中考英语复习--重点词语辨析.doc

imagine的用法imagine一般用作及物动词，意为“想象，设想，料想”，但是在具体用法上，却不能凭空想象，主观臆断去想当然，一定要特别注意其常用的五个句型。1.imaginesth.如：Wecannotimaginelifewithoutanyhardships.我们不能想象没有任何坎坷的生活。Icanimaginethesceneclearlyinmymind.我仍然能很清晰地想象此番情景。2.imaginesb.+n.如：Ionceimaginedhimathintallman.我曾以为他是个高高的瘦瘦的人。Shealwaysimagineitaneasything.她总是设想这事轻而易举。3.imaginesb/sth.(tobe)例如：Pleaseimagineyourself(tobe)inthecustomersposition.请设身处地为顾客着想。Theboyimaginedhimself(tobe)apilot.那男孩子喜欢想象自己是一个飞行员。4.imaginedoingsth.如：Icantimaginemyselfteachinginfrontofthatmanypeople.我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教书。CanyouimagineTomscookingthedinnerhimself?你能想象汤姆居然亲自下厨做饭？imagine+ 从句如：Mr.Smithcouldntimaginewhathadhappenedatall.史密斯不能想到发生了什么事。Iimagine(that)youareverytired.我猜想你已经很累了吧。Justimaginehowhappyshewasatthattime!试想一下，她那时有多幸福啊。imagine指没有充分证据或单凭某种模糊印象和感觉而设想、推断。它跟guess一样，都是缺乏证据的。其后可接名词、v-ing的复合宾语、从句，还可与as连用。如：Wecanhardlyimaginelifewithoutelectricity我们简直无法想象没有电的生活会怎么样。Icantimagineyou/yourlivingaloneinthesmallmountainvillage我简直不能想象你竟然独自住在小山村里。在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语，其特点是“宾语与宾补在逻辑上有着主谓或主表关系”。现将复合宾语的类型作一归纳和说明，供大家学习参考。 一、宾语名词：常用于该结构的动词有：call , name , make , find , choose , think , leave等。例如： 1. We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。 2. They made Li Lei their monitor . 他们选李磊当班长。 二、宾语形容词：常见的动词有：think , believe , leave , drive , make , keep , turn , wish , want等。例如： 1. Do you think his idea wrong ? 你认为他的意见错了吗？ 2. We must keep our classroom clean . 我们必须保持教室清洁。 三、宾语副词：副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down , up , here , there , home , in , out , anywhere等。例如： 1. Let him in (out) . 让他进来（出去）。 2. Mr . Li drove us home . 李先生开车送我们回家。 3. Have you seen him anywhere ? 你有没有在什么地方见过他？ 四、宾语介词短语：介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表关系。例如： 1. We found everything in good order . 我们发现一切井然有序。 2. Ill leave a message on his desk . 我将留个条子在他桌上。 3. We have him as our good friend . 我们把他视为好朋友。 五、宾语不定式：充当宾补的不定式有三种。 1. 要求带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask , tell , like , want , know , invite等。例如： A：We invited him to come to our school . 我们邀请他来我们学校。 B：He asked me to help him . 他要我去帮助他。 2. 要求不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：see , watch , notice , look at , hear , listen to , feel , let , make , have等，这些词称为“感觉动词和使役动词”。例如： A：I often hear him read English in his room . 我常听见他在房间里读英语。 B：Xiao Ming made the little boy laugh . 小明使得那个男孩笑了起来。 3. 动词help后作宾补的不定式，带不带to都可以。 She sometimes helps her mother (to) wash clothes . 她有时帮她妈妈洗衣服。 六、宾语现在分词：现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为该分词逻辑上的主语。常带现在分词作宾补的动词是“感觉动词”和表示“致使”意义的动词。感觉动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补时，表示不定式的动作发生了，一般指事情的全过程；现在分词作宾补则表示动作正在进行。例如： 1. I saw them playing football . 我看见他们正在踢足球。 2. The news made him cry . 这消息使他哭了。 七、宾语过去分词：该结构中的宾语即为该过去分词逻辑上的宾语。例如： 1. I had my bike stolen . 我的自行车被偷了。 2. I saw the ground covered with snow . 我看到地上覆盖着雪。 注：A：使役动词have，make的宾语后接过去分词为宾补时表示被动，接动词原形则表示主动。例如： 1. Ill have my watch mended . 我要去把手表修理一下。（请别人修而不是自己修） 2. Ill have him mend my bike . 我要他给我修理一下自行车。（him和mend之间为主动关系。） B：get , want , wish的宾语后接过去分词为宾补时表示被动关系；接带to的不定式时则表示主动关系。例如： I want (wish) you to finish it by Thursday . 我要你在星期四前完成它。 I want it finished by Thursday . 我要此事在星期四前完成。 C：感觉动词see , hear , watch等的宾语后接过去分词表示被动，接动词原形或现在分词时则表示主动。例如： I saw him beating (beat) the boy . 我看见他在打那个男孩。 I saw the boy beaten by him . 我看见那个男孩被他打了。 八、形式宾语形容词： We found it impossible to get there before Sunday . 我们发现在星期天前到达那儿是不可能的。（it为形式宾语，to get there 为动词不定式作实际宾语，impossible为宾补。） 九、宾语what从句： 1. Call me what you like . 你愿意叫我什么就叫什么。（从句what you like为宾语me的补语。） 2. Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today . 李先生使这个工厂成为现在的样子。With用法详解英语学习者在学习过程中，常会遇到with这个介词，而这个词在不同的语言环境中，其含义不近相同，经常让你无从下手，这里我对with用法做一小结，以方便学生学习。一、 with 的用法1、 with表拥有某物Mary married a man with a lot of money .马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island .这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 2、with表用某种工具或手段I cut the apple with a sharp knife .我用一把锋利的刀削平果。Tom drew the picture with a pencil .汤母用铅笔画画。