为英语高考阅读事业奋斗.doc

为英语高考阅读事业奋斗！ 阅读能力是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大；阅读理解考查的根本是，检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，学会运用高效的阅读策略和技巧，提高命中率。考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告说明广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。考生应能： 1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体信息 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 作出判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图观点和态度 但是近几年高考更加注重考查学生把握全文主旨的能力及推理判断能力。学习目标： 提高阅读能力，训练解题技巧。重点难点： 使用怎样的解题策略、技巧，提高阅读能力。学习策略： 进行自主、合作、探究性学习。任务导航： 为伟大的英语高考， 阅读事业奋斗不息！II. Study the passage (Display them in class)1.How do you get the answer to Question 5 ? a. 根据第二段第1、2句话可知A项错误；根据第三段第4、5句话可知B项错误；根据第一段信息可知D项错误；由最后一段信息可知C项正确。 b. 运用_B_.（A. 略读 B. 跳读 C.精读） 心得体会：（细节理解题：根据选项题干中 的关键词(信息提示词)，运用跳读法，进行信息定位，对比分析，确定答案。）Analyse Question 3?a. We can conclude that _A_ is right from the sentence “Since they could not hear a doorbell or a knock on the door, ” in the next to the last Para.b. Why is D “William Hoy died at the age of 99” wrong ? D项是文章中的原句 ，不是推断出来的。 c. B、C项为啥不对？ B项与原文内容相反；C项与原文内容不符。心得体会：(推理判断题：由文中原句看本质，判断 有据，推论有理，忠实原文；切忌主观瞎想。)3.How to make it easier to understand the passage and work out these questions? Or: In which order do you to answer these questions? Why? 先做2、5、4题，再做3、1题 ；因为在做细节理解题的过程中，通过略读、跳读、精读来反复浏览文章，对文章内容就自然熟悉了；对文章理解不知不觉地就深刻了，文章大意、作者意图、篇章结构就很显然了。心得体会：(做题策略：先易后难：先浅层细节题，后深层大意题。) II. Study the passage (Display them in class)1.How do you get the answer to Question 5 ? a. 根据第二段第1、2句话可知A项错误；根据第三段第4、5句话可知B项错误；根据第一段信息可知D项错误；由最后一段信息可知C项正确。 b. 运用_B_.（A. 略读 B. 跳读 C.精读） 心得体会：（细节理解题：根据选项题干中 的关键词(信息提示词)，运用跳读法，进行信息定位，对比分析，确定答案。）Analyse Question 3?a. We can conclude that _A_ is right from the sentence “Since they could not hear a doorbell or a knock on the door, ” in the next to the last Para.b. Why is D “William Hoy died at the age of 99” wrong ? D项是文章中的原句 ，不是推断出来的。 c. B、C项为啥不对？ B项与原文内容相反；C项与原文内容不符。心得体会：(推理判断题：由文中原句看本质，判断 有据，推论有理，忠实原文；切忌主观瞎想。)3.How to make it easier to understand the passage and work out these questions? Or: In which order do you to answer these questions? Why? 先做2、5、4题，再做3、1题 ；因为在做细节理解题的过程中，通过略读、跳读、精读来反复浏览文章，对文章内容就自然熟悉了；对文章理解不知不觉地就深刻了，文章大意、作者意图、篇章结构就很显然了。心得体会：(做题策略：先易后难：先浅层细节题，后深层大意题。)Step3. II. Study the passage： (Display them in class)1.How do you get the answer to Question 9? 根据第一段第一句“An Australian company, Smart Car Technologies, has developed a system that lets drivers know when theyre speeding.”心得体会：(主旨大意题：读首尾段，找主题句，根据高频词汇，抓大意)2. Where can you get the answer to Question 7？ 根据上文“developed a system that lets drivers know when theyre speeding”和下文“If a driver exceeds the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds” 再如：Guess the meaning of the underlined words: “The setup of the product does not need to be hooked up to a cars speedometer. In fact, it is entirely portable. ” (Para 2) How do you get the meaning of the underlined words? 根据下文“In fact, it is entirely portable.”心得体会：(词义猜测题：根据上下文信息,抓标志词in fact/in other words/ that is/and/but/or/however/otherwise等，用定语从句、同位语从句、破折号、冒号。)3. Speak out your reasons for judging each sentence true or false in No10A.原文中没有提到“in Japan” 。B. 与原文事实正相反。C. 前半部分正确，后半部分错误。 D. PDA与GPS用混了。 E. 只是原文的（第二段的段意）一部分,不能概括全文大意。 心得体会：出题人设置阅读理解干扰项的特点：1.无中生有：凭空捏造原文不存在的细节；或非文章事实的主观臆断。2.与事实相反: 这种结论与文章唱反调；或由文中事实细节推断出错误的结论。3.半对半错: 这种结论往往是有一部分与文章内容吻合，但有部分词语却找不到根据。4. 偷梁换柱: 将文中没有联系的两个或多 个部分生硬地组织在一起。这种选项有很大的迷惑性，也往往是失分所在。5.以偏盖全：是文中的某个具体事实、细节或段意，但不能概括全文大意。II 阅读理解的策略和技巧：1.先易后难原则：先做 浅层细节题, 再做 深层大意题。2.细节理解题：抓住关键词，跳读原文，定位信息，对比分析,筛选排除。3.词义猜测题：根据上下文，抓住标志词，利用定语从句、同位语从句和标点符号，再加构词法。4.推理判断题：从原文事实出发，判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文；切忌主观瞎想，无中生有。 