中高考高频词 整理.doc

中国管理科学研究院教育科学研究所脑图英语教育研究中心脑图英语专家经过六年研究，利用电脑数据库系统按照55万8千词汇在近15年中高考试卷中的考试使用频率，自动排列出中学生科学考试必备核心词汇及对应考点，初中生必备1000个核心词汇，高中生必备2000个核心词汇。100个最常用单词构成英语听说读写内容的58.83%；1. the / art. 这（个），那（个）用法：1.(指已提到的人物)Its her room. The room is bright and clean.这是她的房间。这房间明亮整洁。2.(指说话人与听者已知的人物)Do you like the book?你喜欢这本书吗?3.(用于独一无二的事物前)The sun is like a great ball of fire.太阳像个巨大的火球。4.(与形容词最高级和序数词连用)September is the ninth month of the year.九月是一年中的第九个月。This is the best book I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的一本书。5.(在单数名词前表示一类人物)The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。6.(用于江河、山脉等名称之前)The Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean in the earth.太平洋是地球上最大的海洋。7.(与乐器名称连用)He is good at the piano.他擅长弹钢琴。8.(表示数量)每; 每一The worker is paid by the hour.这个工人的工资按小时计算。9.(用于形容词前表示一类人)The old are apt to catch a cold.老人容易患感冒。考点链接：1. I prefer to watch _ Korea TV series. _ series I watched last night was sad. A.the, The B.a, The C./,The D.the,A 答案：C2. of prep.属. 用法； This is the fault of mine. 这是我的过错。关于.的He is telling the stories of Lei Feng tochildren. 他正给孩子们讲雷锋的故事。表示某种性质、内容、状况等a man of ability有能力的人.的数量或种类The truck can hold two tons of coal. 这帮卡车能载两吨煤。.的部分或全部The three of us can finish the task. 我们中的主人能完成这个任务。.中最突出的He is one of the greatest scientists in the history. 他是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。在.方面：It is kind of you to hep us。你帮助我们，真善良。来自.的，从.：In his spare time he reads Selected Works of Lu Xun. 在空余时间他读鲁迅选集。由于，因为：He died of cancer. 他死于癌症。由.组成： This is a class of forty-five students. 这个班有45名学生。短语归纳 in front of 在前面of oneself 自然而然地；自动地of course 当然；自然all of a sudden突然 注意：be of十n. (= be十 adj.)：be of (great) use/importance/value(很)有用/重要/有价值高考真题解析：1、This is the map _ China.A. of B. over C. at D. in答案：A. 见of相关用法（1）“.的, 属于”，Over表示物体表面上空，比如over the river.at表示在某处，比如：at home在家. in 表示在一定深度容器里，比如in the glass.2、【考题链接】Scientists areconvinced the positiveeffect of laughter _ physical and mental health.A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at答案：C3. and conj.妙记：一个（a）小门（n）和弟弟（d）在说话。用法：又;和my sister and I 我姐姐和我然后She went to the United States in 1960 and has lived there ever since. 1960年去了美国，此后就一直住在那里。(表示结果)所以，因此She was sick and took some medicine. 她生病了，所以吃了些药。(用于命令句之后)那么，则Go straight on and youll see a church. 一直走下去你使可以看到一座教堂。而，但是Vegetable oil is digestible and mineral oil is not. 植物油易消化而矿物油则不行。短语归纳and so on (and so forth)等等and then 然后and yet 可是，但考点链接：1. The artist was born poor , _ poor he remained all his life. (重庆高考)A. and B. or C. but D so句意为：这位艺术家出身贫寒，并且一辈子过着穷日子。根据句意并列连词是递增关系，故用 and。答案:A 2. Be quick, _ you will catch the bus.A. but B. or C. and D. if 3.Help others whenever you can _ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.A. and B. or C. unless D. but4.The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.A. and B. or C. but D. so5. The artist was born poor, _ poor he remained all his life. A. and B. or C. but D. so解析：、C. and，conj.意为“那么”连词or “否则”，引导结果状语从句。If意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句（表示假设）。but意为“但是”，表转折。、A；、A;4、 、句意为：这位艺术家出身贫寒，并且一辈子过着穷日子。根据句意，并列连词是递增关系，故用and.4.to prep. 用法：到（目的地）；去，向（方向）去Turn to the right.向右转。 至（范围，程度，结果）：We got wet to the skin.我们全身都湿透了。