高一英语上册语言点Unit1--6.doc

高一英语上册语言点Unit1-6Unit 1 Good friends1. be loyal to 对忠诚 2. It is + adj.（表批评或赞扬） + of sb. to do sth. = sb. + be adj. to do sth. 某人做某事是e.g. It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so. 3. A good friend is someone who makes me happy. make /find +object. +adj. e.g. make our classroom clean; find it useful make sb. do (sth.) = have sb. do sth. = get sb. to do sth.4. argue with / against sb. argue about / over / on sth. argue with sb. about / over sth.argue sb. into/out of +n. 说服某人做/停止做某事 5. solve the problem 解决问题 solution （名词）6. especially “尤其；特别地”，用来加强语气，常用于所强调的主语、介词短语、形容词及when引导的从句之前。7. give reasons for sth. 为某事给出原因 8. so / neither / nor + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词主语(动词) 表示与前面情况相同 so主语助动词/系动词/情态动词 表示对前面所说情况的赞成或认同 e.g. I dont like enjoy singing, nor / neither do I like computers. Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. - He works very hard. - So he does.9. hate vt. 憎恶，憎恨；厌恶，很不喜欢，句型为：hate sth. / sb.；hate doing / to do sth.；hate sb. doing / to do sth.10. be into =be fond of 对某事有兴趣，喜欢 11. surf the Internet= go on the Internet 上网 12. all the time 一直，始终 13. imagine doing sth. 想像做某事 14. alone adj. 单独的,独自的（只能作表语） adv. 单独地 e.g. She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时,她便看电视。 For years Mary lived alone in New York. 玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。lonely adj. 1. 孤独的,孤寂的 2. 偏僻的,人迹罕至的 （既可作表语，也可作定语） 15. play = act e.g. Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. 16. so.that. 如此以至于，that在此引导结果状语从句(有时可能省略)so + adj. / adv. + that so + adj. + a(n) + n + that so few /many + 复数名词 + that so much /little+不可数名词 + thatso加形容词或副词置于句首引起倒装 区别：such + a(n) + adj. + n. + that such + adj. +不可数名词/复数名词（注：这里的adj.不能是many, much, few, little，如果加这些形容词，用sothat） 17. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. When(= at that time/at that moment)是一个并列连词的作用，表示前一个动作正在进行时突然发生此事。多用于句型：be doingwhen，be about to do when，句中is on a flight等于is flying。例如：He is about to go when the telephone rang。她正要出去这时电话铃响了。 I was walking on the street yesterday when I saw an old friend。昨天正在街上走着忽然碰上一个老朋友。 18. a deserted island 荒岛 19. survive： continue to live or exist 幸存；活下来e.g. Her parents died in the SARS epidemic, but she survived. 她的双亲在“非典”流行时去世，但是她幸存下来。 20. all alone = all by oneself 独自地；完全靠自己；独立地 21. hunt for 搜索；追寻；寻找 22. make (a) fire 生火23. in order to 为了 e.g. We started early in order to arrive before dark.为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了 1) so as to= in order to.，但前者一般不用于句首 2) 否定式在to前加not 3) 相应的目的状语从句由so that.或in order that.引导24. develop a friendship with sb. 与某人发展友谊 25. even though=even if 即使 26. treatas 把看作27. realize(realize) vt.认识;明白;实现。例: Ididntrealizethisuntilyoutoldme.直到你告诉了我才认识到这一点。FinallyIrealizedwhathemeant.最后我明白了他的意思。 Intheendherealizedhishopeforbeinganartist.最后他实现了当艺术家的意愿。 28. share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦 sharevt.& vi.分担;分享;共同具有/使用1)sharevt. 常跟名词作宾语,构成的搭配有:sharesth.withsb.与某人共享。例: Theyshareallhousework, includingwashing,cookingandlookingaftertheirchild.他们分担所有家务,包括洗衣,做饭,看孩子。 2)share vi. 搭配是:sharein.共享 例: Shesharesinmytroublesaswellasmyjoys.她与我同甘共苦。 3)sharen. 一份,份额 例: Wemustdoourshareforourcountry.我们必须为国家做出一份贡献。 29. care about 关心，介意，在乎 e.g. It is important to have someone to care about.care for 喜欢；照顾 e.g. I dont care for football. Would you care for a cup of tea? She cares for her sick mother.30. should have done 本该做（而实际上没有做），常含有责备的意味。 31. