专八改错_(1999年-2011年)真题及答案.pdf

2000 年 2011 年专八短文改错试题 参考答案以及答案分析 By 兰银清 以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案 2011 年专八真题改错部分 Fromavery early age perhaps the age of five or six I knew that when I grew I should beawriter Between the ages of about1 seventeen and twenty four I tried to abandon this idea but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that2 soon or later I should have to settle down and write books 3 I was thechild of three but there wasagap of five years4 on either side and I barely saw my father before I was eight For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my5 schooldays I had the lonely child s habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons and I think from6 the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of7 being isolated and undervalued I knew that I hadafacility with words andapower of facing in unpleasant facts and I felt that this created8 asort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure9 in everyday life Therefore the volume of serious i e seriously10 intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to halfadozen pages I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five my mother taking it down to dictation 1 在 grow 后加 up 考固定短语 2 改 consience 为 consciousness考词语区别 consience 翻译为 良心 道德心 consiousness 翻译为 意 识 3 改 soon 为 sooner sooner or later 是固定短语 4 在 child 前加 middle 考上下文理解 作者是三个孩子句中的那位 5 改 disagreeing 为 disagreeable disagreeing 只能作动名词 不能作形容词 disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯 6 改 imaginative 为 imaginary 考词语区别imaginative 翻译为 有想象力的 imaginary 翻译为 想象 的 虚构的 7 改 literal 为 literary 考词义区别 literal 翻译为 字面的 literary 翻译为 文学方面的 8 去掉 face 后的 in face 接宾语时是及物动词 考动词的基本用法 9 在 world 后加 in 或者改 which 为 where 考定语从句 10 改 Therefore 为 However 或者 Nevertheness 考语境 感悟 11 专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点 本人认为词义区别考得过多了 2010 年专八真题改错部分 So far as we can tell all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication that is every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say1 the things their speakers want to say 2 There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive3 peoples or cultures but that is another matter Certainly not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice Whereas this is not the4 fault of their language The Eskimos it is said can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in5 English but this is not because the Eskimo language one of those sometimes miscalled primitive is inherently more precise and subtle than English This example does not come to lightadefect6 in English ashow of unexpected primitiveness The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7 environments The English language will be just as rich in terms8 for different kinds of snow presumably if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important 9 Similarly we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life 10 2010 年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词 1 be 后插入 as as as 引导的比较级 2 their 改为 its its 代替 every language 3 There 改为 It It 此处作为形式主语 真正的主语是后面的不定式 4 Whereas 改为 But 语境需要表示转折的连词 whereas 表示对比 5 further 改为 muchfurther 不能修饰比较级 6 come 改为 bring sth come to light bring sth to light bring to light the defect of English bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷 7 similar 改为 different 根据语境应该用 different 8 will 改为 would 虚拟语气 9 as important 去掉 as 10 the part 去掉 the 或者改 the 为abe become form a part of 是固定短语 09 专八改错原题 The previous section has shown how quicklyarhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference 1 between school lore and nursery lore In nursery loreaverse learnt in early childhood is not usually passed on again when the 2 little listener has grown up and has children of their own or even 3 grandchildren The period between learninganursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years With 4 the playground lore therefore arhyme may be excitedly passed 5 on within the very hour it is learnt and in the general it passes 6 between children of the same age or nearly so since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years If therefore aplayground rhyme can be shown to have been currently forahundred years or even just for fifty it follows that it 7 has been retransmitted over and over very possibly it has passed 8 alongachain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers and the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling 9 to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 10 答案分析 1 the further difference 改为afurther difference 此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指 2 改 when 为 until 结构 not until 翻译为 直到 才 3 their 改为 his 代词与前文alittle listener 在单复数上保持一致 4 something 改为 anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段 5 therefore 改为 however 根据上下文逻辑关系 6 in the general 去掉 the 习惯用法 in general 表示总的来说 一般不用冠词 7 currently 改为 current 这里起的是表语的作用 需要形容词而不是副词 8 it has passed 改为 it has been passed 与分号前的被动保持一致 9 live 改为 alivealive 翻译为 鲜活的 一般作补语 live 翻译为 现场转播的 活的 一般作定语 10 to let alone 改为 let alone let alone 为习惯搭配 意思是 更不用说 2008 年专八真题 短文改错 The desire to use language asasign of national identity isa very natural one and in result language has playedaprominent 1 part in national moves Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2 agiven language to show that they are distinctive from another 3 race whose hegemony they resent At the time the United States 4 split off from Britain for example there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use ofa 5 different