Lanny 九大原则词汇.doc

新托福九大原则词汇Nine principles 1. Money & Financel. 浪费、节约wasteful westfl adj.浪费的 throw money into thin air浪费钱squander skwnd v.浪费 lavish lvi v.浪费 save v. 节约、节省 economize kn,maz vi.节省、减少开支(by doing sth.)thrift rift n. 节约 frugal fru:gl adj. 节省的, 节俭的money-saving adj.省钱的 cost-effective adj. 有成本效益的, 划算的2. 奢侈、富有costly kstli adj. 昂贵的 money-wasting adj.浪费钱的luxury lkri n.奢侈品 luxurious lzjuris adj.豪华的 profitable prfitbl adj赚钱的 make profits 赚钱precious pres adj宝贵的、贵重的 valuable vljubl adj贵重的、有价值的wealthy weli adj. 富的 the rich-poor gap 贫富差距 (widen vt. 扩大 shorten vt. 缩小)3. 贫穷、发展destitute destitju:t adj赤贫的 miserable mizrbl adj. 悲惨的, 不幸的economic difficulty 经济困难 great depression dipren 经济大萧条crisis kraisis n. 危机 economic downturn 经济下滑 under the poverty line 在贫困线下 needy ni:di adj贫困的、有需要的boost bu:st vt. 增加,促进 development divelpmnt n. 发展maintain meintein vt. 维持 stability stbiliti n. 稳定4. 缺乏，不足 lack/be wanting in v. 缺乏 run out of sth. v. 用完某物shortage :tid n.不足、缺乏 resource ris:s n. 资源inadequate ndkwt adj. 不足的 inadequacy ndkwt n. 不足supply and demand 供求关系5. 资金、财产 asset set n. (个人或公司的)资产 a tight budget bdit 资金/预算紧张invest invest （in） v.投资 (make) investment investmnt n. 投资allocatelkeit vt.分配 (allocation n. ) pension penn n. 退休金, 养老金financial aid 经济资助 public funds 公共资金economic burden经济负担 taxpayer n.纳税人government revenue revnju: 政府税收 hard-earned money辛苦挣来的钱foreign currency krnsi 外汇 economic strength stre 经济实力 personal interests 个人利益 collective klektiv interests 集体利益6. 消费、开支 consume knsju:m vt.消耗，消费 consumer goods消费品 consumption knsmpn n.消费 expense ikspens n.费用life necessity nisesiti n.生活必需品 (多用复数) make ends meet v. 勉强度日facility fslti n. 设施（多用复数） infrastructure infrstrkt n. 基础设施7. 贫民、下岗工人beggar beg n.乞丐 eligible elidbl children 适龄儿童 laid-off worker下岗工人 slum slm n. 贫民窟homeless hmlis adj.无家的、无家可归的 jobless dblis adj失业的lead/live/have a miserable mizrbl life 过着悲惨的生活 8.困境、福利、社会保障charity triti n. 慈善 shelter elt n.栖身之所disease dizi:z n疾病 illness ilnis n. 疾病nursing house n:si 敬老院 healthcare helk n. 医疗保健reduce ridju:s vt. 减少 remove rimu:v vt. 消除improve vt. 改善 subsidize sbsidaiz v. 资助 (subsidy sbsidi n.)plight plait n. 困境; 悲惨遭遇 famine fmin n. 饥荒hunger hg n. 饥饿 starvation st:vein n. 饥饿illiteracy ilitrsi n.文盲 welfare welf n. 福利、安宁 employment rate 就业率 unemployment nimplimnt rate 失业率2. Time & Efficiency1. 时间运用squeeze skwi:z time v.挤时间 tight schedule skdul, -ul, n.排得紧紧的时间表kill time v.浪费/消磨时间 time-consuming adj. 消耗时间的occupy/take up v. 占用 relaxation rilksen n. 消遣, 放松 entertainment ,entteinmnt n.娱乐 recreation ,rekriein n. 娱乐; 消遣2. 吸引、诱人tempt tempt v. 引诱、怂恿 tempting adj. 诱惑人的 resist rizist the temptation tmpten v. 