argument写作.doc

逻辑, 根据历年总结的GRE高频题开始练习写作。写作具体时间不限，字数必须达到350字以上在写作过程中可以边参考模板，也可以边参考词典使用词汇。但是每篇的写作时间不能超过150分钟。一:147.The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months. 尽管Whirlwind游戏公司的游戏销量在过去两年中下降了，最近一次对于电子游戏玩家的调查显示这种销售趋势可能会逆转。该调查询问游戏玩家对于一个游戏来说他们所认为的最重要特征是什么。根据调查结果，玩家倾向于那些需要最先进的电脑的，具有活灵活现图象的游戏。Whirlwind刚刚面向1025岁的人群开展了大力的广告活动来推广若干此类游戏，1025岁是最喜欢玩游戏的年龄层。这说明Whirlwind公司的游戏销量将会在未来几个月中猛增。147.Whirlwind video games 论断：WW今后几个月的销售可能会急聚上升。因为一份对电视游戏玩家的调查显示，它的销售趋势会转变。这份调查问玩家们认为游戏的什么特点最重要，他们偏向有生动动画的游戏，这种游戏需要最新的电脑技术。WW刚刚用大规模广告向10到25岁的人群推出了几种这样的游戏，这个年纪的人群最可能玩电游。 前提：关于10到25岁最可能玩电游，没有数字，没有根据，是瞎猜的。 WV会卖得好，虽然玩家们认为这是最重要的特点，但并不表示生动了他们就一定买。因为游戏还有其他特点，比如类型、是否刺激、主题等。如果光有技术，思想不足，也不一定卖得好。而且他没有说用的什么技术，我们无法认同是否存在判断失误。 论据：广告针对10-25岁人群，但调查不是，这两者可能存在偏差。 结论：尽管WV吸引人，可能经济萧条，或整个市场不好。According to the author, the conclusion is based on a study revealing that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months. Beacuse a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend which the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. So the author made the conclution.But from my view, where are some problems in the word. Frist , we have no proofs to prove that people who are 10 to 25 are most likely to play video games. This has any number or survey. So we cant believe it. Second, although players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers, this doesnt say people will buy games like this. Except technology, players also take care of other parts, such as theme, types and so on.To sum up, the authors belief that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months is ill-founded. The company should do more investigation to make sure their product will sell well. 17.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaperWalnut Groves town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABCs fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ. EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. Moreover, EZ-which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks-has ordered additional trucks. Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last years town survey agreed that they were satisfied with EZs performance. Walnut Grove的市委提议选择ABC Waste，而不是EZ Disposal（它是过去十年中和Walnut Grove签约提供垃圾收集服务的机构），因为EZ最近把他们每月的收费从$2000提高到了$2500，而ABC仍然是$2000。但市委是错误的，我们应该继续使用EZ。EZ每周收集两次垃圾，而ABC只收集一次。而且，EZ当前的卡车拥有量和ABC一样都是20辆，但它已定购了更多的车辆。最后，EZ还提供优越的服务：去年市镇调查中80的回应者同意他们对于EZ的表现是满意的。In this argument, the arguer concludes that we should continue using EZ (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) To support the conclusion, the arguer point out that EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. in addition, the arguer reasons that EZ-which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks-has ordered additional trucks and EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last years town survey agreed that they were satisfied with EZs performance. “At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat appealing, but a close scrutiny reveals that it omits some significant concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.The arguer refer that ABC Waste cant provide satisfying service. But the arguer didnt give enough to prove his opinion, so this talking point isnt fair. From the article, arguer didnt mention some important information except ABC Waste will collects trash once a week. Because of people use EZ in last decade and we dont understand ABC Waste well. So we need to know some other messages, such as ABC wastes service log, their credit and technology and so on, and then we can make judgment. Owing to EZs raising its monthly fee, its not bad to attempt ABC Waste which is cheaper. Farther more, the arguer mention that EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. But we cant make sure that collecting trash once a week isnt enough, and twice a week probably is a kind of waste. Besides the judgments refer EZ has a fleet of 20 trucks so they provides exceptional service. There are no any relationship between trucks and new service. Because we have no proof to prove that new trucks will put in collecting trash. Last but not least, the investigation didnt detail; we dont know how the investigation is made, whether match science knowledge. So authors line of reasoning is flawedTo sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To solidify the argument, the arguer should provide more information to make people understand EZ better. In addition, the arguer should have to rule out the abovementioned possibilities that would determine the arguers claim. 51.The following appeared in a medical newsletter. ”Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. 医生长期以来怀疑严重肌肉扭伤后的二次感染妨碍了一些患者迅速康复。这一假说现在被一项对两组患者的研究的初步结果所证实。第一组患者全部由专攻运动医学的Dr. Newland治疗肌肉损伤，他们在疗程中经常服用抗生素。他们的康复期平均比通常预期的快40。第二组患者由综合医师Dr. Alton治疗，他们被给予糖丸，而患者相信他们在服用抗生素。他们的平均康复时间没有明显缩短。因此，任何被确诊为肌肉损伤的患者应被建议服用抗生素作为辅助治疗。In this argument, the arguer claims that all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. To support the conclusion, the arguer point out that Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat appealing, but a close scrutiny reveals that it omits some significant concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.Arguer quote a set of research to prove his view. But in the research, arguer didnt provide any material about two group of patients. Their age, sexuality and other features. Maybe patients who took antibiotics have stronger body, and the other group patients may have weaker body. We cant make conclusion that antibiotics can help patents recover faster. Apart from this, the two doctors will also effect patients recover speed. In the second group, patients eat sugar pills, there are no information to certify that sugar pills cant effect patients retrieve. So the research between two groups cant prove that antibiotics can help patents retrieve. Due to secondary infections may keep somepatients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. So arguer believe antibiotics which can disinfect will help patients healing quickly. Maybe there are some other reason infect patients healing except for secondary infections. Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his idea should not be adopted. If he wishes his idea to be of any value, he has to take the following condition into consideration. To reinforce persuasion the arguer should give readers data about secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly in detail. And he had better make sure that under same doctor, same disease, same patients and some other same circumstances antibiotics will help patients recover quickly. 