小学英语介词整理(循序渐进地讲解和练习).doc

小学英语新标准外研版第七册介词整理1. in in+place 在某地e.g. 1) My mother is in the room. 我妈妈在房间里。 2) This is my address in China. 这是我在中国的地址。 in the/a/an sth 在某物里/上e.g. 1) There are 191 flags in the UN. 在联合国有191面国旗。 2) There is a snake in the box. 在盒子里有一条蛇。 3) There are lots of birds in the tree. 在树上有许多鸟。 in the+季节/早、中、晚 在时候e.g. 1) Bears sleep in the winter. 熊冬眠。 2) I usually get up at 5:00 in the morning. 我通常早5点起床。 3) Mr Wang likes working on the computer in the evening. 王先生喜欢在晚上用电脑工作。 in+年/月 在年/月e.g. 1) I studied in Qiqihar in 1998. 98年我在齐齐哈尔学习。 2) Laura lived in Shanghai in 2008. 08年Laura住在上海。 in +一段时间 在以内；过之久e.g. 1) I think I will learn English well in three months. But its impossible/Im5p2sEbl/. 我认为我在三个月内就能学好英语。但是不可能。 2) We all will study in Fuyu in half a year. 过半年我们都将在富裕学习了。 in+语言 用语 e.g. 1) Can you write an email in English? 你会用英语写电子邮件吗？ 2) Whats that in Chinese? 用中文说那是什么？ in+服装/颜色 穿服装，穿颜色的服装e.g. 1) Lily is in a skirt. Lily穿了一个短裙。（表状态） 2) The girl in red is Lucy. 穿红衣服的那个女孩儿是Lucy。 in line 成一条直线e.g. 1) Please stand in line. 请排队。练习一：翻译下列句子1. Dont talk in the library.2. My pen pal is in England.3. We fly kites in the park in the spring.4. Theres a Chinatown in New York.5. An old owl lives in a tree.6. Theres a picture book in this photo.7. Can you write stories in Japanese.8. 请排队！9. I learned computer in 2002.10. Do you know the boy in white.2. at at school/home 在家/学校 at night 在晚上 at+点钟 在点e.g. 1) Today Mike is at school, but yesterday he was at home. 今天Mike在学校，但是昨天他在家。 2) Its not good to talk with others frequently/5fri:kwEntli/ in QQ at night. 晚上总和别人用QQ聊天是不好的。 3) Are you free at 9:00 this morning? 今儿早9点你有空吗？ at the party/meeting 参加聚会；出席会议e.g. 1) Last night Eve was at the party in Lilys home. 昨晚Eve在Lily家参加聚会了。 2) Sorry. Im at the meeting now. 对不起，现在我正在开会。 at work 在工作 at peace 处于和平状态e.g. 1) Be quiet, please. Mr Wang is at work. 请安静！王先生正在工作。 2) Its at peace all around the world. We should cherish/5tFerIF/ todays happy life. 现在全世界都处于和平状态。我们应珍惜今天的幸福生活。 be good(clever) at 擅长e.g. 1) Im good at English and computer. 我擅长英语和电脑。 2) Zhou Shuang is clever at Math. 周爽擅长数学。练习二：英汉互译1. Were you at school last Friday?2. Do you get up at 5:30 every day?3. Just wait a moment. Ms Li is at the meeting.4. Max is at work from Monday to Sunday.5. Now our motherland is at peace.6. What are you good at? Im good at basketball. What is Li Jiaxin clever at? Hes clever at basketball, too.3. on on a/an/the +sth 在某物上e.g. 1) Theres a glass on the desk. 在桌上有一个玻璃杯。 2) I can see a map on the wall. 在墙上我能看到一张地图。 3) There are many trees on the hill. 在山上有许多树。on +节日/星期（等表示具体某一天的单词） 在某一天e.g. 1) What do you always do on Flag Day? 在国旗日你总做什么？ 2) Sam usually goes shopping on Saturday afternoon. 在周六下午Sam通常去购物。 on duty 当班、值日 on foot 步行e.g. 1) Whos on duty today? 今天谁当班/值日？ 2) Sometimes I go to work on foot, but I often by motorbike. 有时我步行上班，但是我经常骑摩托。on TV/radio/computer 在电视上/广播上/电脑上 on the Internet 在网上e.g. 1) We can learn English on TV or on radio. 我们可以通过电视或广播学英语。 