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友（注意friends复数） 32. for example 介词短语，为插入语，可置于句首、句中或句末，用逗号隔开，一般只以同类人或同类事物中的“一个”为例。 such as 列举同类人或同类事物中的几个例子，放在被列举的事物或名词之前，as不加逗号。33. learn a lesson from sb. 接受教训 34. tell lies/a lie 撒谎，为固定搭配 35. regard as 把当作 be regarded ase.g. Many people keep dogs as pets because dogs are regarded as loyal friends to people. 36. make a difference有差别；有关系make no difference没有差别；无关紧要 make a great difference 区别很大；有很大关系 37. You guessed it! 38. have fun玩得愉快 fun n.U娱乐,乐趣；玩笑,嬉戏；有趣的人(或事物) for / in fun 闹着玩地，不当真地39. drop sb. a line给某人写短信 40. keep.in mind 记住 41. as short as possible 尽可能简洁42. laugh at / make fun of / play a joke on 取笑；嘲笑 43. in ones opinion 依看来，依之见语法：直接引语和间接引语（1）当说话人引用别人的话时，可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人意思转述出来，引用原话，称为直接引语（Direct Speech），否则称为间接引语（Indirect Speech）。直接引语通常用引号（“”）括起来，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。（课本P178）e.g. Lao Yang said: “Im not free. ”（直接引语） Lao Yang said that he wasnt free .（间接引语）1. 如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句，在间接引语中我们要注意下面几点：（1）在引语的开头用连词that，有时可以省略He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He told his mother (that) the boy was very naughty.（2）根据意思改变人称 She said (to me), “Your pronunciation is better than mine.She said that my pronunciation was better than hers.（3）注意间接引语中的谓语动词时态的变化 “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said. Henry told Frank that he had come to return the book. Kitty said, “Ill call again after supper.” Kitty said that she would call again after supper.（4）根据意思将指示代词，地点及时间状语作必要的更动 She said, “I will come here again tonight.” She said (that) she would go there again that night.2. 直接引语是一个疑问句变间接引语时，除了注意人称、状语等的变更和时态一致之外，还要注意：（1）把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，也就是说要把主语放在谓语的前面。 He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked us how we were getting along.（2）在这种引语前“that”是永远也不能用的。如果是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，在引语前要用连词whether或if。 He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me whether I was a Party member or a League member.“Youve already got well , havent you ?” she asked. She asked whether（if）he had already got well .选择疑问句不用if，只用whether（whetheror搭配，一般不用if）（3）如果是特殊疑问句，仍用其疑问词作为连接词来引导从句。3. 在时态变化时，要注意如果直接引语是客观真理或客观事实，变为间接引语时，时态不用改变。4. 一般在引述陈述句的间接引语时，用动词said, told；在引述疑问句时，一般用asked, said, wondered等。Unit 2 English around the world1. (1)for the first time 第一次 （时间状语） (2)the first time 第一次（引导时间状语从句） e.g. _ I came into No.1 Middle School, I met a lot of old friends. A. The first time B. For the first time C. For the time D. The time (key: A)(3)It is/was the first time 后接句子，强调到说话时为止某一情况或动作的次数，句中常用完成时态，first可换用其他序数词。e.g. It was the first time (that) I had left Beijing. 那是我第一次离开北京。2. What is it that Joe cant find in the bathroom ? Joe在浴室里不能找到的是什么？ 这是一个强调句式的特殊疑问形式。It is / was +被强调成份+that (who)+句子剩余部分 e.g. (1)对主语作强调 It is Joe that / who cant find the toilet in the bathroom.(2)对宾语作强调 It is the toilet that Joe cant find in the bathroom. (3)对状语作强调 It is in the bathroom that Joe cant find the toilet. 强调句式的特殊疑问句变化：When/Why/How/What/Where is/was it that? 3. have a good flight 航行愉快 4. all the way 从远道;一路上 5. must 表示肯定猜测 must +do(现在) / must +have done（过去）否定式为cant / couldnt + do / have done e.g. You must be very tired. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.6. make oneself at home 别客气，别拘束 7. mean + n. / pron. / doing 意味着 mean + to do 打算做What do you mean by.? 你说(做)是什么意思? 