至（时间）；在以前：Its ten minutes to five.现在是4 点50分。（表示对象）向；对于：She is kind to me .她对我很友善。为了（目的）：We sat down to dinner.我们坐下来吃饭。比，对：We won the game by 5 to 3.我们以5比3赢得了这场比赛。配合，伴着：dance to music 伴着音乐起舞（表示接近，接触）紧贴着to shoulder 肩并肩属于，归于Ive lost the key to the house.我把房子的钥匙丢了。 （表示比较，对比）比：This engine is superior to that one.这台发动机比那台要好。 短语归纳devote / dedicateto把贡献给（to是介词）drink to为干杯to and fro往复地，来回地to ones knowledge据某人所知to the contrary 相反（的话等）to the point 切题，切中要害with ones back to背朝to ones surprise 令人惊讶的是高考真题解析1.There have been many new treatments_tubweculosis.A as B.to C.for D.with答案：C;题干意为：现在已有许多治疗肺结核的新疗法了。题干中treatment是有treat 派生而来的名词，此处用作可数名词，表示“治疗的方法”。treat 后跟不同的介词，表达不同的意义：treatas 把看作是（=consider / regard / look upon / think of .as）treat.to 以.款待，以招待treat.for 给.治疗.病treat with 和.谈判，和.商谈 treat of 论述，谈论（问题）例如：The police treated his death as a case of murder.They treated me as one of their family members.They treated each other like brothers.(有时亦可用treat.like)Ill treat you to a glass of beer.I think Ill treat myself to a holiday to Hainan this summer.They treated her for a broken leg.The doctors are treating the boy for samllpox.If we are to treat with you,it must be on equal terms.The manaer refused to treat with the workmen.This lecture treats of the progress of cancer research.另外，treat 用作名词时和treatment意义不同。treatment具有上述动词的意义：对待，处理；款待，招待；治疗，疗法；论述等。treat则意为“享受，愉快之事（常加不定冠词）；请客（可数）”。短语be ones treat则意为“由请客”。例如：Its a great treat for her to go to the south. Her sons visits are a treat for her. This is my treat.(我请客) 2、【历年考题】I really want _ go to the USA.A. to B. over C. at D.over答案;A.固定搭配want to do sth.，to do sth.做want的短语。5.a/an 冠词art. (元音音素开始的词前用 an)用法；(上文未提及的)一个 ：There isa temple on the hill. 山上有座庙。(用于数词前，相当于 one)一打： half a dozen半打每 80 miles an hour每小时时80英里(一类事物中的)任一：A bicycle has two wheels. 自行车有两个轮子。(用于成套的东西前) (套、副等) a knife and fork 一副刀叉 (用于物质名词前)(份：)：Id like a beer，please. 请给我来杯啤酒。(用于画家等的姓名前)一幅 (某人的) 作品 She noticed a Rembrandt on the wall. 她看到墙上有幅伦勃朗的油画。 (用于表动作的名词前)(次),一(下) have a look看一看have a break休息一下 (正式)某一(名叫.不相识的人)A Mr Mike iswaiting for youat the gate.有一位迈克先生在门口等你。 many a (= many)：Many a man believes his story. 许多人相信他的故事。注意:many a后接可数名词的单数形式，表复数意义，其后谓语动词用单数形式。兼容各版本教材适合所有考生词语辨析:a与 an a用于辅音音素开始的词前a horse 一匹马a umform一套制服an用于元音音素开始的词前an hour一个小时an unknown world一个未知的世界精句欣赏A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。The walk is ex pecte to last all day, so bring a packed lunch. 这次步行要花一整天，所以带上装好的午餐。：6.in冠词art. 英音：in美音：n (元音音素开始的词前用 an)用法；介词 prep. 1. “在.里,在.上”例如：（1）The two brothers study in the same class.两兄弟在同一个班里上课。（2）The telephone is in the little study on the ground floor.电话在一楼的小书房内。 2. “在.之内;在.方面”例如：He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇气。 3. “从事于;参加”例如：She is in business. 她做生意。 4. “穿着,戴着”例如：He is dressed in black. 他穿黑衣服。 5. “朝,向”例如：She hurried away in the opposite direction她朝相反的方向匆匆离去。 6. “(表示手段、方法、材料)用,以”例如：They paid in cash. 他们用现金支付。 7. “在.期间;在.以后”例如：（1）Hell come back in a week. 他将于一周之后回来。2）I havent met her in a long time. 我好长时间没有遇见她了。 8. “处在.中”例如：The room was in disorder. 房间里乱七八糟。 9. “(表示数量、程度、比例)按,以;在.中”例如：One child in twenty has this disease.二十个小孩中有一个患有这种疾病。 10. “在.身上,在.上”例如：In him I see a future leader. 我在他身上看到了一个未来的领袖人物。 