Menu Translation.doc

1. Cooking Methods煎 pan-fried, fried, sauteed 煎咸鱼 Fried Salted Fish 炒stir-fried , fried杏仁炒虾仁Fried Shrimp with Almonds 炸deep-fried炸春卷 Deep-fried Egg Roll烧roast烧鹅 Roast Goose烤roast, barbecued叉烧肉Barbecued Pork炖，焖stewed, simmered油焖笋Stewed Bamboo Shoots with Soy Brown Sauce蒸 steamed香菇蒸鸡 Steamed Chicken with Mushrooms熏smoked香熏鱼Smoked Spicy Fish 填 酿stuffed酿豆腐Beancurd Stuffed with Minced Pork2. Chopping styles:砍chop 末 mince片 slice 桂花糖藕 Sliced Lotus Root with Sweet Sauce韭黄螺片Sliced Sea Whelk with ChivesLeek， scallion， chive切丝 shred 麻辣肚丝 Shredded Tripe in Chilli Sauce川味小炒 Sauted Shredded Pork(Carrots,Bamboo and Mushrooms) with Hot Sauce切丁 dice百页结烧肉Stewed Diced Pork and Sliced Beancurd with Brown SauceStewed Pork Cubes and Tofu Skin in Brown Sauce 3. Naming principlesGenerally speaking ,there are two ways of naming a Chinese dish. One is a practical one(写实性）， the other is a metaphorical one (写意性）. For the former, the name of the dish suggests directly what you are going to eat, while for the latter, you might have no idea of what it is. 3.1 写实性命名A. Materials(以原料为主的命名）: 火腿鸡片Sliced Chicken with Ham青椒肉丝Shredded Pork with Green Pepper 芙蓉鸡丁chickencubeswitheggwhite番茄虾仁shrimpswithtomato冬菇菜心Winter Mushrooms with Green Cabbage BCooking methodmaterials（烹饪方法+主料的命名方法） 红烧全鱼Braised Fish in Brown Sauce笋炒鸡丝Fried Shredded Chicken with Bamboo Shoots涮羊肉Instant Boiled Mutton Slices cooked in Hotpot荷叶粉蒸肉Steamed Flour-coated Pork in Lotus Leaves清炖鹿肉Braised Venison in Clear Soup清蒸全鱼 Steamed Whole Fish炒鳝丝Stir-Fried Shredded Finless eel脆皮嫩鸡Crispy-Fried Tender Chicken炖栗子鸡Stewed Spring Chicken with ChestnutsC. seasonings+(cooking method)+materials（调料、汁+主料的命名方法）蚝油煎鸡脯Sauteed Chicken with Oyster Sauce葡汁全鸡Chicken with Wine Sauce醋溜子鸡Fried Spring Chicken with Vinegar Sauce五香兔肉Spiced Hare茄汁石斑块Deep Fried Grouper Slices with Tomato Sauce咖喱牛肉Fried Beef with Curry茄汁鱼球 Fish Balls with Ketch-up/Tomato Sauce辣味烩虾Fried Shrimp with Chilly Sauce咖喱鱿鱼Squid with Curry糖醋排骨Sweet &Sour Spare Ribs白汁熏鲳鱼Smoked Pomfret in White Sauce糟溜鱼片fishsliceswithdregsofwine白灼肥牛Poached Beef with Soya Sauce辣子鸡丁dicedchickeninpeppersauceD. local flavor （以地方命名）北京鸭Peking Duck蒙古烤肉Mongolian Barbecue西湖醋鱼West Lake Vinegar Fish成都子鸡Stir-fried Spring Chicken, Chengdu Style东江酿豆腐Beancurd Stuffed with Minced Pork, Dongjiang Style麻婆豆腐Mapo Toufu3.2 写意性命名一卵孵双凤 Chicken Steamed in Water Melon全家福Stewed Assorted Meat/ Hotchpotch龙凤会Stewed