5.主旨大意题： 读首尾段，找主题句，抓大意；找贯穿文章始终的主题词；串联各段首句（段意）。 6.主题句原则：整篇文章的主题句一般在首段或末段，但有时也会在文章中间； 每段的主题句通常在段首或段末。Step4. I. 阅读理解题的命题分类:1.主旨大意型 2。 事实细节型 3.词义猜测型 4.推理判断型应对主旨大意题Main idea questions的两种方法主旨题的问题是这样的1. The main idea of this passage is.2. The passage is mainly about.3. What does the passage/author mainly deal with?4. What is the main idea/topic/subject/point/theme/purpose of this passage?5. The major point discussed in the passage is.6. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?7. The best title for the passage is.8The title that best expresses/states the idea of the passage is.应对判断题Inference questions的关键（推理题）判断题的问题是这样的a) It can be inferred/concluded from the passage thatb) We can conclude/infer/from the passage thatc) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?d) From the last paragraph we learn/infer that*e) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?f) The author (passage) implies/suggests thatg) The passage is intended toh) The paragraph preceeding (following) the passage most probably discuss应对意思替换题（猜词题）意思替换题的问题是这样的：a). The word/phrase “” in line 10 (phrase 2) most probably means.In the line 10 the word/phrase “” could be best replaced byWhich of the following is nearest (closest) in meaning to “”?What is the possible meaning of the word/phrase “” in line 10?The word “this/that/he/them/it” in line 10 stands formean相当于represent代表，意味。（意思替换或解释）Meaning n. 相当于explanation （解释）mean to 相当于intend to 打算干什么，（目的或计划）be replaced by 由什么替代，相当于say in another way。（句子替换，句意不变）indicate相当于to show，to point out表明什么，指出什么。（指示，提示）refer to 相当于talks about谈到，sth about涉及到，如：What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要说的话涉及到你们大家。（涉及，有关）stand for 相当于mean，represent，和mean的意思相似。（解释）imply 相当于indicate indirectly间接地表明。（暗指）如何应对细节题Detail questions细节题的问题是这样的：i) Which of the following does not account for (explain) the soaring inflation?j) The example given in Para. 2 is to showk) Which of the following may lead to (result in/cause/contribute to) the inflation?l) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?m) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?n) Which of the following does the author not express? In October 1961 at Crowley Field in Cincinnati Ohio an old deaf gentleman named William E. Hoy stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired from professional baseball 58 years earlier in 1903. However he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball. William E. Hoy was born in Houckstown Ohio on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker. Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh(Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888 he started as an outfielder (外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever and he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19,1889 he threw out three batters(击球手) at the plate from his outfield position. The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.For many years people talked about Hoys last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy hit a wonderful ball which won the game. It was a very foggy day and therefore very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning(棒球的一局) with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Los Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game. Hoy married Anna Marie Lowery. The Hoys had many friends. Since they could not hear a doorbell or a knock on the door, Hoy put a baseball in a groove(槽)by the doorbell. The pulling of the bell koncked the ball onto the floor. The vibrations announced the the visitor.After he retired Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death, he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961, Hoy died at the age of 99. 