抵挡住诱惑 attract ones attention to sth./ focus ones attention on sth. 把注意力集中在某事上 distract distrkt ones attention from sth 把注意力从某事转移开 distracting distrkti adj. 分心的 distraction dstrkn n. 令人分心的事物3. 上瘾、沉迷addictive diktiv adj. 上瘾的 addiction dkn n. 上瘾be addicted to上瘾 addict dikt n. 上瘾者 be obsessed with v.沉迷于 （obsession n.） fall victim to v. 成为的牺牲品 4. 自控、节制self-control n.自控 self-discipline self dspln n.自律self-love n. 自爱 self-respect 自尊 self-image n.自我形象restrain ristrein sb. from sth./doing sth. 制止某人做某事 innocent insnt adj.天真的 immature imtju adj. 不成熟的 curious kjuris adj. 好奇的inexperienced nksprnst adj.没有经验的 naive n:i:v adj. 单纯的disobedient dsbi:dnt adj.不服从的, 反抗的 (obedient adj.)5. 效率、表现 beneficial benifil adj. 有益的, 有利的 rewarding riw:di adj. 有益的、值得的improve impru:v v. 提高、改善 enhance inhns vt. 提高, 增加performance pf:mns n.表现、绩效 productivity prdktiviti n. 生产率、生产力the fast pace of life 快速的生活节奏 a leisureful leful life 悠闲的生活 lower lu vt.降低, 削减 influence/affect vt. 影响efficiency ifinsi n. 效率 effectiveness fktvns n.效果、有效性time/labor costs n. 时间/人力成本 benefit benifit n. 效益 3. Health & Care1. 疾病 get vt. 患上 suffer from v. 患(某种病)be infected with v. 感染上 develop vt. 患(病)，长出（例如肿瘤）lead to/result in/cause vt. 导致 epidemics ,epidemik n. 流行病incurable nkjrbl disease 绝症 infectious nfks disease 传染病allergy ldi n. 过敏 tumor tju:m n. 肿瘤obesity ubisiti n. 肥胖症 (obese adj.肥胖的) mental disorder 精神紊乱heart disease 心脏病 diabetes daibi:ti:z n糖尿病 high blood pressure 高血压 respiratory rsprtri disease n.呼吸道疾病2. 各种症状symptom simptm n. 症状 the sub-health condition 亚健康状态myopia maipi n. 近视 sore throat 喉咙发炎 overweight uvweit n. 超重 couch potato 肥胖的人 weariness wirinis n疲倦、厌烦 tiredness taidnis n疲劳、疲倦headache hedeik n. 头痛 indigestion indidestn n. 消化不良insomnia insmni n. 失眠症 lung cancer 肺癌3. 有害的、致病的不良习惯impair imp v.削弱、危害 endanger endeind v.危害 threaten retn v. 威胁 negative influence 负面影响 harmful / impairing/ hazardous / damaging adj. 有害的 cancer-causing adj.致癌的 toxic tksik adj. 有毒的 convenience knvi:njns food方便食品fat ft n. 脂肪 calorie klri n. 卡路里junk food垃圾食品 lead a sedentary sedn,teri: lifestyle laf,stal v. 过着久坐的生活方式take in vt. 摄入 intake inteik n. 摄入excessive iksesiv adj. 过量的 oily food 油腻食物 pressure pre n.压(力) stress stres n.压力, 紧张4. 细菌、毒物 bacteria bktiri n. 细菌 virus vairs n. 病毒 parasite prsait n. 寄生虫 toxic tksik gas 有毒气体exhaust igz:st n排气、尾气 radiation reidiein n. 辐射chemical kemikl n. 化学物 bird flu 禽流感 swine swan flu 猪流感nicotine nikti:n n. 尼古丁 tar t: n. 焦油 tobacco tbku n. 烟草spread spred v. 传播、散播 transmit trnzmit v. 传播contain kntein vt. 包含; 容纳 carry vt. 携带emit imit v. 释放、排放 emission mn n. 排放/排放物 (+reduction 减排)give off v. 发出、放出 release rili:s v. 释放、放出5. 健康、良好的生活方式have a vegetarian diet 吃素食 vegetarian veditrin n. 