3、with表人与人之间的协同关系make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sbstruggle with sbfight with sbplay with sbwork with sbcooperate with sbI have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other , and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤母已经是十年的朋友了，但我们从没有吵过架。4、with 表原因或理由John was in bed with high fever .约翰因发烧卧床。He jumped up with joy .他因高兴跳起来。Father is often excited with wine .父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。5、with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在身上，在身边之意The girl with golden hair looks beautiful .那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress . 那个有名的导演将带着男女主角来到会场。A storm with a hurricane has come onto its way .带有飓风的风暴要来了。Do you have money with you .身上带着钱吗？ Take the umbrella with you in case it rains .随身带伞，以防下雨。6、with表想法，信念，态度与一致I agree with you on how to deal with it .关于此事如何处理，我同意你的看法。I believe with the headmaster that a good teacher should not二、练习。1：请选择最佳答案1）With nothing_to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.A.leaving B.leftC.leave D.toleave2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_on the wall.A.fixing B.fixedC.to be fixing D.to be fixed3）I live in the house with its door_to the south.（这里with结构作定语）A.facing B.facesC.faced D.being faced4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights_.A.burn B.burntC.burning D.to burn练习2：用with复合结构完成下列句子1）_（有很多工作要做），I couldnt go to see the doctor.2）She sat_（低着头）。3）The day was bright_.（微风吹拂）4）_，（心存梦想）he went to Hollywood.练习3：把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构。1）Because our lessons were over，we went to play football._.2）The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands._.3）My mother is ill，so I wont be able to go on holiday._.4）An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldnt go to the cinema tonight._.答案及分析答案（练习1）：1）答案是B.with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。2）答案是B.短语fix ones eyes onsth是“盯着看”的意思，所以句中hereyes和动词fix是被动关系，所以用过去分词。3）答案是A.face“朝、向”，是不及物动词，所以和itsdoor是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。4）答案是C.burn“点燃、发亮、发光”，是不及物动词，所以和theirlights是主动关系，所以用现在分词。答案（练习2）：1）With a lot of work to do2）with her head bent3）with a fresh breeze blowing4）With a dream in heart答案（练习3）：1）With our lessons over ，we went to play football.2）The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.3）With my mother being will，I wont be able to go on holiday.4）With the exam to be held tomorrow，I couldnt go to the cinema tonight1. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teachers D. Teacher 2. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Childrenss 3. This year, _ is on May 9th. A. My mothers brithday B. My mothers brithday C. My mothers brithday D. My motherss brithday 4. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctors C. doctors D. doctor 5. Where is Mr. Zhang? He is in the _ . A. teachers reading room B. teachers reading room C. teacher reading room D. teachers reading room 6. This is _ ball. Its not _ . A. the boys, girls B. the boys, the girls C. the boy, the girl D. boys, girls 7. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind. A. womans B. womens C. womens D. womans 8. Look at the book, its not mine, and its not yours, so it must be _ . A. somebody elses B. somebody else C. somebodys else D. somebody else 9. These are _ . A. newspaper of today B. todays newspaper C. todays newspapers D. today newspapers 10. Its about _ from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes walk B. walk of twenty minutes C. walk of twenty minutes D. twenty minutes walk 11. _ is very small and white. A. The hat of your brothers B. The hat of your brother C. Your brothers hat D. Your brother hat 12. This is _ . A. Mike and Jims bike B. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D. Mike and Jim bike 13. He is _ . A. one student of my father B. one of my fathers student C. my fathers students D. one student of my fathers 14. Ken is also _ . A. one cousin of mine B. one cousin of my C. one cousin of me D. one cousin of I 15. _ has travelled to Beijing. A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. A her friend D. Hers one friend 16. These are _ books. Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky Bookstore. A. Li Lins and Jill B. Li Lin and Jills C. Li Lins and Jill