2) I always solve /s2lv/ my math problem/5pr2blEm/ on the computer. 我总用电脑解决数学题。 3) We can find a lot of news on the Internet. 我们能在网上发现许多新闻。ride on a +交通工具 乘 Go straight on. 直走。e.g. 1) How do we go to the library? I want to ride on a bus. 我们怎么去图书馆？ 我想乘公共汽车。 2) How can I get to the library, please? Go straight on. 请问我怎么才能到图书馆？ 直走。练习三：互译1. What can you see on the chair?2. What does Amy often do on Thanksgiving?3. Mr Wang never plays computer games on weekends.4. Mike and Kate are on duty today.5. I like going to work on foot. But time is limited/5lImItId/(有限), I have to(不得不) ride on my motorbike.6. Do you like watching sport on TV?7. Mr So-so worked on the computer for the whole(=all the) evening on Friday.4. with with sb 和一起e.g. 1) He is in New York with his cousin. 他和他的表兄弟正在纽约。 2) Would you like us go with you? 你愿意我们和你一起去吗？with+工具 用工具e.g. 1) Im writing a letter with a pen. 我正在使用钢笔写信。 2) Rose is eating with a knife and fork. Rose正在用刀叉吃东西。 play with+无生命的物 玩 talk with sb 和谈话/聊天e.g. 1) Look! Kate is playing with a doll. 看！Kate正在玩儿洋娃娃。 2) Ms Smart is talking with Amy and Sam. Ms Smart正和Amy and Sam谈话。 with+形容词+身体部位 带着.; 有.的e.g. 1) The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我同学。 2) The man with a big nose is Mr Smart. 那个大鼻子的男人是Mr Smart。 with + 与主语一致的代词宾格 在.身边,在.身上e.g. 1) He had a gun with him. 他带了枪。 2) I have no money with me. 我身边没有钱。练习四：英汉互译1. Mike is playing basketball with Zhang Yilong.2. Jack正在玩儿一个玩具火车。3. Who is talking with Simon?4. Sam正在使用一副刀叉吃东西。5. My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks.6. We all live with our parents.7. The woman with a book in her hand is my teacher.8. Jack had a mobile phone with him.9. The boy with a long face and big ears is Simon.10. The woman with a round face and short hair is Ms Smart.5. aboutabout + sb/sth 关于某人/某物e.g. 1) Tell me more about the Great Wall. 告诉我更多关于长城的信息。 2) Lilys got a book about America. Lily有一本关于美国的书。 3) Tell me something about Miss Li. 告诉我一些关于Miss Li的事儿。 about + 数字/时间 大约e.g. 1) Shanghais got about 17 million people. 上海大约有1700万人。 2) Its about six oclock now. 现在大约6点。 How/What about 怎么样 talk about 讨论e.g. 1) What about going there by bike? 骑车子去那儿怎么样？ 2) How about some juice? 喝些果汁儿怎么样？ 3) Dont talk about other things in class! 不要在课上讨论其他事情。练习五：英汉互译1. About a week or so.2. How about some lunch?3. Mr Wang thinks about teaching all the time.4. Tell us all about your stories.5. We always talk about learning, learning, learning.6. The Great Wall is about six thousand seven hundred km.6. of of sb/sth 某人/某物的e.g. 1) Its a photo of Lily. 它是Lily的一张照片。（相中人物是Lily） 2) Theres a map of Mexico on the wall. 墙上有一张墨西哥的地图。 of+名词复数 之中e.g. 1) Of all the students in this class, Tom is the best. 在这个班所有学生中，Tom是最好的。 2) Of the two girls, Laura is the older. 在这两个女孩儿中，Laura比较大。 用于一些固定词组中e.g. 1) Mike is making a list of things to do. Mike正在做一份要做事情的清单。 2) Why is the snake coming out of the box? 蛇为什么从盒子里出来？ 3) Actually/5AktFJEli/ weve got lots of things to do today. Dont put off till tomorrow.