高考语法主谓一致和倒装句 (2) (1).doc

主谓一致一、 语法一致原则 1. and和both-and-连接两个主语时，谓语用复数。例：Both Lucy and Lily _students.2.不定代词either/neither/ each one等 和复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数。例：Each boy has a new book. There _ something wrong with your bike.3.由each, every, every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working.4.主语后接有with, along with, together with, as well as, more than, besides, except, but连接另一个主语时，谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致。例：Mr Green with his wife _coming to Beijing.No one but I_(know) the thing.All except Harry _ (have) passed the driving test. 5.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；”the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees _(be) cut down.The number of students in our class _(be) 32.6. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair, suit, piece ）在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .7. 以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths, physics, news ）谓语用单数。Maths_(be) my favorite subject.8“the +形容词（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 The young _(like) listening to popular songs .9“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 The Greens _(be)having lunch now.二、 意义一致原则1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语。如果是指同一概念，则谓语动词用单数。The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.2,英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family _(be) very poor when I was a little girlMy family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 3.people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：the police_(be) helping a girl find her mother.4 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”.5 “+ (of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _have) been sent to America.80%Half of the apples _(be) red.三、 就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。Neither his parents nor Tom_(be) at home.2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There _(come) the bus. 倒装句1. 当句首为副词here ，there 且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。Here comes the bus !. There goes the bell. !2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时，应用部分倒装。Only in this way can we solve the problem.Only when you told me did I know her name.注意：如果 only 修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词情态动词 + 后者”，前句事否定，而后面的人也不怎么样时用“ neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + sb”。He can speak English，so can I.If she doesnt go there tomorrow，neither / nor will I.注意1）“ so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 表示前者的主语和后者的主语的情况一样，所谈到的是两个人，意为“也是这样”；2）“ so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词”表示前者和后者所指同一人时，说话者表示同意前者的观点，意为“的确如此”。 Li Lei likes sports. So he does and so do I. 4. 由 not only but also 引起的并列句，若将 not only 置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装， but also 引导的分句不倒装。Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.5.“ no matter +疑问词+从句” 或 “疑问词+ever+从句” 注：从句应用陈述句语序，时态用一般现在时。However hard the problem is，I must work it out.随堂练习1 The teacher and singer _to visit our school.A is coming B are coming C have come D coming2 Tom with other boys _ to go and _a game.A want ; watch B wants ; watches C wants ; watch D want ; to watch3 Neither you nor I _ a student .A is B are C am D were4 Both of my parents _ teachers.A is B are C am D was 5 The number of people invited _ fifty ,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A were; was B was; was C was; were D were; were 6 One of the women _ from America.A is B are C has D being 7 I liked to play basketball when I was young._A So he was B So was he C So did he D So he did8 -Hi, Mary . Were going to help Grandma Li with her housework this Saturday afternoon. - _.A So am I B So I am C So will I D So I will 9 _ Tom _Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.A Neithe; nor B Not only; but also C Both ; and D Either; or 11 _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A A number of ; women B A number of ; woman C The number of ; women D The number of ; woman 12 Good news! There _ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. A are B is C was D were 13 There _ a few students in the library after school every day.A has been B have been C is D are 14 Father ,you promised!-Well , _ but it was you who did not keep your word first.A so was I B so did I C so I was D so I did 15 -I will never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!- _.A Nor am I B Neither will I C Same with me D So do I 16 Some water _ in the bottle.A are B is C be D am 17 More than one student _ever been to Beijing.A has B have C had D having 18 Many a student _been to Shanghai.A has B have C had D having 20 How to do it _still a problem.A is B are C am D be 21 I am not watching TV,_is Jim.A also B either C neither D too 22 This pair of shoes _ nice on you .A look B looks C is look D looking 23 Both of the students _ from England.A am B is C are D be 24 Physics _ easy for us to learn .A am B is C are D be 25 The people in Shenyang _ very friendly.A am B is C are D be 26 Five minus four _ one.A are B be C is D am 27 Every man and every woman _ at work.A be B are C is D am28 Mike , like his brother, _playing footall. A is enjoying B enjoy D enjoys 30 Every year a number of tourists _attracted to the beach .The number of tourists _about 50,000.A are; are B have ;is C are ;is D have ; are 31 On the wall _ some famous paintings.A am B is C are D be 32 A new type of machine _ on sale now.A are B am C is D be 33 Not you but I _ to answer for it.A are B am C is D be 34 Bread and butter _ their daily food.A is B are C be D am 35 Much of what you said _ true. A is B am C are D be 36 Have you got some water to drink? Here you are. There _still some in the bottle.A are B were C is D was 37 Either he or I _from Canada. We are from Australia.A is B are C am D be 39 The whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A is all B all is C all are D are all 40 The population of the world _ still_ now.A has; grown B will ; grow C is ; growing D is ; grown41. The doctor and the writer _ from America Ais Bare Cam Dwere42. Three hundred dollars a month _ not enough to live on Aare Bis Chas Dhave 43. Either Li Lei or Jim _ going to carry water for Grandma tomorrow Awas Bwere Cis Dare44. Reading in t