中考英语短文填空题答题指导.docx

中考英语短文填空题答题指导一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。二、短文填空解题思路1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。三、做短文填空题的注意之处1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免只见树木，不见森林的错误。2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。四、短文填空实战训练No. 01 Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone anywhere in the world without putting a stamp on it? W_(1) e-mail you can just do that. Using a c_(2) you can send e-mail quickly and easily. The post is much s_(3) than e-mail. E-mail can send i_(4) message to the other side of the world in seconds. E-mail is easy to use and it s_(5) time and money. The differences in time in different parts of the world do not matter w_(5) sending e-mail. It is twenty-four-hour service(服务) that you can send an e-mail at any time of the day or n_(6). No one has to be t_(7) to receive e-mail. It d_(8) matter if your friends are in bed when you send an e-mail to them, or you are seeing a f_(10) at the cinema when they send an e-mail back.【答案与解析】通读全文，我们可以知道这是一篇介绍发送电子邮件的短文。1. 由上下文可知，此处应填介词With，意为使用e-mail。2. 发送e-mail，一定要使用电脑，所以应填 computer。3. 通过阅读上下文及本句可知，此处应填形容词的比较级 slower。4. 根据句意可知，e-mail 应发它的信息，所以填its。5. 根据上下文可知发送电子邮件可以节省时间和钱，所以填saves。6. 此处意为世界上不同的时间、不同的地区对于何时发送e-mail没关系，所以应填when。7. 此处应填night，与day 相对应。8. 根据上文可知不需要有人在那儿接收电子邮件，所以应填there。9. 根据句意及句子结构可知应填doesnt。10. 在电影院里，应该是看电影，所以填film。No. 02根据短文内容填入适当的单词，使短文的意思完整，每格限填写一个英语单词，要求开头第一个字母与所给的字母相同。All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not m_(1) the same thing to e_(2). In different countries people have very different i_(3) about drinking tea.In China people always have tea t_(4) with their friends. They may drink tea at any time of the day. They only put tea leaves in their cups. They p_(5) the tea with n_(6) else in it.Tea is also i_(7) in Japan. It is very p_(8) there. People drink tea every day. But they have it in a way different from that in China.In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m_(9). They usually use tea bags to make their tea. Making tea with bags is faster and e_(10) than making it with tea leaves in teapots.【答案与解析】本题属于限词填空题。解题时先跳过空格，通读全文。根据首句的意思，很快就能推测出本文的主题是关于茶文化的问题，不同的国家喝茶的时间和方式各不相同。理清文章的脉络和大意后再认真复读短文，利用空格所给的首字母提示，结合上、下文的内容，先确定所填词的意义，再考虑其正确的形式。比如第4空所在的句子，其内容是：在中国人们总是和朋友(一起)喝茶。根据句子意思加上空格上所给首字母t的提示，很容易判定所填的词为together。再比如第7空和第8空所在的两个句子，讲的是日本人喝茶的情况。根据后面的句子日本人每天都喝茶，可以反推茶在日本既重要又普及，再根据这两空所给的首字母i和p的提示，可以确定该填的词为important和popular。第9空填入meal时应考虑其复数形式。第十空填入easy时要考虑用其比较级，因为空格后有than，提示了这是一个比较等级的句子。本题正确答案为：(1) mean (2)everyone (3)ideas (4)together (5)prefe (6)nothing (7)important (8) popular (9)meals (10)easier。最后将完成后的短文再细读一遍，检查上下文是否顺理成章，所填词是否正确无误。No. 03阅读下面的短文，根据每个空格中所给的词首字母填入适当的词，使短文意思完整。While traveling in Russia. Ed Jackson ran short of (缺少) money. So he wrote t_(1) his brother, asking for $ 500. Send the m_(2) by telegram (电报) to the bank (银行) here. he wrote. After a week Ed began v_ (3) the bank. He s_(4) his passport (护照)to the bank clerk (职员). Nothing has come for you, Mr Jackson. he was told.This went o_(5) for three weeks, and Mr Jackson got very w _ (6), he phoned his brother, asking w_(7) the money was. The brother said it had been sent three weeksb_(8). That evening Ed Jackson was arrested (被捕) for failing to p_(9) his hotel bill (帐单). He tried to tell the police what his problem was, but no one would believe him. At last he was s_(10) to the police station for fifteen days.【答案与解析】1. to。 write to sb. 表示给某人写信。2. money。 前面有asking for $ 500，后面有to the bank。3. visiting。 在这里visiting意思是到、去的意思。4. sh