其实今天我们有许多事情要做。不要拖到明天去做。 4) Cinderella/7sIndE5relE/ does all of the work. 所有的事都得要灰姑娘做。 5) He came to New York at the age of ten. 他在十岁时来到纽约。 of后必须接名词性物主代词 某人中的一个e.g. 1) Tom is a friend of mine. Tom是我的一个朋友。（许多朋友中的一个，mine=my friends） 2) Lily showed me a lot of photos of hers. Lily给我看了她的许多照片。 3) Its a picture of Lilys. 它是一张Lily的照片。（照片归Lily所有，相中人物是谁未知）练习六：英汉互译1. Can you see a map of the world?2. Of all the boys in Class Two, Jack is the strongest.3. Can you make a list of food we like eating?4. Come out of the classroom! I have seen you.5. All of the water is dirty. Go and get some clean water. 6. Im a friend of hers.7. Ive got a photo of Mike. But its not a photo of Mikes. Its mine. 8. One of the legs of the table is broken. 9. Mr. Brown is a friend of mine. 7. fromfrom+ sth/ place /sb 来自某物/某地/某人e.g. 1) These stamps are from Lucys letter. 这些邮票来自Lucy的信。 2) Lily comes from America. Lily来自美国。 3) This letter is from your mother. 这封信来自你妈妈。 from sb/sth/some time 从开始e.g. 1) Please say the numbers from zero. 请从零开始说出这些数字。 2) She is singing from morning to night. 她从早到晚都在唱歌。 3) Boys and girls. Please give me a good answer from Tom. 孩子们，请从Tom开始给我一个好答案。练习七：互译1. Those postcards are from Canada.2. Theres a letter from Mary.3. Max goes to school from Monday to Friday.4. Boys! Come here and count the new books from Mike.5. The sky slowly changed from blue to red.6. Where do you come from? 7. Where does Mike come from?8. for for sb 给某人e.g. 1) Is there a letter for me? 有没有给我的信？ 2)There is an orange for you. 有一个橘子给你。 for sb 为某人e.g. 1) I sometimes clean the blackboard for my teacher. 有时我为老师擦黑板。 2)We thank you for our food, family and friends. 我们为我们的食物、家人和朋友而感谢。 for+一段时间 持续时间（for不翻译）e.g. 1) Pandas eat for twelve hours a day. 熊猫一天吃十二小时。 2) And for a long time, I believed them. 很长一段时间，我都相信了他们。 Its +形容词+for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是的。e.g. 1) Its good for us to learn the computer. 2) Its bad for us to play too much computer games. 用于一些固定说法中e.g. 1) I want to go for a walk. (go for a walk:去散步) 2) Thank you for your help. (thank sb for sth: 为某事谢某人) 3) What do you have for lunch? (for+三餐) 4) Asking for the bus at the bus stop. (ask for sth:询问/请求/找) 5) I am waiting for Tom at the bus stop. (wait for sb:等待某人) 6) Lily is looking for her pen.(look for:寻找)练习八：互译1. What can I do for you?2. We have studied English for years.3. Is that apple for Laura?4. Could you get some juice for Miss Smart?5. Why not go for a walk?6. Thank you for your dinner.7. We have some sandwiches and eggs for dinner every day.9. toto经常用于如下词组中：e.g. 1) Listen to me carefully. (listen to sb/sth: 听某人说/某物说) 2) Dont speak to Amy. (speak to sb: 和某人说话) 3) Im writing to Sam. (write to sb:给某人写信) 4) I want to play chess. (want to do sth:想做某事) 5) Lets go to Chinatown. (go to +place: 去某地) 6) Pleased/ Nice to meet you. (见到你很高兴) 7) From 9:00 to 11:00. (fromto：从到) 8) Laura is sending a postcard to me. (send sth to sb: 给某人发某物) 10) They want to bring peace to the world. (bring sth to sb: 给某人带来什么) 11) Please show your passport to me. (show sth to sb: 给某人看某物) 12) Please pass the bag to Mike. (pass sth to sb: 把某东西传给某人) 13) Please give the book to Tom. (give sth to sb:把某东西给某人) 14) Its ten to nine. (分钟+to+点钟：差分钟到几点)10. under near behind before after by e.g. 1) Theres a cat under the chair. (椅子下有一只猫。) 