2014精神病学基础复习题.doc

2014精神病学基础复习题(答案在教材中)第一章1. The information-Processing Sequence in the Brain Is , , .2. 各种高级认知功能在大脑皮质都有明确定位。对， 错。3. 从神经科学角度看，眼见为实这句话是正确的。对， 错。4. 简述脑损伤阻碍兴奋或抑制指令后的行为改变。第二章1. Activation of sensory neurons by external stimuli generates .A. resting membrane potential B. Receptor potentials C. synaptic potentials D. action potentials E. peripheral potentials2. The velocity of conduction of the nerve action potential is increased because of the . A. chloride conductance B. sodium-potassium ATPase C. axon hillock D. voltage-sensitive potassium channels E. myelin sheath3. The neuron generates an action potential based on the postsynaptic potential at theA. Synapse B. Dendritic spines C. Cell body D. Axon hillock E. Node of Ranvier4. An Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP)A. Results from the influx of sodium ions. B. Depolarizes the cell.C. Can induce seizures. D. Hyperpolarizes the cell. E. Generates an action potential5. The cell responsible for myelin in the CNS isA. Astrocyte. B. Microglia. C. Schwann cell. D. Oligodendrocyte. E. Ependymal cell.6. Postsynaptic potentials are a type of A. receptor potential B. resting potential C. graded potential D. action potential E. digital event7. The cell which modulates electrochemical activity at the synapse isA. Astrocyte. B. Microglia. C. Schwann cell. D. Oligodendrocyte. E. Ependymal cell.8. Which of the following is true?A. Mg2+ is a common second messenger. B. Most monoamine receptors are fast receptors.C. Fast receptors typically lead to gene expression.D. Autoreceptors give negative feedback to the neuron.9. 按所需能量来源，神经细胞膜上的主动转运载体可分为几类 A2类 B. 3类 C. 4类 D. 5类 E. 6类10. In general, neurons are composed of four morphologically identified regions: (1) , (2) , (3) ,(4) .11. The Five Functions of Neurons are , , , , .12. The typical chemical synapse comprises a , a , and a .13. 突触囊包中存在的主要是神经肽。对， 错。14. 简述化学突触处的信号传递过程15. 有哪些可能的方式能影响神经细胞之间的信息传递？第三章1. Metabotropic receptors 又称为：A. G-protein-coupled receptors B. Enzyme-linked receptors C. Channel-linked receptors D. Intracellular receptorsE. ligand-gated ion channels2. Which of the following is not a second messenger? A. Ca2+ B. PKA C. IP3 D. cAMP E. DAG3、Neurons use many different second messengers as intracellular signals. The principal second messengers are , , , and .4. Well-characterized forms of chemical communication include , , .5. 神经系统内的受体类型有 ； ； ； 。第四章1. Blockade of dopamine receptors in the tuberoinfundibular tract results in the increased secretion of . A. prolactin B. substance P C. norepinephrine D. serotonin E. histamine.2. Most of the cell bodies for histamine neurons reside in theA. Medullary reticular formation. B. Raphe nuclei. C. Arcuate nucleus.D. Tuberomammillary nucleus.3. Which of the following statements about the neurotransmitters is accurate? A. The nigrostriatal tract is a serotonergic tract. B. Glutamate is an inhibitory amino acid. C. Phencyclidine (PCP) acts at the level of the GABA receptors. D. Acetylcholine is synthesized from the amino acid precursor tyrosine. E. Peptide neurotransmitters are made in the cell body of the neuron.4. Which neurotransmitter is degraded in the synaptic cleft? A. Acetylcholine B. Dopamine C. Serotonin D. Norepinephrine E. GABA5. In the biosynthesis of dopamine, the immediate precursor of dopamine is . A. Tyrosine B. Epinephrine C. Tryptophan D. DOPA E. Norepinephrine6. The two major enzymes involved in the metabolism of norepinephrine are and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). A. tyrosine hydroxylase B. dopamine-hydroxylase C. monoamine oxidase type A D. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase E. monoamine oxidase type B7. The noradrenergic neuron cell bodies are in the . A. dorsal raphe nuclei B. substantia nigra C. nucleus basalis of Meynert D. hypothalamus E. locus ceruleus 8. Serotonin is synthesized in the . A. dendrite B. cell body C. axon D. axonal terminal E. synaptic cleft9. Blockade which receptor can induce psychosis? A. GABAA B. Dopamine D2 C. mGluR2 D. AMPA E. NMDA10. A long-lasting depletion of norepinephrine and dopamine can be produced by administration ofA. Amphetamine B. Apomorphine C. Clonidine D. Haloperidol E. Reserpine 11. Excessive blockade of CNS cholinergic receptors causes A. 