快速阅读讲解.doc

07年6月23日大学英语四级真题讲解 （一）Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) skim: 跳读scan: 浏览，快读技巧：速度快，带着目的性去读，读重要的、相关的内容Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. 如何分配这15分钟？二个阶段：1、5分钟左右，快速浏览标题、小标题和后面的十个问题；2、10分钟左右，有针对性地一边读文章，一边做题。For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.Yes Y =agrees with与一致，与符合1、同义表达；2、原意转化；3、根据原文概括或归纳而成的。No N=contradicts 与矛盾；与抵触1、 题目与原文直接相反；2、 原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件（出现must or only）； 3、原文为人们对某种事物的理论感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明； 4、原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、程度的词。Not Given NG=not given 1、题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及； 2、题目中的范围小于原文的范围，也就是更具体 (但是大于就是true了)； 3、原文是可能性，题目是必然性；3、 题目有比较级，原文没有比较。（学生提出N题与NG题很容易混淆，可以这么处理，即用排除法，先做Y和N题，剩下的那一题就是NG题。）For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online当你在网上找工作时保护你的隐私第一部分的内容是本文叙述的重点，如何保护你的隐私阅读的第二个步骤是读每一段的第一句话，并快速判断此段与问题是否有关，是否有必要读下去。 Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another persons personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. 段可以大胆的忽略不读，因为从以上两段的主题句中没找到与第一个问题相关的内容。 Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic,” states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. “Its certainly picked up in the last four or five years. Its worldwide. It affects everybody, and (theres very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you cant detect it until its probably too late.” )第一题是同义表达和原意转化。Y第一个问题中出现了人名，我们现在要找的是在哪个段落中出现了同样的人名，问题的答案肯定在那一段。 Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims names. In many cases, a victims losses may included not only out-of-pocket（adj.(需)现款支付的,不列入预算的） financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible. 第二个问题的相关段落，因为此段第一句话里出现了和钱有关的词。此题是根据原文概括或归纳而成的。Y According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes(履历) online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet. 第三个问题中的identity theft出现在了第五段的第一句话，此段就第一句话和问题有关，关键词是number one。此题是原文内容直接相反。N第四个问题中的resume出现在第五段，但此段未提供明确的答案甚至也没有暗示答案，因此我们可以把第四个问题暂时搁下，但是在向下阅读的时候要留意与此问题相关的内容是否被再次提起。一般来说，一个段落里不会出两个问题，所以不要太在意，向下阅读就行了。以下每个部分如果有一个以上段落，还是用同样的方法，读每段的第一句话，以判断该段与问题是否有关。1. Check for a privacy policy. 检查隐私保护政策。 If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerB. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员). When reviewing the sites privacy policy, youll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You wont necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive. 在阅读过程中，发现第一个建议的第二段的第一句话中出现了resume,与第四个问题有关，从而可作出判断。此题为原意转化，Y2. Take advantage of site features. 利用网站特征。Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the level of risk you are willing to assume. CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible. The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerB without retyping their information. 读此部分的第一句话，注意留意问题中的关键词出现在哪些地方。第四段的第一句话中出现了The third，因此可以判断答案就在此段。但是此段没有提供与问题相关的内容，不要急于作判断，可以暂时搁下这个问题，向下做题。第五个问题的内容在此部分未被提及。NG3. Safeguard your identity. 保护你的个人身份。第六个问题中的personal information提示答案在第三部分找。Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as “Intranet Developer Candidate,” or “Experienced Marketing Representative.” 答案在此段。此问题与原文内容相反。NYou should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “International packaged goods supplier.” If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer. 第七个问题中的generic在此部分中出现。此问题为原意转化。Y4. Establish an email address for your search. 为了你的搜索建立一个email地址Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you dont know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive 答案unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesnt contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such . 第八个问题：第二段的第一句话提示了答案在此段中出现。5. Protect your reference. 保护你的证明人。If your resume contains a section with the 答案names and contact information of your references, take it out. Theres no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references. 6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential. 使机密的信息保持机密Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, drivers license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Dont provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book dont fall for it.最后一个问题在最后一段里找答案。很显然，没有第8和第9个问题的答案那么直接，我们只好凭我们生活阅历、生活常识和对最后一段的理解用自己的语言做回答。（此时，看看我们所做的问题的答案，好像还有一题没做，也就是第五题，我们在全文中没有找到答案，而所有的答案中没有出现NG，因此我们可以判断，此题的答案就是NG.。因为一般来说，一篇文章只会出现一次NG）以上的小标题就算不能完全理解和看懂，至少也证明一件事，那就是这篇文章的主要内容是谈论一些如何在网络上保护你的相关隐私的具体措施。此外可标出每个小标题的关键词，这些关键词其实就是每个部分的主题，为我们减少搜索的时间提供有力的帮助。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。找关键词：名词；动词；形容词；人名、地名、单位名等专有名词；目的是为了在文中相应的地方快速找到和明确答案。1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect and one can hardly do anything to prevent it. Y2. In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore their reputation. Y3. Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhat overestimated. N4. It is important that your resume not stay online longer than is necessary. （这个问题里用了虚拟语气，should被省略了。） Y5. Of the three options offered by CareerB in Suggestion 2, the third one is apparently most strongly recommended. NG第五个问题中的Su