8. on ones way back ( to ) / on ones way to 9. a bit = a little 修饰adj. / adv.的原级或比较级 区别not a bit = not at all = not in the least 一点儿也不not a little = not slightly = very much 相当多的（地）；非常 a bit of + n. a little + n.10. native language=mother tongue 母语 native n. C当地人，本国人 11. in situation 处于的情形、境遇、位置12. majorityn.大多数;大部分。当themajority作主语时,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数。但当themajorityof+n.做主语时,谓语动词由后面的名词来决定。例:Themajoritywere/wasagainsttheplan.大多数人反对这个计划。 Themajorityofthebooksarekeptupstairs.大多数书籍放在楼上。 Themajorityofthemoneyisspentonbooks.大多数钱都花在了书上。13. in total = in all / as a whole 总共，合计 14. a number of+ 复数名词+复数谓语 the number of+复数名词+单数谓语15. be equal to 相等的；胜任的 e.g. Tom is equal to John in height. My heart is not equal to the race. He felt equal to carrying out the plan 16. except 同类别事物的整数中除去若干 except for 从整体中排除部分，前后名词是不同类的except that从句 e.g. Except Tom, they are all workers. The room is empty except for a broken chair. 17. communicate vt. (1) 传达;传递;传播(+to) vi. (1) 交流思想(或感情,信息等);交际,交往(+with) (2) 通讯,通话(+with)e.g. Did she communicate my wishes to you? 她有没有把我的祝福转告你? We learn a language in order to communicate.我们学习语言是为了交流思想。 He had no way to communicate with his brother. 他没有办法与他兄弟联系。18. With so many people communicating in English everyday , we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English . (1) with n./pron. doing sth. 这是with的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示原因。 e.g. With the doctors treating me, I will recover soon. 有这些医生给我治疗，我很快就会康复。 With the work well done, he got praised. 由于这工作做得好，他受到了表扬。 除了表原因，还可表示伴随动作、行为方式、条件或结果等。在这一结构中，如果名词/代词和分词之间是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词形式。 with + n. / pron. + adj. / adv. / 介词短语 with + n. / pron. + doing (表示动作在正在进行) with + n. / pron. + to do (表示要执行的动作) with + n. / pron. + done (表示动作的完成或被动) (2) “more and more + 多音节形容词/副词”或者”形容词/副词的比较级+and+形容词/副词的比较级”用来表示“越来越” e.g. He is running faster and faster. 他现在跑得越来越快了。 It was getting darker and darker . 天越来越黑了。 18. have a good knowledge of 具有(丰富)的知识；熟知 knowledge在此意为“掌握，了解”，与不定冠词连用。 19. stay up 熬夜 20. leave the door open 让门开着 leave在此意为“让处于某种状态”21. Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. (1) know和know about的区别：know是vt. 后面跟名词，代词，意为“认识”“知道”指人与人之间直接的认识，了解；而know about（of）意为知道，了解关于的情况，指间接地“了解”，或听说过某人，某物。e.g. I dont know / about him . 我不认识/ 没听说过他。 I know about（of）her , but I cant say that I know her . 我知道有其人，但谈不上认识她。 (2) tell the differences between and 说出与之间的差异/差别2 22. come about=happen; take place 无被动23. There is no quick answer to the question. 问题的答案,介词常用to 24. stay the same stay意为继续,保持,连系动词e.g. I hope the weather will stay fine. 我希望天气能持续放晴。 25. while 并列连词，“而，却”，表前后意义的对比和转折。26. end up with 以为结局；结果会 end up doing sth. end up + 介词短语 27. more or less 大约；或多或少；在一定程度上 28. make different from 使与不同29. 主语+ have +（no , little , some , much , great ）difficulty / trouble in doing sth . / with sth.e.g. Everyone in the town knew him , so we had no trouble / difficulty in finding his house . 注意：使用这一句型应注意以下四点：(1)difficulty和trouble为不可数名词，意为“困难”。 (2)修饰语主要有：no , little , some , much , great ,(not)any等。 (3)句中介词为in , 有时可省略。 (4)介词in后必须跟动词的ing形式。30. bring in 产生(利润、进息、收入)；进口；引进 31. a great many =a good many = a (large) number of +可数名词 plenty of 可数或不可数名词 a great deal of 不可数名词 32. compare vt.(1) 和比较,对照(+with) (2) 比喻为,把比作(+to) e.g. The song compares our country to a family. 这首歌把我们的国家比作一个家庭。语法：直接引语和间接引语（2）把祈使句的直接引语改为间接引语，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前根据句子意思加上tell, ask, order等动词。