嗜睡 B. 谵妄 C. 兴奋 D. 强迫 E. 悲伤12. The leading neurochemical hypothesis for schizophrenia is A. Dopamine hypothesis B. Serotonin hypothesis C. Norepinephrine hypothesis D. Acetylcholine hypothesis E. GABA hypothesis13. The release of the neurotransmitter is directly governed by . A. Sodium influx B. Sodium efflux C. Potassium influx D. Potassium efflux E. Calcium influx14. To open chloride channels elicit . A. resting potential B. action potential C. excitatory postsynaptic potential D. inhibitory postsynaptic potential E. membrane potential 15. The enzyme required for the metabolism of acetylcholine is . A. choline acetyltransferase B. acetyl coenzyme A C. MAO D. COMT E. acetyl cholinesterase 16. Once synthesized, biogenic amine neurotransmitters are packaged into . A. synaptic cleft B. synaptic vesicle C. mitochondria D. postsynaptic neuron E. axon hillock 17. The dietary amino acid precursor of serotonin is . A. phenylalanine B. tryptophan C. tyrosine D. glycine E. neurotensin18. Which dopaminergic tract projects to most areas of the cerebral cortex? A. nigrostriatal tract B. tuberoinfundibular tract C. mesocortical tract D. mesolimbic tract E. medial forebrain tract19. The noradrenergic neuron cell bodies are in the . A. dorsal raphe nuclei B. substantia nigra C. nucleus basalis of Meynert D. hypothalamus E. locus ceruleus 20. In the biosynthesis of norepinephrine, the immediate precursor of norepinephrine is . A. Tyrosine B. Tyrosine hydroxylase C. DOPA D. Dopamine E. Epinephrine 21. Hyperpolarization of the neuron is governed by . A. Chloride and sodium B. Chloride and potassium C. Potassium and sodium D. Sodium and calcium E. Sodium only22. -Aminobutiric acid (GABA) is degraded by . A. GABA transporter B. GABA transaminase (GABA-T) C. monoamine oxidase (MAO) D. tryptophan hydroxylase D. glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)23. 谷氨酸的三种离子通道受体分别是 ， ， 。24. 多巴胺的主要解剖通路是 ； ； ； ；第五章1. Which brain structure may mediate learned fear responses, such as anxiety and panic, and may direct the expression of certain emotions. A. The hippocampal formation B. The mamillary bodies C. The amygdala D. The medial hypothalamus E. The anterior thalamic nucleus2. Which of the following constitutes the Papez circuit? A. Hippocampal formation mamillary bodies anterior thalamic nucleus prefrontal cortex hippocampal formation B. Hippocampal formation septal area hypothalamus hippocampal formation C. Hippocampal formation mamillary bodies anterior thalamic nucleus cingulate gyrus hippocampal formation D. Amygdala hippocampal formation mamillary bodies amygdala E. Prefrontal cortex hippocampal formation septal area medial hypothalamus prefrontal cortex3. 下列结构中哪一项不属于limbic system A. hippocampal formation and septal area B. cingulate gyrus and and insula C. amygdala and nucleus accumbens D. orbitofrontal cortex E. caudate nucleus and putamen4. 基底节运动环路中释放GABA作为神经递质的投射神经元位于下述哪个结构中 A. thalamus B. striatum C. substantia nigra D. cerebral cortex E. subthalamic nucleus5. 基底节运动环路间接通路的顺序是A. sensorimotor cortexstriatumglobus pallidus external divisionsubthalamic nucleusglobus pallidus internal divisionthalamus大脑皮质B. sensorimotor cortexthalamusglobus pallidus internal divisionsubthalamic nucleusglobus pallidus external divisionstriatum大脑皮质C.sensorimotor cortexsubthalamic nucleusglobus pallidus external divisionglobus pallidus internal divisionstriatumthalamus大脑皮质D. sensorimotor cortexglobus pallidus external divisionglobus pallidus internal divisionstriatumsubthalamic nucleusthalamus大脑皮质E. sensorimotor cortexsubstantia nigrastriatumglobus pallidus internal divisionsubthalamic nucleusthalamus大脑皮质6. 基底节运动环路中释放谷氨酸作为神经递质的投射神经元位于下述哪个结构中 A. striatum B. globus pallidus internal division C. substantia nigra D. subthalamic nucleus E. globus pallidus external division7. 