素食者the immune imju:n system n. 免疫系统 aerobic robk exercise有氧运动keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 lose weight v.减肥lifespan laif,spn n. 寿命 longevity ln dvti n. 长寿healthy heli adj. 健康的 wholesome hulsm adj. 健康的create a sound environment 营造一个良好、健康的环境personal hygiene haidi:n n. 个人卫生 environmental sanitation ,snitein n.环境卫生6. 治疗、营养cure kju v.治好 n. 治疗、治愈 prevention privenn n. 预防、防止medical medikl care 医疗 medical treatment tri:tmnt 医疗remove rimu:v v. 根除、消灭 eliminate ilimineit v. 消除, 排除nutrition nju:trin n. 营养 nutritious nju:tris adj. 有营养的malnutrition mlnju(:)trin n.营养不良 body checkup n. 身体检查organ :n transplant trnspl:nt 器官移植 drug dr n. 药物, 毒品4. Emotion & psychology1.正面情感loyal lil adj忠诚的 reliable rilaibl adj. 可靠的 sincere sinsi adj.真诚的optimistic ,ptimistik adj. 乐观的(optimism n.) positive pzitiv adj. 正面的extroverted ekstrv:tid adj. 外向的 out-going adj. 外向的 cheerful tiful adj愉快的、高兴的 refreshing rifrei adj. 令人精神爽快的enthusiasm inju:zizm n. 热情 passion pn n. 激情, 热情 2. 负面情感suffer from 遭受、忍受 bear/stand vt. 忍受indifferent indifrnt adj. 冷漠的(indifference n.) cold-hearted kuldh:tid adj.无情的pessimistic pesimistik adj. 悲观的(pessimism n.) negative netiv adj. 消极的、负面的diffident difidnt adj. 缺乏自信的 world-weary adj. 厌世的rebellious ribeljs adj. 叛逆的 introverted intrv:tid adj. 内向的 frustrated frstreitid adj.受挫的(frustration n.) depressed dprest adj.消沉的(depression n. ) self-centered adj. 以自我为中心的 unsociable nsubl adj. 不爱交际的aggressive gresiv adj. 好争斗的 cruel kru:l adj. 残酷的 hatred heitrid n. 憎恨、仇恨 dispute dispju:t v. 争论n. 争吵hostility hstiliti n. 敌意、恶意 conflict knflikt n冲突interference ,ntfirns n.干涉 prejudice predudis n. 偏见(prejudiced adj.)3. 正面行为encourage inkrid (sb. to do sth.)vt. 鼓励 advocate dvkeit (doing sth.) vt. 提倡 do sth. out of good intentions v.出于善意地去做 enhance inhns vt. 促进comfort kmft n.v. 安慰 goodwill gdwil n. 善意 mutual understanding 相互了解communication k,mju:nikein n. 交流 exchange iksteind n. 交换4. 心理状态psychology saikldi n.心理状态 psychologist sakldst n. 心理学家overcome ,uvkm vt. & vi.克服 mental obstacle bstkl 心理障碍 mental health 心理健康 mental pressure 精神压力6. 社会流行各种心理hatred of the rich 仇富心理 group psychology 从众心理money-oriented mentality/money worship 拜金主义 materialism mtri:,lzm n.拜物主义hero worship 英雄崇拜主义 dependency dipendnsi n. 依赖症vanity vniti n. 虚荣心 a sense of loss 失落感envious envi:s adj. 嫉妒的 (envy n. ) psychological quality 心理素质 a sense of security sikjuriti 安全感 a sense of accomplishment kmplmnt 成就感depression dipren n. 抑郁症 anxiety nzaiti n.焦虑症5. Education & intelligence1. 智力、聪明mental growth 智力发展 ability of expression表达能力intelligence intelidns n. 智力、聪明 wisdom wizdm n. 智慧talent n.人才 talented tlntid adj. 