.330.170.691.060.67-1.090.921.261.051.211.131.261.42-2.261.131.920.884.233.353.355.523.183.515.48-3.313.854.064.068.667.747.787.457.668.836.536.498.208.248.546.078.497.828.038.627.615.773.431.465.451.421.050.542.09注：本资料引自：秸秆养牛新技术党佩珍1998RND为肉牛能量单位，NND为奶牛能量单位。在饲料成分及营养价值表上出现的总能、消化能、代谢能和净能表示什么?饲料成分及营养价值表上出现的总能、消化能、代谢能和净能是代表饲料能量的指标。 (1)总能：是指饲料中碳水化合物、粗脂肪和粗蛋白中所含热能的总和。经前人研究测定，淀粉含的能量是每公斤17.57兆焦，脂肪是每公斤39.33兆焦，蛋白质为每公斤23.85兆焦。如野干草的总能是每公斤15.73兆焦，麦麸为每公斤16.28兆焦，米糠为16.53兆焦，玉米每公斤为16.6兆焦，大豆每公斤为17.11兆焦等。 饲料中的总能并不能被畜、禽全部消化吸收。例如，淀粉是由葡萄糖组成的，纤维素亦是由葡萄糖组成的，因此，它们的能量都差不多是每公斤17.57兆焦，是在测热器上测出的。但是，由于它们的结构不同，反刍动物可以消化利用部分纤维素，非反刍动物就不能很好地利用。再如玉米和玉米秸的总能相近，但玉米能被猪消化利用的能量要比玉米秸多7倍。因此，总能只能说明饲料本身所具有的能量，并不能反映畜、禽从饲料中获得的能量。(2)消化能：就是饲料可消化物质中含有的能量，也就是饲料总能中除掉不能消化的物质含的能量的部分即粪中能。 饲料消化能饲料总能-粪中能 各种畜、禽及其各种不同生长阶段，消化能力是不同的，所以同一饲料会有不同的消化能。目前消化能主要用作猪的能量供给指标。(3)代谢能：是比消化能更科学一些的指标，它能较准确地反映饲料中能量可被畜、禽有效利用的程度。饲料代谢能饲料消化能-尿中能-胃肠道气体中能 尿中能是指饲料被消化吸收后蛋白质的代谢产物如尿素、肌酸等成分中含有的能量。胃肠道气体中能是指由淀粉在体内发酵产生的甲烷等气体中含有的能量。尿中能和胃肠道气体中能不再能被机体利用，前者在尿中排出，后者以屁的形式排出。代谢能实际代表了生理有用能，目前被广泛用作牛、猪、禽的能量指标，尤以用于家禽居多。 (4)净能：是更科学的能量指标。饲料在消化吸收的过程中，有一部分能量以热能的形式散失掉了，这一部分损耗没有考虑，这种热能损耗叫食后增热。在代谢能中扣除食后增热，就是饲料的净能。饲料净能饲料代谢能-食后增热 净能又分维持净能、产奶净能、产肉净能、生长净能等，用于不同的场合，目前主要用作牛、羊的能量供给指标。表2.常用能量饲料的有效能 表中1MJ/kg（兆焦/公斤）4.184Cal/kg（千卡/公斤) 饲料名称 猪消化能DE 鸡代谢能AME) 肉牛消化能DE 奶牛产奶净能NE1 羊消化能DE (MJ/kg) (Mcal/kg) (MJ/kg) (Mcal/kg) (MJ/kg) (Mcal/kg) (MJ/kg) (Mcal/kg) (MJ/kg) (Mcal/kg) 01玉米 14.39 3.44 13.31 3.18 14.64 3.50 7.66 1.83 14.23 3.40 02玉米 14.27 3.41 13.56 3.24 14.73 3.52 7.70 1.84 14.27 3.41 03玉米 14.18 3.39 13.47 3.22 14.56 3.48 7.61 1.82 14.14 3.38 04高粱 13.18 3.15 12.30 2.94 12.84 3.07 6.65 1.59 13.05 3.12 05小麦 14.18 3.39 12.72 3.04 14.06 3.36 7.32 1.75 14.23 3.40 06大麦(裸) 13.56 3.24 11.21 2.68 13.51 3.23 7.03 1.68 13.43 3.21 07大麦(皮) 12.64 3.02 11.30 2.70 13.01 3.11 6.78 1.62 13.22 3.16 08黑麦 13.85 3.31 11.26 2.69 13.47 3.22 7.03 1.68 - - 09稻谷 12.09 2.89 11.00 2.63 12.34 2.95 6.40 1.53 12.64 3.02 10糙米 14.39 3.44 14.06 3.36 14.73 3.52 7.70 1.84 14.27 3.41 10糙米 14.39 3.44 14.06 3.36 14.73 3.52 7.70 1.84 14.27 3.41 11碎米