11. “(表示过程)在.当儿;在.过程中”例如：The work is in progress. 这工作正在进行中。 12. “(表示动作的方向和结果)进入到.中;成,为”例如：He pushed a button and set the machine in motion.他按下按钮开动了机器。 副词 ad. 1. “进;在里头”例如：Please come in. 请进。 2. “在屋里;在家”例如：I called on him; but he wasnt in我去拜访他, 但他不在家。 3. “(车、船、季节等)已到达,已来临”例如：Spring is in at last. 春天终于来了。 4. “(庄稼)已收进;已成熟”例如：The wheat crop is in. 小麦收进来了。 5. “(服装等)时髦”例如：Miniskirts are in again. 迷你裙又时髦起来了。 6. “当政;当选”例如：The Democratic Party is in. 民主党执政了。 7. “【板】轮到击球,【网】(球)在界内”8. “(加)入,(搀)入”形容词 a. 1. “在里面的;朝里面的”例如：I found the letter in my tray. 我在文件盘里发现了这封信。 2. “【口】时髦的,流行的;赶时髦的”例如：（1）These clothes are the in thing now in Los Angeles. 这些衣服在洛杉矶正流行。 （2）the in crowd 赶时髦的一群 （3）This is the in thing to wear this season.这是这一季最流行的穿着。 （4）She mixed with the in crowd.她与时髦阶层交往。 3. “【口】限于小圈子的”例如：It was an in joke. 这是小圈子里的一个玩笑。 4. “(火等)燃烧着的;(灯)亮着的”名词 n. 1. “当朝派;执政者”2. “【美】【口】门路,关系”IN缩写词 abbr. 1. “=Indiana 美国印第安纳州邮政编码”2. “=Information Network 情报网络”3. “=Intelligent Network 【电脑】智能网”“表示在内,进,入,向,朝”高考真题解析：1、_a way her health is much improved,but she is stillnot ready well. A.In B.By C.On D.Under 答案：A；题干意为：在某种程度上她的健康有很大的好转但他并未完全康复。A 项in a/ one way 意为“在某种程度上，就某种意义而言”，相当于to a certain degree.例如：Your spoken English has imoproved in a way ,but it still requires a great deal of practice aand hard work.The work was well done in one way.He is a smart person in some way.In some way you are mistaken.介词in+不同的修饰词+way可构成不同意思的短语：In a bad way 身体不好，情况不妙（=rery ill or in serious trouble）In a big/ small way 大（小）规模地（=on a large/ small scale）In a fair way 很可能（=likely）In many ways 在很多方面In any / every way 在任何/ 各方面In the way of 在.的方面 In the/ ones way 妨碍，挡道（=cauusing inconvenience） In no way 决不，一点也不（=never）In a / the family way 怀孕（=be pregnant）例如：He was in the bad way after the accident.Theyve started planting trees in a big way.He will be in a fair way to losing his job if he comes late once more.I left them alone,as I left I was in the way.We can in no way allow this to continue.His wife is the family way right now.其余选项亦可与way 构成一些常用短语。B项by 与way 搭配构成下列短语： By the way 顺便说、问一声；在路边 By way of 取道，途径（=via）;为了（with the intention of ; for the purpose of）例如：What did you say your name was ,by the way?We stopped for a picnic by the way.He went to Australia by way of Japan.They have come here by way of fiding the truth.C项on 可与way搭配构成短语 on the / ones way to ,意为“在去的路上；即将走向，快要”。例如：I came across old friend Louise on my way home.He is on the way to success.She is on the way to becoming the most highly paid person in the company.D项under可与way搭配构成短语under way ，意为“在进行中（=having started and making progress）”。例如：All the preparations are well under way now. 2、【历年考题】The windows are _ the wall. A. in B.at C.on D.over 答案：A。在事物内部用介词in，意为：窗子在墙上On表示与表面接触，比如“The picture is on the wall.图片挂在墙上。at（表示地点范围小），比如，at the airport. Over表示在物体表面上空，比如over the river.3、【考题链接】People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars , and this creates further problems.A. in shortB. in case C. in doubt D. in turn答案：D4、【考题链接】_ the silence for the pauses, wecould hear each others breathing and could almosthear our own heartbeats.A. In B. For C. Under bD. Between答案：A 7.have 助词 v.aux. 妙记；哈哈（ha）!有五只鹅（e）可以吃。