2) I can see a map of world near the window. (在窗户旁边我看见一张世界地图) 3) There is a road behind my house. (我家房后有一条公路) 4) We usually eat soup before we eat. (我们吃饭之前通常喝汤) 5) Im very busy before 9:00. (九点前我非常忙) 6) Mr Smart went for a walk after breakfast. (早饭后Mr Samrt去散步了) 7) I went to bed after 10:00 at night. (晚上十点后我就睡觉了) 8) Last year, we went to New York by ship. (去年，我们乘轮船去的纽约) 9) We will go to work by bus. (我们将要乘公共汽车去上班)介词总练习一填上适当的介词。1.Tom often gets up _six _Saturday morning.2.Do you like mooncakes _meat _them?3.Now the students go to school _Monday_Friday.4.There is a big market_ the end of the road.5.Is your brother _, Kate? Yes, he is _home.6.Listen _me first, then read _me.7.Can yoiu lend your new bike _ me?8.Mrs Green will take the class instead _him.9.Dont worry, Xiao Wang will help us _ our maths.10.Please turn _Page 20.11.Do you go to school _bus or _ foot.12.My mother is waiting _the bus _the bus stop _line.13.Kate is busy _her homework. _ that shell go shopping.14.The ground in the north of China is covered _snow in winter.15.Dont forget to wash hands _ meals.16._ these words the tiger jumped into the river.17.Mike came to China _ March, 1993. He has been in China _7 years.18.My father is very strict _his work.19.They left Guangzhou _ Beijing_the afternoon of July 5 th.20.A plane is flying _the river and a ship is going_the bridge.21.China is one _the biggest countries _ the world.22.Dont stand _ Miss Li and Miss Wang, stand _ the students, please.23.I prefer fruit _beef. Miss Zhou agrees _me.24.You should try your best to study hard and catch up _the others.25.He cant finish the work _your help.26.Its very kind _you to carry the box _me.27.Dont play _fire. Its very dangerous.28.The students _old clothes will go to the farm.二选择。1.Whats the matter _you? There is something wrong _my head.A.about,with B.for,about C.wiht, with D.about,on2.English is widely used _business _ the business people.A.in, by B.for, by C.by, by D.by, for3._ a book _his hand, Mr Zhao walked into the classroom.A.By, in B.With, on C.By, on D.With, in4._a few years time, many tall buidings will be built.A.After B.In C.For D.With5.What does a boat look _?A.like B.at C.for D.after6.He is getting on well _ his neighbours.A.for B.to C.by D.with7.I havent heard _ my sister _last Sunday.A.of, for B.to, in C.from, since D.about, on8.He spent twenty years _ the book.A.at B.on C.in D.with9.There is a small house _ the foot of the mountain. A.on B.at C.with D.for10.That happened _ a cold winter morning. A.on B.in C.at D.by11.He came _ and took _ his coat. A.in, off B.to, of C.on, of D.in, to12.Some animals sleep _ the day and wake up _night. A.in, by B.in, at