有才能的genius di:njs n. 天才、天赋 mentality mentliti n. 心态 insight (into sth.) insait n. 洞察力、见识 foresight f:,sat n. 预见, 先见之明2. 笨拙、平庸、迟钝common kmn adj.平凡的 dependent adj. 依赖的clumsy kl mzi adj.笨拙的 narrow-minded adj思想狭隘的 illogical ildikl adj. 缺乏逻辑的 impractical imprktikl adj. 不现实的 3.培养、发挥、开发、体验bring sth. into full play 充分发挥 put sth. into great play 充分发挥experience ikspirins v. 体验 appreciate pri:ieit v.体会cultivate kltiveit v培养 foster f st vt.培养promote prmut v. 促进 enhance inhns vt. 提高, 增加assess ses v.评价 (assessment n.) evaluate ivljueit v. 评价、评估 (evaluation n.) enrich inrit vt.使丰富 explore ikspl: v开发widen waidn vt. 拓宽（widen ones horizon） broaden vt. 拓宽（broaden ones vision）accumulate kju:mjuleit vt. 积累 (accumulation n.) 4. 创新、个性、想象 imagination i,mdinein n.想象力 originality ridinliti n. 创意 (original adj.)creativity kri:eitivti n. 创造力 creation n. 创造物 creative adj. 有创意的individuality indi.vidjuliti n. 个性 literacy litrsi n. 有文化、有教养innovate inuveit v.创新 (innovation n. innovative adj.) interaction ,ntrkn n.互动5. 素质、观点、能力quality education素质教育 exam-oriented education 应试教育thinking pattern思维模式 tele-education n. 远程教育computer literacy电脑知识 survival ability生存能力excel (at) iksel v. 在方面擅长 master m:st v. 掌握 (mastery n.) digest daidest vt. 消化 absorb bs :b v. 吸收 acquire kwai v. 获得perspective pspektiv n. 观点、看法 thinking pattern思维模式theoretical ,iretikl knowledge 理论知识 practical prktikl skills 实际技能interpersonal ,intp:snl relations 人际关系 problem-solving skills 解决问题的技能re-education (throught labor) n. 再教育(劳动改造) social skills 社交技巧 tell right from wrong 分辨是非 go astray 误入歧途adapt (to) v.适应 (adaption n.) adaptable dptbl adj. 可适应的 (adaptability n.适应性)adjust dst vt.调整 self-adjustment 自我调节perseverance ,p.svrns n. 坚持不懈; 毅力 tolerance tlrns n.宽容, 容忍6. Power & rights1. 禁止、限制、剥夺forbid fbid (sb. to do sth.) vt. 禁止 prohibit prhibit (sb. from doing sth.) vt.禁止deprive dipraiv (sb. of sth. ) vt剥夺 （deprivation n.）abolish bli vt. 废止、废除 do away with废除 restrict ristrikt vt限制、约束 limit limit vt.限制、约束2. 侵犯、干涉 interference intfirns n.干涉 (interfere vt.) intervene intvi:n v. 干涉(intervention n.) invade inveid v. 侵犯(invasion n.) infringe on infrind v.侵犯 (infringement n.)violate vaileit vt. 违反(violation n.) defy difai vt. 反抗(defiance n.)oppression pren n. 压迫 resistance rizistns n. 反抗3. 权利、平等、公正、自由enjoy vt. 享受 share vt. 分享fight for/against v.为而战/为反对而战 strive straiv for v. 争取copyright kpirait n. 版权 abortion b:n n流产、堕胎 righteous raits adj.正直的、正当的 a righteous course 正义事业 legal li:gl adj. 法律的、法定的 illegal ili:gl adj.不合法的 humane hju:mein adj. 人道的 (inhumane) humanistic hju:mnistik adj. 人道主义的humanitarianism hju:,mniteri:nism n.人道主义 animal rights 动物权益advocate dvkeit n. 