基底节运动环路直接通路的顺序是A. sensorimotor cortexstriatumthalamusglobus pallidus internal division大脑皮质B. sensorimotor cortexglobus pallidus internal divisionstriatumthalamus大脑皮质C. sensorimotor cortexthalamusglobus pallidus internal divisionstriatum大脑皮质Dsensorimotor cortexglobus pallidus internal divisionthalamusstriatum大脑皮质Esensorimotor cortexstriatumglobus pallidus internal divisionthalamus大脑皮质8. 语言处理涉及的神经网络皮质下结构是 A. Striatum B. Mamillary bodies C. Amygdala D. Hypothalamus E. Hippocampus9. A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by emergency medical personnel after an automobile collision. CT shows bilateral damage to the temporal pole and the uncus. Which of the following structures is also most likely damaged in this patient? A. Amygdaloid complex B. Anterior thalamic nucleus C. Cingulum D. Insula E. Hippocampal formation名词解释：伏隔核（Nucleus Accumbens） 杏仁核（Amygdala）(形态、位置和主要功能)第六章填空Functional designationNeuroanatomic areaBrodmann areaprimary sensory cortexpostcentral gyrus of the parietal lobecalcarine gyrus of the occipital lobe17primary somatosensory association areas5, 7secondary visual association cortexSurrounds area 17primary auditory cortextransverse gyri of Heschi of the temporal lobeauditory association cortex22Primary Gustatory Cortexparietal operculum, ventral to the primary somesthetic areaprimary motor cortex4Wernickes areaposterior part of the superior temporal gyrus; parietooccipitotemporal junction areaBrocas area of speechinferior frontal gyrus1. The pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex gray matter reside predominantly in which layers?A. I and III. B. II and IV. C. III and V. D. IV and VI. E. I and VI 2. Lesions of the medial (also ventromedial) PFC are associated withA. Paucity of spontaneous behaviorapathetic. B. Disorganized cognitive function.C. Concrete thinking. D. Poor impulse control.3. The output from the primary visual cortex follows two pathways: a to the occipitoparieral cortex and a to the occipitotemporal cortex .4. A 35-year-old man suffered a stroke that did not cause paralysis. However, he discovered that he was unable to perform complex learned movements. The region of the cerebral cortex most likely affected by the stroke was the:A. Precentral gyrus B. Postcentral gyrus C. Premotor cortexD. Temporal neocortex E. Prefrontal cortex5. 简答题：感觉性失语和运动性失语的主要鉴别点（损伤位置，主要临床表现）第七章1. The life cycle of a neuron does not include . A. cell birth B. migration to the adult position C. extension of an axon D. elaboration of dendrites E. modification of membrane potential2. In neuronal development and modulation, the neuron develops following a specific sequence of steps. Which of the following is the correct order for neuronal growth? A. Differentiation, proliferation, migration, synapse formation, dendritic arborization, synapse refinement.B. Migration, differentiation, proliferation, dendritic arborization, synapse formation, synapse refinement.C. Differentiation, dendritic arborization, proliferation, migration, synapse formation, synapse refinement.D. Proliferation, differentiation, migration, dendritic arborization, synapse formation, synapse refinement.E. Proliferation, migration, differentiation, dendritic arborization, synapse formation, synapse refinement.名词解释： 关键期简答题：神经发育与精神疾病的关系第八章1. In adult human, life-long neurogenesis occurs in A. Amygdala B. Hippocampus C. Thalamus D. Globus pallidus E. Nucleus accumbens 2. The beneficial effects of expression of neural plasticity can be divided into three main groups: . ， 。3. The promoters which may cause expression of neural plasticity include , .4. 脑神经网络中，功能环路与解剖环路一致。对， 错。名词解释：脑可塑性简答题：促进神经元再生的行为和环境因素有哪些第九章1. Working memory is defined as the ability to store information for , while other related cognitive operations take place on this information. A. several seconds to minutes; B. several minutes to hours; C. several hours to days D. several days to weeks E. several weeks to years2. Which brain structure is critical to the formation of declarative memory? A. The medial temporal lobe B. The basal forebrain C. The diencephalons D. The basal g