2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven AcresSeven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the communitys yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting. 七年前，附近的Brookville社区的业主实施了一系列关于该社区的庭院应如何布置以及房屋应涂何种颜色的规定。从那以后，Brookville的地产平均价格翻了三番。为使Deerhaven Acres的地产升值，我们也应该对于景观和房屋涂色实施自己的规定。In this argument, the arguer claims that we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and house painting in order to raise property values in Deer haven Acres. To justify his view, the author cites the fact that homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the communitys yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted and average property values have tripled in Brookville since then. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat appealing, but a close scrutiny reveals that it omits some significant concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.First of all, the author uses others experience. Although these two places are apart not far, we should doubt whether Brookvilles experience can be used in Acres. The arguer didnt mention these two places differences and similarities, such as traffic, residents, customs and so on. So the authors conclusion is too rough.In the second place, even though average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deer haven Acres we cant determine that this phenomena owing to restrictions on landscaping and house painting. There are many other reasons in raising property values in the seven years. Perhaps Brookville have more transport facilities, local business developed, or homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted some other measures to increase its attraction. Therefore the authors conclusion was too lopsided.Furthermore, people have their own individual character, if the owners adopt restricting on landscaping and house painting, some people maybe terrified by the sight of provision. And same outward appearance may not always approve of everyone. So owners should make more investigates.To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To solidify the argument, they should make more investigation and ask residents ideas, then owners can make a good choice. 47.Scientists studying historical weather patterns have discovered that in the mid-sixth century, Earth suddenly became significantly cooler. Although few historical records survive from that time, some accounts found both in Asia and Europe mention a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. Either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with Earth could have created a large dust cloud throughout Earths atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures significantly. A large meteorite collision, however, would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. Some surviving Asian historical records of the time, however, mention a loud boom that would be consistent with a volcanic eruption. Therefore, the cooling was probably caused by a volcanic eruption. 研究历史上气候变化的学者发现在六世纪中叶，地球突然变冷了很多。尽管那个时期很少有历史记录被保存下来，一些在亚洲和欧洲所发现的记录提到了太阳变暗和极度的寒冷。要么是巨大的火山喷发，要么是撞击地球的大型小行星导致地球大气形成一大片尘埃云层，这阻止了一定的阳光导致全球温度显著下降。然而，大型小行星的撞击可能产生突然的强闪光，而现存的那时的历史记录中没有提到过这样的闪光。然而那时遗留下来的一些亚洲历史纪录提到过与一次火山喷发相一致的巨大隆隆声。因此，那时的温度下降多半是火山喷发导致的。In this argument, the arguer claims that n the mid-sixth century Earth becoming significantly cooler was probably caused by a volcanic eruption. To justify his view, the author cites the fact that according to some accounts, both in Asia and Europe mention a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. Either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with Earth could have created a large dust cloud throughout Earths atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures significantly. A large meteorite collision would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. Some surviving Asian historical records of the time, however, mention a loud boom that would be consistent with a volcanic eruption. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat appealing, but a close scrutiny reveals that it omits some significant concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.First of all, the arguers judgment was depended on that a loud boom in Asia came from volcanic eruption. But there are not any material mentioned to prove that the loud boom owing to volcanic eruption. So authors opinion was not trusty.In the second place, the judgments premise was that there wasnt a large meteorite collision. From the argument, the reason wasnt established. Above all, author only mentioned that there werent records, but we cant get rid of people dont find the records yet. And he says a large meteorite collision would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. Can we see the flash in everyplace? Maybe there were flashes but at that time people didnt see the flash.Furthermore, the judgment quoted a loud boom, we cant confirm that the loud boom related to a volcanic eruption. and we dont know the booms time. If it happened later than the cooling, there was no any relationship between them. In that case, the data was too tough.To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To solidify the argument, the author should provide particular data about volcanic eruption. and make sure there arent other reasons about the cooling. 140.The following appeared in a report of the Committee on Faculty Promotions and Salaries at Elm City University.During her seventeen years as a professor of botany, Professor Thomas has proved herself to be well worth her annual salary of $50,000. Her classes are among the largest at the university, demonstrating her popularity among students. Moreover, the money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years. Therefore, in consideration of Professor Thomas demonstrated teaching and research abilities, we recommend that she receive a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson; without such a raise and promotion, we fear that Professor Thomas will leave Elm City University for another college. 在Thomas教授作为植物学教授的17年里，她证明了自己确实是值50000元年薪的。她的班级是本校最大的班级之一，这说明她在学生中间的受欢迎度。而且，她给学校带来的研究捐助在过去两年中都超过了她的年薪。因此，鉴于Thomas教授已被证实的教学和研究能力，我们建议将她的年薪增加10000元，并提升为系主任；如果没有这些加薪和提升，我们担心Thomas教授将会离开Elm City大学到别的学校就职。In this argument, the arguer claims that school recommends that Professor Thomas receive a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson to justify his view, the author cites the fact that her classes are among the largest at the university, demonstrating her popularity among students. Moreover, the money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat ap