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。Orders: (Direct Speech) Do / Dont do (Indirect Speech) sb. told / ordered sb (not) to do Requests: (Direct Speech) Do / Dont do , please. Can / Could / Will / Would you do ? (Indirect Speech) sb. asked sb. (not) to do Unit 3 Going places1. consider (1)“考虑，细想”，后面可接名词，从句，连接词或代词引起的不定式短语，动词的-ing形式，不能直接接动词不定式作宾语。 e.g. You had better consider the plan. 你们最好考虑那个计划。 They have to consider what they should do next. 他们得考虑下一步要做什么。 Have you considered what to do next? 你考虑过下步该做什么吗？ You should consider how to get there.你应该考虑怎么到那儿去。 Li Hua considered visiting the Great Wall. 李华考虑去参观长城。 (2)“认为；以为” consider sb. / sth. (to be) consider sb./ sth. + (as) consider sb. / sth. to have done consider + 从句 e.g. I consider him (to be) a clever boy. 我认为他是个聪明的男孩。 He considered me (as) his best friend. 他把我看作他的最要好的朋友。 I consider it a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。= I consider that it is a great honor. I consider it my duty to tell the truth. 我认为有责任来说明真相。 They considered Mr. Li to have built the data bank. 他们认为是李先生建立了这个数据库。 注：consider不能用于进行时态。比如：不能说 He is considering. ,而应该说：He considers. 。2. means of transportation means (1)通常用作可数名词，单数复数形式相同，意思是“方法、手段、工具” e.g. There are (is) no means of getting there.没有办法去那里。 A train is a means of transportation. 火车是一种交通工具。 (2)by means of意思是“用，依靠”。 e.g. The poor old man made a living by means of begging. 那位可怜的老人靠乞讨来谋生。transportation 用作可数名词，意思是“运输工具”，作不可数名词，意思是“运输、输送、客运、货运”。3. boarding calls 登机广播 onboard 登机/上船；在船/飞机/车上 4. experience n.(1)经验,体验U (2)经历,阅历C vt.经历;体验 5. simply adv. 简单地；仅仅；只不过 6. get away from 避免，摆脱，离开7. instead of 复杂介词，“代替，而不”，后面接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等 instead 副词，可单独使用。置于句首或句末。置于句首时，表示“（不是）而是/反而”。 e.g. He was ill, so I went to the meeting instead (of him). 他病了，所以我代替他出席了会议。 He walked home instead of taking a taxi. = He didnt take a taxi. Instead he walked home. 他没坐出租车而是走回家。 8. try doing 尝试做 try to do 努力做 9. the way to do / of doing 的方法10. get close to nature 接近大自然 (1)close adj. 1.近的,接近的(+to) 2. (关系)密切的,亲密的 3. (尤指比赛)势均力敌的 adv. 1.接近,靠近地(+to) 2.紧密地,紧紧地 e.g. His house is close to the factory. 他家靠近该厂。 She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。 She sits close to her mother. 她挨着她妈妈坐着。 (2)naturen. 自然(界);本质,天性 nature解释为“大自然，自然界”时前面不加冠词 e.g. Youmustknowthelawsofnature. 你必须了解自然界的法则。Habitissecondnature.习惯成自然。 固定搭配:innature在自然界 againstnature违背自然(规律) 11. take exercise12. at the same time 13. Hiking is easy to do and doesnt have to be very expensive. 动名词作主语14. equipment n.U1. 配备,装备 2. 设备;器械;用具 e.g. The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year. 把这个新医院的设备配齐要化一年时间。 The store sells tents and other camping equipment. 这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。15. watch out (for) 注意，当心 16. protect from / against 防止免受之害；保护；防卫 区别preventfrom17. exciting adj.令人兴奋的;令人激动的 e.g. We went to an exciting football game last week. 我们上周看了场激动人心的足球比赛。联想excite vt./excited adj./excitedly adv./excitement n. 18. adventure n.1. 冒险U 2. 冒险活动(或经历)C vt.1. 冒险去做;使冒险 vi. 冒险(+to-v) 19. danger n. U危险 in danger处境危险 in danger of处于的危险中 out of danger脱离了危险 20. As with hiking，you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes. 同远足一样，你应该考虑你的安全，而且穿上优质的衣服。 as with意思是“正如的情况一样”。 e.g. As with what I said，he failed again正如我所说的，他又一次失败了。 21. handle vt. 1. 操作;操纵;指挥;管理 2. 对待,处理 3. 经营,经销e.g. He knows how to handle the machine.他会操作这台机器。 22. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 你不该去漂流，除非你知道如何游泳，而且你总是穿好救生衣。 (1)unless意思是“除非如果不”, 相当于if.not结构，通常unless引导一个条件状语从句，从句中不能用将来时态，而用一般现在时或一般过去时来代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 e.g. I will visit you unless I am busy. 除非我很忙，不然我就会去看你的。= I will visit you if I am not busy. 如果我不忙的话，我会去看你的。 (2)wear a life jacket 穿上救生衣 23. be similar to与相似 similarity n. be the same as 和一样24. Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days time. 几天以后简和贝蒂将要分别度假去了。 (1)separate在此句中用作形容词，意思是“单独的，各自的”。e.g. The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子们是分床睡的。用作动词时，通常是 separate sth. / sb. from 辨析separate，divide 这两个词都可用作动词，意思是“分开”。但有一定的不同。separate通常指把原来结合在一起，混合在一起的分开或隔离。divide着重指把整体分成若干部分。 e.g. You should separate the good apples from the bad ones. 你应该把好苹果和坏苹果分开。 The house is divided into four parts. 这间房屋分成四部分。 (2)in a few days time = in a few days “几天以后”（用于将来时中） 25. see sb. off 为某人送行 26. take a taxi = by taxi 坐出租车27. say “Hi” to sb. for me 替我向问好 28. Have a good trip. 旅行愉快。 29. a form of 的形式30. combine with 把与相结合 31. for pleasure 为了玩乐 32. protect the environment 保护环境33. be bad for 对有害 34. on one hand , on the other hand 一方面，另一方面33. as well as 除之外还，和，也。常用来连接两个相同的成分，强调前者。当其连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应与前一个主语保持一致。语法：一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来的用法1、一般现在时表示将来时间 (1)这一结构主要用于表示根据规定、时间表预计要发生的动作或事态，通常有表示将来的时间作状语。 e.g. He retires next month. 他下个月退休。The term starts on September 1. 本学期九月一日开学。 The train leaves at 7:30 this evening. 火车今晚7：30发车。 (2)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，通常可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。e.g. I will visit the temple if I have time. 如果我有时间，我就去参观寺庙。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。2、在英语中，动词leave, start, arrive, return, give, work, sleep, play, do, have, meet, take, get to, see off, stay, go, come等的现在进行时可用来表示一个按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 e.g.They are leaving for Wuhan at once. 他们马上出发到武汉去。He is starting this afternoon. 他今天下午出发。Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences1. get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Gameshost n. C主人(女主人为hostess),东道主;旅馆老板;(广播,电视的)节目主持人 vt.1. 作.主人(或东道主),主办,主持 2. 以主人身份招待 e.g. Yesterday we were hosts to a few friends. 昨天我们接待了几位朋友。 We attended a dinner party hosted by the president of the company. 我们出席了公司总裁举办的宴会。 2. take place = happen “发生，举行”，不用于被动语态。happen多指偶然或意外发生的事；take place表示必然性的发生或是布置或策划好某事而后的“举行”。 3. becaughtin 遇到,碰上,陷入困境 e.g. 淋雨 be caught in the rain 4. promise (sb.) to do 承诺做 5. Just try and youll see you can do it. “祈使句+and / or+将来时态陈述句”，相当于If条件句。6. worry about / be worried about 担心，担忧 7. be on fire “着火，燃烧”（状态） catch fire （动作） 8. It scares(v.) me. / Im scared.(adj.) 吓到我了。 9. natural disasters 自然灾害10. rescue vt. 援救，营救，救出 （from） n. 援救，营救 e.g. rescue a man from drowning/a cat from a high tree 救出一个快要淹死的人/从大树上救下一只猫 Jean couldnt do her school work, but her mother came to her rescue. 琼不会做她的作业，她妈妈帮助了她。 11. hearsb.doingsth.听见某人正在干某事 除了hear,还有以下单词有这样用法,如:see,feel,listento, notice,lookat,watch,observe等。此句式中动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行，若接动词原形则表示动作的全过程，接过去分词就表示宾语与过去分词是被动关系。 12. lookaround环顾,四下里看,四处寻找。相当于lookabout/lookround既可作及物动词短语又可作不及物动词短语。 13. before 在之前；还没来得及就14. advance n. 前进，进展；长进; 改善；预付（款） e.g. stop the enemys advance 阻止敌军前进 Can I have an advance on my salary? 我可以预支薪水吗？ in advance 预先，事先 in advance of 比前进（进步） v. （向）前进，使前进；提前；进步，增进 adv