language from those of Britain There was even one 6 proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew Others favoured the adoption of Greek though as one man put it things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7 and made the British learn Greek At the end as everyone 8 knows the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before 9 Since nearly two hundred years now they have shown the world 10 that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages ofacommon language 2008 1 in result 改成 in consequence 2 moves 改成 movements 3 distinctive 改成 distinct 或 different 4 在 time 后加 when 5 accepted 改成 realized 6 those 改成 that 7 删除 on 8 At 改成 In 9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with 10 now 改成 ago 07 专八真题 短文改错 From what has been said it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated There is no material in any language today and in the earliest1 records of ancient languages show us language inanew and2 emerging state It is often said of course that the language3 originated in cries of anger fear pain and pleasure and the4 necessary evidence is entirely lacking there are no remote tribes no ancient records providing evidence of alanguage withalarge proportion of such cries5 than we find in English It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory but in6 other grounds too the theory is not very attractive People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure The fact that7 such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8 between these noises and language proper Wemay say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions instinctive to large extent 9 whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are10 wholly conventional 1 改 and 为 or any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分 在否定句中用 or 2 改 show 为 showing 现在分词作定语 3 删除 the 表示泛指 4 改 and 为 but 根据语境此处是转折 5 改 large 为 larger 后面有 than 应该用比较级 6 改 in 为 on on other grounds 基于其它理由 为固定搭配 7 改 return 为 response in response to 对 作出反应 8 删除 on emphasize sthemphasize 是及物动词 9 在 large 前加 a extent 是可数名词 前面要加冠词 toalarge extent 翻译为 在很大程度上 10 改 these 为 those those that who 为固定形式 2006 专八短文改错 Weuse language primarily asameans of communication with other human beings Each of us shares with the community in which we liveastore of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as1 to the way in which words should be arranged to conveyaparticular2 message the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary anda3 set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4 thoughts and feelings inavariety of styles to the other English5 speakers His vocabulary in particular both that which he uses active ly and that which he recognises increases in size as he grows old asaresult of education and experience 6 But whether the language store is relatively small or large the system remains no more thanapsychological reality for the individual unless he hasameans of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another7 member of his linguistic community he bas to give the systema concrete transmission form We take it for granted the two most8 common forms of transmission by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs speech or by visual signs writing And these are9 among most striking of human achievements 10 1 改 agreeing 为 agreedagreed conventions 翻译为 习俗 2 words 前加 the 此处为特指 3 改 in 为 atat one s disposal 为固定短语 翻译为 由某人做主 4 改 enables 为 enable 定语从句与先行词 vocabulary andaset of grammatical rules 保持一致 5 删除 the 此处需要泛指 6 改 old 为 older 此处需要比较级 7 改 seen 为 understood system 应该是被理解 8 删除 ittake sth for grantedtake it for granted that 9 改 or 为 and 语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系 10 most 前加 the 形容词最高级中 that 一般不能省略 2005 年专八真题短文改错 The University as Busines A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current very low rate of inflation They say the increases are needed because ofaloss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common1 stock I am skeptical A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues irrespective fluctuations in income and increasingly the2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of3 business firms The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty4 increases the demand for education The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income fromajob this is primarilyafactor in5 graduate and professional school tuition the poor one s job prospects 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education in order to make oneself more marketable The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students7 include soft majors student evaluations of teachers giving students agovernance role and eliminate required courses 8 Sky high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the9 rigors of competition universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best10 customer 1 investing 应改为 invested 过去分词作定语 2 在 irrespective 和 fluctuations 之间加上介词 of irrespectiveOf 是一固定用法 意指 不论 不管 不顾 等 此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化 3 把 those 改为 that that 此处代替 outlook 4 在 fact 和 economic 之间力口上关系代词 that 这是一个同位语从语 that 在同位语从句中是不能省 略的 5 把定冠词 the 去掉 in school 表示上学这个抽象意义 6 把形容词 poor 改为其比较级 poorer 这句中的 poor 与后面的 more 形成一对比较关系 表示 越 越 7 在 ways 和 which 之间加上一个介词 in 8 这里应该用动词的 lng形式 即eliminating 以便使句型结构与前面的giving studentsagovernance role 保持一致 否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确 9 将 shorten 缩短 使变短 改为 reduce lesson weaken 此处属于用词不当 10 将 to give discounts on 改为 to give