1. This passage is mainly about _. A. The rest of the life of a deaf baseball player B. The development of the umpires hand signalsC. the great effect on baseball by a deaf playerD. The greatest American sport played by nearly everyone2.Hoy retired from professional baseball in _. A.1903 B.1886 C.1941 D.19613. We can infer from the text that _.A. Hoys wife was also deaf B. Hoy did badly in the 1888 major league seasonC. Hoy had very bad eyesight D. William Hoy died at the age of 994. The underline work “vibrations”in Para.5 probably refers to _. A.loud sounds B. servants C. door bells D.shaking movements of the ball5. Which statement is true about Holy according to the passage?A.Hoy was born in Houckstown Ohio with something wrong in his ears.B.Hoy was good at stealing and stole many baseballs during his life. C.Hoy stayed busy working and exercising after he retired.D.In October 1961 Hoy took part in his last baseball match in his whole life at Crowley Field in Cincinnati Ohio.1-5 CAADCII.Study the passage : (Display them in class)1.How do you get the answer to Question 5 ?a. _ b. 运用_ _.（A. 略读 B. 跳读 C.精读）心得体会：(推理判断题：_ ）2. Analyse Qestion 3?a.We can conclude that _ is right from _ in the next to the last Para.b.What do you think of “D. William Hoy died at the age of 99”?_ 。c.想一想 B、C项为啥不对？_ 心得体会：(推理判断题：_)3.How to make it easier to understand and work out these questions? Or: In which order do you answer these questions? Why?_ 心得体会：(做题策略：_)An Australian company, Smart Car Technologies, has developed a system that lets drivers know when theyre speeding. When the technology becomes commercially available, it could help lead-footed drivers avoid tickets and also save lives. The company that developed the product hopes to convince Australian government agencies to put the technology into use in their automobile fleets. The product, called Speed Alert, links real-time location data and speed obtained with the help of GPS to a database of posted speed limits stored in a drivers PDA or programmable mobile phone. The setup of the product does not need to be hooked up to a cars speedometer. In fact, it is entirely portable. It will also work with newer phones and PDAs that have built-in GPS receivers. If a driver exceeds the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds.Michael Paine, an Australian vehicle design engineer and traffic safety consultant, was hired to analyze the product. He told Live Science that his colleagues in the road safety field are “very enthusiastic” about what theyre now calling “intelligent speed alert.” Other research, according to Paine, shows that 40 percent of all traffic deaths involve speeding. There is also a potentially controversial future use: “Since the system is so portable, it would be easy to make it a requirement for teenage drivers to always use a speed alert device when driving,” Paine said. “The system even has the capability to record speeding violations, so parents can monitor their teenage drivers.”The product will soon go on sale in Sydney.6. Whats the purpose of the new product?A. To inform us of the new car system. B. To introduce some improvement in cars.C. To limit certain drivers to safe driving. D. To popularize the built-in car system.7. Lead-footed drivers refer to the ones .A. who drive too carelessly B. that drive extremely fastC. who are partly disabled D. that drive too slowly8. The second paragraph mainly talks about .A. the project of the built-in product B. why the system becomes popularC. the functions of GPS in cars D. how the product is pr