Snake &Chicken 雪积银钟Stewed Mushrooms Stuffed with White Fungus红烧狮子头Stewed Minced Pork Balls烩罗汉斋 Stewed Vegetable “Luohan Zhai”霸王别姬Turtle and Chichen佛跳墙Fo tiao qiang (Steamed Abalone with Sharks Fin and Fish Maw清蒸鲍鱼加上鲨鱼鳍和鱼肚)Guess What they are:雪山飞狐 (炸虾片(白色)，上面有几个很小的炸虾皮)走在乡间的小路上 （红烧猪蹄，边上镶点香菜）母子相会（黄豆+豆芽）一国两制 （煮花生米和炸花生米）波黑战争 （菠菜炒黑木耳）悄悄话（猪口条和猪耳朵）两只黄鹂鸣翠柳（韭菜炒鸡蛋） II. Problems in Menu Translation.1. 拼写混乱（错拼，大小写不分，英译冗长繁复）3. 语法不规范(定冠词误用、语序错误、单复数问题）武陵甲鱼the Wuling salt-shelled turtle (定冠词误用）Wuling Soft-shelled Turtle酸辣海鲜羹Seafood soup with hot and sour (语序错误）3. 忽略文化差异。红烧狮子头Braised lion head龙凤配Dragon and phoenix夫妻肺片husband and wifes lung sliceIII. Principles for Menu Translation 北京市政府外事办、北京旅游局日前编辑出版中文菜单英文译法，对大量中式菜肴的名字进行了英文翻译。其中体现了五条翻译原则：一是突出主料，例如夫妻肺片，译为Beef and Ox Tripe in Chili Sauce，即泡在辣椒酱里的牛肉和牛内脏。二是体现烹制方法，例如油条，译为Deepfried Dough Stick。三是描绘形状口感，例如红烧狮子头，译为Braised Pork Balls in Soy Sauce。四是强调人名地名，例如酒类中的蒙古王，译为Mongolian King。五是尊重已有的翻译名称，例如豆腐译为Tofu，饺子译为Jiao zi。一、 以主料开头的翻译原则1、介绍菜肴的主料和辅料（Main cooked stuff+ with +Other cooked stuff ）例: 牛肉豆腐西红柿炒蛋 冬笋牛肉片2、 介绍菜肴的主料和配汁Main cooked stuff + with/in + names of sauces例：蚝油生菜 葱油鸡 米酒鱼卷Beef with BeancurdScrambled Egg with TomatoBeef sheds with bamboo shootsLettuce with oyster sauceChicken in Scallion OilFish Rolls with Rice Wine二、 以烹制方法开头的翻译原则1、 介绍菜肴的烹法和主料Cooking method（V+ed）+ Main cooked stuff例：火爆腰花 Sauted Pigs Kidney软炸里脊Soft-fried Pork Fillet炒鳝片Stir-fried Eel Slices2、 介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和配料Cooking method（V+ed）+ Main cooked stuff+ other stuff例：地瓜烧肉 Stewed Diced Pork and Sweet Potatoes干豆角回锅肉Sauted Spicy Pork with Dried Beans仔姜烧鸡条Braised Chicken Fillet with Tender Ginger3、 介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和汤汁Cooking method（V+ed）+ Main cooked stuff + with/in +names of sauces京酱肉丝 Sauted Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean sauce红烧牛肉Braised Beef with Brown Sauce鱼香肉丝Fried Shredded Pork with Sweet and Sour Sauce4、 介绍菜肴形状或口感、烹法及主辅料Cooking method（V+ed）+processing method+ Main cooked stuff + seasoning小炒黑山羊 Sauted Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley三、 以形状或口感开头的翻译原则1、 介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料processing method/taste + main cooked stuff +(with) + other ingredients例：芝麻酥鸡 Crisp Chicken with Sesame陈皮兔丁 Diced Rabbit with Orange Peel脆皮鸡 Crispy Chicken2、 介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料Taste + cooking methods + main cooked stuff例：香酥排骨 Crisp Fried Spareribs水煮嫩鱼 Tender Stewed Fish香煎鸡块 Fragrant Fried Chicken3、 介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁processing method/ taste +main cooked stuff +(with) names of sauces例：茄汁鱼片 Sliced Fish with Tomato Sauce椒麻鸡块 Cutlets Chicken with Hot Pepper黄酒脆皮虾仁 Crisp Shrimps with Rice Wine Sauce四、 以人名或地名命名的菜肴翻译原则1、 介绍菜肴的创始人（发源地）和主料 name of a person or place +main cooked stuff例：麻婆豆腐 Ma Po Tofu (Ma Po beancurd) 广东点心 Cantonese Dim Sum 四川水饺 Sichuan Boiled Dumpling2、 介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料name of a person/place +cooking method +main cooked stuff例：东坡煨肘 Dong Po stewed pork joint北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck3、 介绍菜肴的发源地、主配料及烹法cooking methods + cooked stuff+ + 地名 + Style例：北京炒肝 Stewed Liver, Beijing Style北京炸酱面 Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style 菜单英文译法中汉语拼音的使用饺子 Jiaozi 豆腐 Tofu馄饨 Wonton 烧麦 Shaomai 油条 Youtiao (Deep-Fried Dough Sticks)汤圆 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls)锅贴 Guotie (Pan-Fried Meat Dumplings)窝头 Wotou（Steamed Black Rice or Corn Bun） 中餐主食和小吃的英译Staple Food and Local Snacks:1. 米饭（烹饪制作法）+rice+with（辅料）海皇炒饭stir-friedricewithseafood八宝饭glutinousricewitheight treasures牛肉盖饭ricewithbeef鲍汁海鲜烩饭boiledseafoodandricewithabalone Sauce什锦冬瓜粒泡饭ricewithwintermelon&assorted meat in soup2. 面条（烹饪制作法）+noodles+with（辅料）肉丝炒面friednoodleswithshreddedpork三鲜汤面soupnoodleswithseafood炸酱面noodleswithsoybeansandmincedmeat拉面hand-pullednoodles担担面Sichuannoodleswithpepperysauce凉面coldnoodles3. 粥直接译原料白粥 plainriceporridge南瓜粥 pumpkinporridge小米粥milletporridge绿豆粥 porridgewithmungbeans皮蛋瘦肉粥porridgeofpreservedeggandmincedpork4. 小吃 4.1“烹饪制作法+（辅料）+主料煎包frieddumplings芋丝炸春卷deep-friedtarospringrolls蒸肠粉steamedricerolls芝麻大饼panfriedsesamecake炒河粉sautedricenoodles椒盐花卷steamedbunrollwithsaltandpepper鸭丝上汤米粉boiledricenoodleswithroastedduck4.2 “（辅料）+主料”花生糕peanutcake猪肉芹菜水饺dumplingsstuffedwithporkandcelery鲜虾小馄饨shrimpwontonsoup香肠卷sausagerolls4.3 “口感+主料”脆皮春卷 crispyspringroll甜烧饼sweetsesameseedflatbread汤圆 sweetglutinousdumplings4.4 “地名+主料”广东点心 Cantonesedimsum扬州炒饭 friedriceYangzhoustyle厦门炒米粉 Xiamenvermicelli肉丝蛋汤 shredded meatandeggsoup 肉片菜心汤slicedporkandcabbagesoup鱼片汤slicedfishsoup龙凤羹mincedchickenwithfishpotagept: 榨菜肉丝汤shreddedporksoupwithpickledmustardtuber鱼丸汤fishballssoup蛋花汤eggdropsoup玉米羹cornsoup西红柿牛肉汤tomatoandbeefsoup酸菜鱿鱼汤pickledvegetablewithsquidsoup三味圆：用水面筋作皮，馅心以鸡脯肉、鲜虾仁、猪腿肉、葱、姜剁细，加黄酒等