discounts to their best customer 意为实业公司给最好的客户提供 优惠 Give discounts to sb 为固定短语 2004 改错 One of the most important non legislative functions of the U S Congress is the power to investigate This power is usually delegated to committees either standing committees special committees set foraspecific 1 purpose or joint committees consisted of members of both houses 2 Investigations are held to gather information on the need for future legislation to test the effectiveness of laws already passed to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches and in rare occasions to lay the 3 groundwork for impeachment proceedings Frequently committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 4 and to make out detailed studies of issues 5 There are important corollaries to the investigative power One is the power to publicize investigations and its results Most 6 committee hearings are open to public and are reported 7 widely in the mass media Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 8 to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues 9 Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses and to cite for contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of these who give false testimony 10 1 在 set 后加 up set up 建立 成立 是固定短语 2 答案 consisted consisting composed 3 答案 in on 详细解答 固定搭配 on occasions 4 答案 rely 后加 on 详细解答 固定搭配 rely on sb to do something 5 答案 make out make 详细解答 make out 意思是 辨认出 而此处意思是 对 做详细的研究 故用 make detailed studies of 即可 6 答案 its their 详细解答 此处指代的是 investigations 故用复数 7 答案 public the public 详细解答 the adj 可表示某一类人 此处意思是 面向公众 故应用 the public 8 答案 nevertheless therefore thus 详细解答 此处不是表示意思的转折 而是与前文构成因果关系 故可改为 therefore 或 thus 9 答案 interests interest 详细解答 此处看成不可数名词为佳 10 答案 these those 详细解答 those 指代 witnesses 即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词 而 these 不行 2003 改错 Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate toatwentieth century height after more thanahundred 1 years ofasteady decline producing the baby boom These young 2 adults establishedatrend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and causedamajor 3 but temporary reversal of long term demographic patterns From the 1940s through the early 1960s Americans married atahigh rate 4 and atayounger age than their Europe counterparts 5 Less noted but equally more significant the men and women who 6 formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the 7 divorce rate afterapostwar peak their marriages remained intact to agreater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well 8 as later decades Since the United States maintained its dubious 9 distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in 10 Europe Contrary to fears of the experts the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned 1 答案 height high high 作为名词翻译为 最高水平 又如 reach an all time high 2 答案 删除a 详细解答 此处 steady decline 指稳定下降的行为 过程而不是其结果 为不可数名词 故应去 掉定冠词a 3 答案 went 后加 on 详细解答 go on 为固定搭配 意为 持续 4 答案 high higher 详细解答 后面有 than 此处应为比较级 5 答案 Europe European 详细解答 根据上下文 此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词 counterparts 6 答案 more 详细解答 由上下文可知 more 与 equally 矛盾 故应去掉 7 答案 nevertheless also 详细解答 由上下文可知 此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系 而非转折关系 8 答案 that those 详细解答 由上下文可知 此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的 marriages 故指示代词也应该用 复数形式 9 答案 Since Although 或 While 详细解答 从逻辑上讲 此处应表达让步关系 而非因果关系 10 答案 in to 详细解答 to extent 为固定搭配 意为 到 程度 2002 改错 There are great impediments to the general use ofastandard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling orthography One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously and orthography is learnt1 deliberately and consciously Large numbers of us in fact remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds2 like when we speak out and it often comes asashock when3 we firstly heararecording of ourselves It is notavoice we recognize at once 4 whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know 5 We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write and in our early years we went on unconsciously6 imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend7 learning even our difficult English spelling This is natural 8 therefore that our speech sounds should be those of our immediate circle after all as we have seen speech operates asameans of holdingacommunity9 and givingasense of belonging We learn quite early to recognizea stranger someone who speaks with an accent ofadifferent community perhaps onlyafew miles far 10 答案与详解 1 答案 and while whereas 详细解答 前半句意为 发音是在无意识之中学成的 后半句意为 拼写是有意识地学成的 它们之 间是对比关系 故应该用连词 while 来连接 2 答案 with of 详细解答 be unconscious of 是固定搭配 意为 无意识地 未意识到 即 我们之中很多人一辈子都 不知道自己的话听起来是什么样的 3 答案 speak 后加 it 详细解答 speak out 意为 大胆地说出 在这里句意不通 在 speak out 中加上 it 指代前面的 speech 意为 当我们说出话后 自己听起来像什么 4 答案 firstly first 详细解答 firstly 表示顺序中的 第一 first 则表示时间上的 第一次 首次 这里是说 当我们第一 次听到自己的录音时 通常会震惊 故应将 firstly 改为 first 才合乎句意 5 答案 which that 详细解答 在定语从句中 如果先行词是代词 something everything nothing little few 等时 关 系词应用 that 而不是 which 故此处应将 which 改为 that 6 答案 went go 详细解答 本文通篇用的都是一般现在时 所以此处也应用一般现在时 使上下文保持时态一致 7 答案 删除 per 或 every 详细解答 per 和 every 都是 每 的意思 在此属重复错误 故将两者去掉一个即可 8 答案 This It 详细解答 根据句子结构 句中缺少一形式主语 而作形式主语的只能是代词 it this 是 这 的意思 不能用做形式主语 所以应将 this 改为 it 9 答案 community 后加 together 详细解答 hold 意为 抓住 占据 包含 此处想表达的意思是 语言用作使社区具有凝聚力 给人 归属感的一种方式 用 holdacommunity 不能表达此意 hold sth together 表示 使结合在一起不破 使团结一致 的意思 符合句意 10 答案 far away 详细解答 要表达距离上的远近 在英语中通常用副词 away far 表示 远 从 到 很远距离 不 合句意 2001 改错 During the early years of this century wheat was s