用法；1. “(加过去分词,构成完成时态)已经;曾经”例如：They havent finished the job yet.他们尚未完成该项工作。 2. “(用于虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设)(假如那时).的话”例如：She might have come if she hadnt been so busy.当时若不是那么忙,她是可能来的。 及物动词 vt. 1. “有,拥有”例如：This coat has no pockets. 这件衣服没有口袋。 2. “怀有,持有”例如：Many people have doubts about the new project.许多人对这项新工程有怀疑。 3. “体验;经验;患”例如：We had a wonderful time on the beach.我们在海滩上玩得好极了。 4. “拿;得到,取得”例如：We gave him a present, but he wouldnt have it.我们给他一件礼物,但他不肯接受。 5. “进行,从事(某事)”例如：The manager is having a meeting.经理正在开会。 6. “吃;喝;吸(烟)”例如：Have a cup of coffee, please. 请喝杯咖啡。 7. “邀请(某人),招待”例如：We had some guests for dinner last night.我们昨晚请了几位客人吃饭。 8. “(用于否定句中)容忍;允许”例如：I wont have anyone smoking in here.我不容许任何人在这里抽烟。 9. “生得,生育”例如：My wife is going to have a baby.我妻子快要生孩子了。 10. “使,让;招致”例如：Pas had his hands burned. 爸的手给烫伤了。 11. “要;叫;使”例如：Ill be proud to have you read it.你肯读它我会感到骄傲的。 12. “必须,不得不+to-v”例如：I have to go right now. 我马上得走。 13. “明白,懂得”例如：I guess I have your ideas. 我想我明白你的意思。 同义词：own un a.自己的v. 拥有；承认复合词：behave biheiv vt.表现；举动以 ave 结尾的单词巧记cave n.洞；穴save v.救；拯救；节省；保留wave v.挥手；招手；示意；致意；飘扬；n.招手；波浪；起伏brave a.勇敢的grave n.坟墓；墓穴；a.严肃的；严重的；vt.雕刻；铭记shave v.剃；刮；修剪；n.胡子slave n.奴隶；苦工全脑联想速记：奴隶；苦工(slave)勇敢地(brave)向坟墓(grave)招手；示意(wave)并剃；刮；修剪(shave)拯救(save)洞；穴(cave)。高考真题解析：1、Dim lights and soft music are supposed to _a romantic atmosphere.A. produce B. take C. bring D. have答案：A题干意为：人们相信暗淡的灯光和柔和的音乐会营造出浪漫的氛围。A项produce此处用作及物动词，意引起，带来；产生，造成（=cause; lead to; result in; contribute; bring about）” 。例如：Hard work produces success.Gordens jokes produced a great deal of laughter.Their efforts produced no results.B项take 意为“取，拿”。C项 bring若改为bring about才可以表达“引起，带来”之意。D项have意为“有”，不是灯光和音乐本身有浪漫的氛围，而是它们可以引起，带来这种氛围，因此D项亦不可取。2、【2008 江西高考题】-Do you think we should accept that offer?-Yes, we should , for we _ such bad luck up tillnow , and time _ out.A. have had ；is runingB. had；is runningC. have ；has been runD. have had ; has been run3、Scientists are convinced the positiveeffect of laughter _ physical and mental health.A. of; at B. by; inC. of; on D. on; at答案&解析:2,A。up till now（迄今为止）常与现在完成时连用；而时间是“正在耗尽殆尽”，故应用现在进行时。3，C。8.that pron. 那，那个妙记；那个伞(t)形的帽子（that）.用法；This is Mr Brown and thatis Mr. Smith. 这位是布朗先生，那位是史密斯先生。II. adj. 那，那个.I know that boy over there. 我认识那边的那个男孩。 . conj. (无实际意义，用来引导名词性从句)：I believe (that)he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。(引导强调句型)It was here that I first met her. 我就是在这里和她初次见面的。IV adv，那样，那么He cant walk that far. 他走不 了那么远。短语归纳so. that. 如此.以至于.(such. that. )That is to say. 那就是说.Thats it. 就是那样的反义词：this isa.& pron.这；这个以-hat结尾的单词巧记：hat ht n.帽子chat tt vi.闲谈；聊天what hwt pron.& int.什么；a. 什么；多么以at结尾的单词巧记at t prep.在(时、方面、地点)bat bt n.球拍；蝙蝠cat kt n.猫 fat ft a.肥胖的；n.脂肪mat mt n.草席；垫子patpt v. & n.轻拍；rat rt n.老鼠；耗子全脑联想速记肥胖的(fat)猫(cat)在草席；垫子(mat)上一边和帽子（hat）闲谈；聊天（chat）着什么（what）,一边拿着球拍(bat)轻拍（pat）着耗子(rat)。高考真题解析The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from -spoken in England. (全国高考). A. Which B. that C. that D. the one解析： that指代不可数名词 English，the one只能代替可数名词。 答案：C-Could you tell me how to get to Vlctorial Street?-Victoria Street?- is where the Grand theatre is.(上海高考)A. Such B. There C. That D. This分析：句意：“你能告诉我怎么去维多利亚大街吗？“维 多 利 亚 大街？那是GrandlTheatre所在的地方。