提倡者, 拥护者 opponent punnt n. 反对者human right人权 civil right民权 equality i(:)kwliti (betweenand) n.平等dignity digniti n.尊严 freedom fri:dm n.自由 privacy praivsi n.隐私fair play 公平竞争 monopoly mnpli n. 垄断liberation librein n. 解放 liberty libti n.自由 freedom of speech言论自由 privilege privilid n. 特权justified dstifaid adj.有正当理由的 right of survival 生存权censorship sensip n.审查制度 punishment pnmnt n. 处罚 penalty penlti n. 刑罚4. 歧视、偏见discriminate dis.krimineit (against) v. 歧视 distort dist: t vt. 歪曲(distortion n.)sexual/gender discrimination 性别歧视 racial discrimination 种族歧视humiliate hju:milieit v. 羞辱 ( humiliating adj. humiliation n.) look down upon v. 看不起unprejudiced npredudist adj无偏见的 political pressure政治的压力 economic factor 经济因素5. 制定、实施、建立constitute knstitju:t vt. 制定(法律) set down v.制定implement implimnt v.执行（implementation n.） carry out vt.执行、实施establish istbli vt. 建立（establishment n.） accuse kju:z (sb. of sth.) v. 指责 bring an accusation of sth. against sb. v. 起诉某人某事regulation regjulein n. 法规 social security 社会保障policy plsi n.政策 system sistm n. 制度, 体系compulsory kmplsri adj. 义务的、强制的 duty/obligation ,bliein n. 义务VII Environment & protection 1. 垃圾、废物garbage g:bid n. 垃圾、废物 rubbish rbi n垃圾、废物junk dk n. 垃圾 trash tr n. 废物waste gas废气 landfill lndfil n. 垃圾掩埋堆 tail gas n.尾气 emission n. 排放物2. 污染、污染源impairing adj. 有害的 hazardous hzds adj危险的contaminate kntmineit v. 污染 pollute plu:t vt. 污染(pollution n.) soil pollution土壤污染 light pollution光污染 white pollution 白色污染disposable dspzbl product 一次性产品 one-off chopstick 一次性筷子emit imit v. 排放 (emission n.) give off v. 排放fossil fsl fuel 化石燃料（crude oil原油, petroleum pitrulim汽油） bio-fuel n.生物燃料develop vt. 开发（development n.） explore ikspl: vt. 开发 (exploration n.)alternative :lt:ntiv energy 替代能源 clean energy 清洁能源 solar/tidal/wind energy 太阳/潮汐/风能 green energy 绿色能源renewable r nu:bl energy 可再生能源 unrenewable ,nrinju:bl adj. 不可再生的3. 生态、环保biodegradable baiudigreidbl adj.生物所能分解的 (non-biodegradable adj.)cityscape sitiskeip n都市风景 landscape lndskeip n.风景 conserve kns:v v. 保护 preserve priz:v vt.保护、保存 biosphere baisfi n生物圈 biological diversity . dai v:siti: 生物多样性ecological balance生态平衡 ecological system生态系统over-explored adj. 过度开发的circumstance s:kmstns n. 环境 surroundings srandiz n. 环境endangered species濒临灭绝的物种 prohibit prhibit vt. 禁止、阻止rare animals 稀有动物 wildlife waild,laif n. 野生动植物 environmentalist in.vairnmentlist n. 环保主义者eco-friendly (bag) adj. 环保的 environmentally friendly环保的recyclable ri:saikl adj.可循环的 non-recyclable adj.不可循环的exist igzist vi. 存在、生存(existence n.) coexist ,kuikstensiv vi. 共存 survival svaivl n. 生存 subsistence sbsistns n. 生存food chain食物链 globalization glblaizein n. 全球一体化 habitat hbitt n. 栖息地 habitant hbitnt