用 that 替代上文的Victoria Street 答案： C.It has been proved- eating vegetables in childhood helps to prbtect you against serious illnesses in later life.(辽宁高考)； A, if B. because C. when D. that分析： eating vcgetables in childhood helps to protect you against seriousillnesses in later life该句句首的 it表达同一概念，故it为形式主语，正的主语就是eating vegetables in childhood 。helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life，所以本题空格处用 that，that 引导的是主语从句。. 答案： D注意：that 用作连词时，可以引导三种从句：名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语句)，在宾语从句中 that 常可省略，其他从句 中 that常不省略与其他词连用，引导状从句：now that，so that，in order that等。引导定语从句，that 在定语从句中作主语【2005 北京春季高考题】Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago.A. where B. when C. that D. what【考题链接】- He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.- When was _? - _ was in 2000 when he was still in college.A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It【考题链接】Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories.A. that B. thoseC. any D. some【考题链接】The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.A. it B. those C. one D. that【考题链接】The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.A. which B. what C. that D. the one【考题链接】It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. this 【考题链接】It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. if B. because C. when D. that【考题链接】It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. how B. which C. that D. where【考题链接】It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. that B. how C. which D. when【考题链接】It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A. that B. when C. while D. as答案&解析：（1）C。farm是先行词，在定语从句中作visited的宾语。（2）A；（3）D；（4）C；（5）C ；（6）D；（7）C；（8）A；（9）A。9.he代词 pron. (主格)用法；1. 表示第三人称“他”例如：He is an engineer. 他是位工程师。 2. “任何人”例如：He who laughs last laughs best. 最后笑的人才笑得最开心。 3. “(用来指雄性动物或其他事物)他,它”名词 n. 1. “男孩;男人;雄性动物S1”例如：Is your dog a he or she? 你的狗是公的还是母的?真题解析have known each other for ten years.A) I, you and he B) He, you and I.C) You, he and I D) you, he and me.答案：C.英语中人称代词的先后顺序是你，他，我。也就是“you，he，I.9.for 代词 pron. (主格)妙记；叉子(f)是为了救魔球(o)的人（r）.用法；1. 表示第三人称“他”例如：He is an engineer. 他是位工程师。 2. “任何人”例如：He who laughs last laughs best. 最后笑的人才笑得最开心。 3. “(用来指雄性动物或其他事物)他,它”名词 n. 1. “男孩;男人;雄性动物S1”例如：Is your dog a he or she? 你的狗是公的还是母的?真题解析have known each other for ten years.A) I, you and he B) He, you and I.C) You, he and I D) you, he and me.答案：C.英语中人称代词的先后顺序是你，他，我。也就是“you，he，I.10.be 助词 v.aux. 用法；1.“ (与动词的现在分词连用,构成各种进行时态)正在.,在.”I wont be free this afternoon. Ill be seeing a friend off. 我今天下午没空,我要给朋友送行。 What were you doing from 9 to 11 this morning? 今天上午九点到十一点你在做什么? He is working. 他在工作。 2. “(与及物动词的过去分词连用,构成被动语态)被.”The problem was solved long ago. 问题早解决了。 It will be discussed tomorrow. 此事将在明天讨论。 3.“ (与动词不定式连用,表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等)应该做.,必须做 .;预定做.;会做.”The President is to visit Japan next week. 总统将于下周访问日本。 Youre to do your homework before you watch TV. 你应该做了功课再看电视。 不及物动词 vi. 1. “是”At that time he was the chair of the department. 当时他是系主任。 She is very young. 她非常年轻。 2.“ (表示时间、度、量、价值等)是;值;等于”The watch is 100 dollars. 这表值一百元。 3. “(常用祈使语气或不定式)要,得;成为;变成”Be quiet, please. 请安静。 4.“ (与there连用)有”There are a lot of